Guohua Zeng1,2, Zanlin Mai1,2, Shujie Xia3, Zhiping Wang4, Ke‐Qin Zhang5, Li Wang6, Yongfu Long7, Jinxiang Ma8, Yi Li9, Show P. Wan1,2, Wenqi Wu1,2, Yongda Liu1,2, Zelin Cui1,2, Zhijian Zhao1,2, Jing Qin1,2, Tao Zeng1,2, Yang Liu1,2, Xiaolu Duan1,2, Xin Mai1,2, Yang Zhou1,2, Zhenzhen Kong1,2, Tao Zhang1,2, Chao Cai1,2, Yi Shao3, Zhongjin Yue4, Shujing Li5, Jiandong Ding6, Shan Tang7, Zhangqun Ye10
1Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
2Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
3Department of Urology, Shanghai First People Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
4Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
5Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
6Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Changzhi, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
7Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
8Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
9School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
10Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Tóm tắt
ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and associated factors of kidney stones among adults in China.Subjects and MethodsA nationwide cross‐sectional survey was conducted among individuals aged ≥18 years across China, from May 2013 to July 2014. Participants underwent urinary tract ultrasonographic examinations, completed pre‐designed and standardised questionnaires, and provided blood and urine samples for analysis. Kidney stones were defined as particles of ≥4 mm. Prevalence was defined as the proportion of participants with kidney stones and binary logistic regression was used to estimate the associated factors.ResultsA total of 12 570 individuals (45.2% men) with a mean (sd, range) age of 48.8 (15.3, 18–96) years were selected and invited to participate in the study. In all, 9310 (40.7% men) participants completed the investigation, with a response rate of 74.1%. The prevalence of kidney stones was 6.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.9, 6.9], and the age‐ and sex‐adjusted prevalence was 5.8% (95% CI 5.3, 6.3; 6.5% in men and 5.1% in women). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male gender, rural residency, age, family history of urinary stones, concurrent diabetes mellitus and hyperuricaemia, increased consumption of meat, and excessive sweating were all statistically significantly associated with a greater risk of kidney stones. By contrast, consumption of more tea, legumes, and fermented vinegar was statistically significantly associated with a lesser risk of kidney stone formation.ConclusionKidney stones are common among Chinese adults, with about one in 17 adults affected currently. Some Chinese dietary habits may lower the risk of kidney stone formation.
