Preventing Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit

American Psychiatric Association, 2000

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Ely, 2004, Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit, JAMA, 291, 1753, 10.1001/jama.291.14.1753

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Thomason, 2005, Intensive care unit delirium is an independent predictor of longer hospital stay: a prospective analysis of 261 non-ventilated patients, Crit Care, 9, R375, 10.1186/cc3729

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Pisani, 2009, Days of delirium are associated with 1-year mortality in an older intensive care unit population, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 180, 1092, 10.1164/rccm.200904-0537OC

Van Rompaey, 2009, Long term outcome after delirium in the intensive care unit, J Clin Nurs, 18, 3349, 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02933.x

Girard, 2010, Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in survivors of critical illness, Crit Care Med, 38, 1513, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181e47be1

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Marcantonio, 2001, Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a randomized trial, J Am Geriatr Soc, 49, 516, 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49108.x

Kalisvaart, 2005, Haloperidol prophylaxis for elderly hip-surgery patients at risk for delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled study, J Am Geriatr Soc, 53, 1658, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53503.x

Larsen, 2010, Administration of olanzapine to prevent postoperative delirium in elderly joint-replacement patients: a randomized, controlled trial, Psychosomatics, 51, 409, 10.1016/S0033-3182(10)70723-4

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Patel, 2009, Delirium and sedation in the intensive care unit: survey of behaviors and attitudes of 1384 healthcare professionals, Crit Care Med, 37, 825, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819b8608

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Riker, 2009, Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for sedation of critically ill patients: a randomized trial, JAMA, 301, 489, 10.1001/jama.2009.56

Maldonado, 2009, Dexmedetomidine and the reduction of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery, Psychosomatics, 50, 206, 10.1176/appi.psy.50.3.206

Jakob, 2012, Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam or propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation: two randomized controlled trials, JAMA, 307, 1151, 10.1001/jama.2012.304

Payen, 2009, Pain assessment is associated with decreased duration of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit: a post Hoc analysis of the DOLOREA study, Anesthesiology, 111, 1308, 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c0d4f0

Agarwal, 2010, Prevalence and risk factors for development of delirium in burn intensive care unit patients, J Burn Care Res, 31, 706, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181eebee9

Van Rompaey, 2009, Risk factors for delirium in intensive care patients: a prospective cohort study, Crit Care, 13, R77, 10.1186/cc7892

Pisani, 2009, Benzodiazepine and opioid use and the duration of intensive care unit delirium in an older population, Crit Care Med, 37, 177, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318192fcf9

Bailey, 2007, Early activity is feasible and safe in respiratory failure patients, Crit Care Med, 35, 139, 10.1097/01.CCM.0000251130.69568.87

Morris, 2008, Early intensive care unit mobility therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory failure, Crit Care Med, 36, 2238, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318180b90e

Morris, 2011, Receiving early mobility during an intensive care unit admission is a predictor of improved outcomes in acute respiratory failure, Am J Med Sci, 341, 373, 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31820ab4f6

Schweickert, 2009, Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 373, 1874, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60658-9

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Needham, 2010, Rehabilitation quality improvement in an intensive care unit setting: implementation of a quality improvement model, Top Stroke Rehabil, 17, 271, 10.1310/tsr1704-271

Needham, 2008, Mobilizing patients in the intensive care unit: improving neuromuscular weakness and physical function, JAMA, 300, 1685, 10.1001/jama.300.14.1685

Cooper, 2000, Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation, Chest, 117, 809, 10.1378/chest.117.3.809

Gabor, 2003, Contribution of the intensive care unit environment to sleep disruption in mechanically ventilated patients and healthy subjects, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167, 708, 10.1164/rccm.2201090

Hardin, 2009, Sleep in the ICU: potential mechanisms and clinical implications, Chest, 136, 284, 10.1378/chest.08-1546

Bourne, 2004, Sleep disruption in critically ill patients—pharmacological considerations, Anaesthesia, 59, 374, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03664.x

Mistraletti, 2008, Sleep and delirium in the intensive care unit, Minerva Anestesiol, 74, 329

Weinhouse, 2009, Bench-to-bedside review: delirium in ICU patients—importance of sleep deprivation, Crit Care, 13, 234, 10.1186/cc8131

Van Rompaey, 2012, The effect of earplugs during the night on the onset of delirium and sleep perception: a randomized controlled trial in intensive care patients, Crit Care, 16, R73, 10.1186/cc11330

Hu, 2010, Effects of earplugs and eye masks on nocturnal sleep, melatonin and cortisol in a simulated intensive care unit environment, Crit Care, 14, R66, 10.1186/cc8965

Bourne, 2008, Melatonin therapy to improve nocturnal sleep in critically ill patients: encouraging results from a small randomised controlled trial, Crit Care, 12, R52, 10.1186/cc6871

Gamberini, 2009, Rivastigmine for the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery—a randomized controlled trial, Crit Care Med, 37, 1762, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819da780

Hudetz, 2009, Ketamine attenuates delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 23, 651, 10.1053/j.jvca.2008.12.021

Shehabi, 2009, Prevalence of delirium with dexmedetomidine compared with morphine based therapy after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial (DEXmedetomidine COmpared to Morphine—DEXCOM Study), Anesthesiology, 111, 1075, 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181b6a783

Girard, 2010, Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium: the MIND randomized, placebo-controlled trial, Crit Care Med, 38, 428, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181c58715

Wang, 2012, Haloperidol prophylaxis decreases delirium incidence in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial*, Crit Care Med, 40, 731, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182376e4f

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Skrobik, 2004, Olanzapine vs haloperidol: treating delirium in a critical care setting, Intensive Care Med, 30, 444, 10.1007/s00134-003-2117-0

Devlin, 2010, Efficacy and safety of quetiapine in critically ill patients with delirium: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, Crit Care Med, 38, 419, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181b9e302

van Eijk, 2010, Effect of rivastigmine as an adjunct to usual care with haloperidol on duration of delirium and mortality in critically ill patients: a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial, Lancet, 376, 1829, 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61855-7

Morandi, 2011, Sedation, delirium and mechanical ventilation: the 'ABCDE' approach, Curr Opin Crit Care, 17, 43, 10.1097/MCC.0b013e3283427243

Vasilevskis, 2010, Reducing iatrogenic risks: ICU-acquired delirium and weakness—crossing the quality chasm, Chest, 138, 1224, 10.1378/chest.10-0466

Vasilevskis, 2010, A screening, prevention, and restoration model for saving the injured brain in intensive care unit survivors, Crit Care Med, 38, S683, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181f245d3

Pandharipande, 2010, Effect of dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on outcome in patients with sepsis: an a priori-designed analysis of the MENDS randomized controlled trial, Crit Care, 14, R38, 10.1186/cc8916

Spronk, 2009, Occurrence of delirium is severely underestimated in the ICU during daily care, Intensive Care Med, 35, 1276, 10.1007/s00134-009-1466-8

van Eijk, 2009, Comparison of delirium assessment tools in a mixed intensive care unit, Crit Care Med, 37, 1881, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a00118