Prevalence of plasmid mediated blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-15 type extended spectrum beta–lactamases in patients with sepsis

Shakil, 2008, Aminoglycosides versus bacteria-a description of the action, resistance mechanism and nosocomial battleground, J Biomed Sci, 15, 5, 10.1007/s11373-007-9194-y Paterson, 2005, Extended-spectrum b-lactamases: a clinical update, Clin Microbiol Rev, 18, 657, 10.1128/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005 Pfaller, 2006, Overview of the epidemiological profile and laboratory detection of extended-spectrum b-lactamases, Clin Infect Dis, 42, S153, 10.1086/500662 Ma, 2009, Widespread dissemination of aminoglycoside resistance genes, Klebsiellapne pumoniae isolates in Taiwan producing CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53, 104, 10.1128/AAC.00852-08 Shakil, 2010, Risk factors for extended-spectrum blactamaseproducing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia acquisition in a neonatal intensive care unit, J Trop Pediatr, 56, 90, 10.1093/tropej/fmp060 Wright, 2005, Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: enzymatic degradation and modification, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 57, 1451, 10.1016/j.addr.2005.04.002 Gazouli, 1998, Two novel plasmid-mediated cefotaxime-hydrolyzing β-lactamases (CTX-M-5 and CTX-M-6) from Salmonella typhimurium, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 165, 289 Rodríguez-Baño, 2010, Community-onset bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: risk factors and prognosis, Clin Infect Dis, 50, 40, 10.1086/649537 Rodriguez-Baño, 2006, Bacteremia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in the CTX-M era: a new clinical challenge, Clin Infect Dis, 43, 1407, 10.1086/508877 Akram, 2011, Prevalence of integrons, blaCTX-M and blaTEM resistance markers among ESBL-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates: first report of genomic blaCTX-M from India, J Chemother, 23, 131, 10.1179/joc.2011.23.3.131 Akram, 2007, Etiology andantibiotic resistance patterns of community-acquired urinary tract infections in JNMC Hospital Aligarh, India, Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 6, 4, 10.1186/1476-0711-6-4 Sutter, 1985 Clinical and laboratory standards institute, 2009 Birnboim, 1979, A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA, Nucleic Acids Res, 7, 1513, 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513 Boom, 1990, Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acid, J Clin Microbiol, 28, 495, 10.1128/JCM.28.3.495-503.1990 Versalovic, 1991, Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes, Nucl Acids Res, 19, 6823, 10.1093/nar/19.24.6823 Gray, 2006, Identification and characterization of ceftriaxone resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Malawian bacteraemic Enterobacteriaceae, J Antimicrob Chemother, 57, 661, 10.1093/jac/dkl037 Suarez, 2005, Mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactams in some common Gram-negative acteria causing nosocomial infections, Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 3, 915, 10.1586/14787210.3.6.915 Goossens, 2005, Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility data for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae from the MYSTIC Program in Europe and the United States (1997–2004), Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 53, 257, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.10.001 Luzzaro, 2002, Prevalence and drug susceptibility of pathogens causing bloodstream infections in northern Italy: a two-year study in 16 hospitals, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 21, 849, 10.1007/s10096-002-0837-7 Taylor, 1996, Nosocomial urosepsis: Analysis of 218 cases, Int J Infect Dis, 1, 92, 10.1016/S1201-9712(96)90060-0 Feldman, 1995, The aetiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia and its impact on initial, empiric, antimicrobial chemotherapy, Respiratory Med, 89, 187, 10.1016/0954-6111(95)90246-5 Kumari, 2007, Antimicrobial resistance pattern among aerobic gram-negative bacilli of lower respiratory tract specimens of intensive care unit patients in a neurocentre, Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci, 49, 19 Paterson, 2005, Extended-spectrum β-lactamases: a clinical update, Clin Microbiol Rev, 18, 657, 10.1128/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005 Canton, 2008, Prevalence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe, Clin Microbiol Infect, 14, 144, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01850.x Livermore, 2005, CTX-M: changing the face of ESBls in the UK, J Antimicrob Chemother, 56, 451, 10.1093/jac/dki239 Eckert, 2006, DNA sequence analysis of the genetic environment of various blaCTX-M genes, J Antimicrob Chemother, 57, 14, 10.1093/jac/dki398 Walsh, 2007, Comment on: Occurrence, prevalence and genetic environment of CTX-M â-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae from Indian hospitals, J Antimicrob Chemother, 59, 799, 10.1093/jac/dkl532 Cantón, 2006, The CTX-M β-lactamase pandemic, Curr Opin Microbiol, 9, 466, 10.1016/j.mib.2006.08.011 Eshwarappa, 2011, Clinico-microbiological profile of urinary tract infection in South India, Indian J Nephrol, 21, 30, 10.4103/0971-4065.75226 Mendonca, 2007, Spread of extended-spectrum lactamase CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal, Antimicrobial Agents Chemother, 51, 1946, 10.1128/AAC.01412-06