Preventive plasmapheresis for rituximab related flare in cryoglobulinemic vasculitis

Ramos-Casals, 2012, The cryoglobulinaemias, Lancet, 379, 348, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60242-0 Brouet, 1974, Biologic and clinical significance of cryoglobulins: a report of 86 cases, Am. J. Med., 57, 775, 10.1016/0002-9343(74)90852-3 Trejo, 2001, Cryoglobulinemia: study of etiologic factors and clinical and immunologic features in 443 patients from a single center, Medicine, 80, 252, 10.1097/00005792-200107000-00004 Retamozo, 2013, Life-threatening cryoglobulinemic patients with hepatitis C: clinical description and outcome of 279 patients, Medicine, 92, 273, 10.1097/MD.0b013e3182a5cf71 Meltzer, 1966, A study of 29 patients. I: IgG and IgM cryoglobulins and factors affecting cryoprecipitability, JAMA, 197, 188 Muchtar, 2017, How I treat cryoglobulinemia, Blood, 129, 289, 10.1182/blood-2016-09-719773 Silva, 2019, New insights in cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, J. Autoimmun., 105, 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102313 Sneller, 2012, A randomized controlled trial of rituximab following failure of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: rituximab in HCV-Associated Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis, Arthritis Rheum., 64, 835, 10.1002/art.34322 De Vita, 2012, A randomized controlled trial of rituximab for the treatment of severe cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: rituximab for Severe Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis, Arthritis Rheum., 64, 843, 10.1002/art.34331 Terrier, 2012, Management of noninfectious mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: data from 242 cases included in the CryoVas survey, Blood, 119, 5996, 10.1182/blood-2011-12-396028 Padmanabhan, 2019, Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice – evidence-based approach from the writing committee of the American society for apheresis: the eighth special issue, J. Clin. Apher., 34, 171, 10.1002/jca.21705 Ghobrial, 2004, Initial increase in the cryoglobulin level after rituximab therapy for type II cryoglobulinemia secondary to Waldenström macroglobulinemia does not indicate failure of response, Am. J. Hematol., 77, 329, 10.1002/ajh.20207 Shaikh, 2008, Acute renal failure secondary to severe type I cryoglobulinemia following rituximab therapy for Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, Clin. Exp. Nephrol., 12, 292, 10.1007/s10157-008-0042-9 Ghobrial, 2004, Initial immunoglobulin M ‘flare’ after rituximab therapy in patients diagnosed with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, Cancer, 101, 2593, 10.1002/cncr.20658 Treon, 2004, Paradoxical increases in serum IgM and viscosity levels following rituximab in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, Ann. Oncol., 15, 1481, 10.1093/annonc/mdh403 Desbois, 2020, Rituximab-associated vasculitis flare: incidence, predictors, and outcome, J. Rheumatol., 47, 896, 10.3899/jrheum.190076 Sy-Go, 2021, « rituximab-associated flare of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis », Kidney Int. Reff, 1994, Depletion of B Cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20, Blood, 83, 435, 10.1182/blood.V83.2.435.435 Sène, 2009, Rituximab may form a complex with iGmκ mixed cryoglobulin and induce severe systemic reactions in patients with hepatitis C virus–induced vasculitis, Arthritis Rheum., 60, 3848, 10.1002/art.25000 Kumar, 2012, Serum sickness and severe angioedema following rituximab therapy in RA, Int. J. Rheum. Dis., 15, e6, 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01645.x Hellerstedt, 2003, Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction or serum sickness after rituximab treatment, Ann. Oncol., 14, 1792, 10.1093/annonc/mdg488 Bourget, 1993, CD20 monoclonal antibodies down-regulate IgM at the surface of B cells, Eur. J. Immunol., 23, 768, 10.1002/eji.1830230330 Strait, 2015, IgG1 protects against renal disease in a mouse model of cryoglobulinaemia, Nature, 517, 10.1038/nature13868 Yang, 2009, The IgM flare following rituximab and IVIG administration in waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is related to IL-6 production by bystander immune cells, possibly through stimulation of the fcgriia receptor, Blood, 114, 761, 10.1182/blood.V114.22.761.761