Prevalence of combined metabolic health and weight status by various diagnosis criteria and association with cardiometabolic disease in Korean adults

Organization, 2020, Overweight Obes Organization, 2022, monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustain Dev goals 2022 Blüher, 2020, Metabolically healthy obesity, Endocr Rev, 41 Stefan, 2017, Causes, characteristics, and consequences of metabolically unhealthy normal weight in humans, Cell Metab, 26, 292, 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.008 Stefan, 2020, Metabolically healthy and unhealthy normal weight and obesity, Endocrinol Metab (Seoul), 35, 487, 10.3803/EnM.2020.301 Gharooi Ahangar, 2020, Genetic markers and continuity of healthy metabolic status: Tehran cardio-metabolic genetic study (TCGS), Sci Rep, 10, 13600, 10.1038/s41598-020-70627-5 Alberti, 2006, Metabolic syndrome--a new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation, Diabet Med, 23, 469, 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143–3421. Grundy, 2004, Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the national heart, lung, and blood institute/american heart association conference on scientific issues related to definition, Circulation, 109, 433, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6 Alberti, 2009, Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; national heart, lung, and blood institute; american heart association, World Heart Fed; Int Atheroscler Soc; Int Assoc Study Obes Circ, 120, 1640 Doumatey, 2012, Paradoxical hyperadiponectinemia is associated with the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype in African Americans, J Endocrinol Metab, 2, 51 Aguilar-Salinas, 2008, High adiponectin concentrations are associated with the metabolically healthy obese phenotype, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93, 4075, 10.1210/jc.2007-2724 Lynch, 2009, Are natural killer cells protecting the metabolically healthy obese patient?, Obes (Silver Spring), 17, 601, 10.1038/oby.2008.565 Kim, 2020, Korean society for the study of obesity guidelines for the management of obesity in Korea, J Obes Metab Syndr, 2021, 81 Amato, 2010, Visceral Adiposity Index: a reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk, Diabetes Care, 33, 920, 10.2337/dc09-1825 Wang, 2021, Metabolically healthy obesity and unhealthy normal weight rural adults in Xinjiang: prevalence and the associated factors, BMC Public Health, 21, 1940, 10.1186/s12889-021-11996-y Mathew, 2016, Metabolic health and weight: Understanding metabolically unhealthy normal weight or metabolically healthy obese patients, Metabolism, 65, 73, 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.019 Lotta, 2018, Association of genetic variants related to gluteofemoral vs abdominal fat distribution with type 2 diabetes, coronary disease, and cardiovascular risk factors, Jama, 320, 2553, 10.1001/jama.2018.19329 Tian, 2018, The effect of metabolic health and obesity phenotypes on risk of hypertension: a nationwide population-based study using 5 representative definitions of metabolic health, Med (Baltim), 97, 10.1097/MD.0000000000012425 Borrayo, 2018, TG/HDL-C ratio as cardio-metabolic biomarker even in normal weight women, Acta Endocrinol (Buch), 14, 261, 10.4183/aeb.2018.261 Cotta, 2021, Optimal cutoff of the TG/HDL-c ratio for cardiovascular risk in hypertensive and diabetic patients monitored by primary health care in a city in Minas Gerais, Int J Cardiovasc Sci, 34, 55 Højland Ipsen, 2016, Normal weight dyslipidemia: is it all about the liver?, Obesity, 24, 556, 10.1002/oby.21443 Seppälä-Lindroos, 2002, Fat accumulation in the liver is associated with defects in insulin suppression of glucose production and serum free fatty acids independent of obesity in normal men, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87, 3023, 10.1210/jcem.87.7.8638 Patel, 2013, Body fat distribution and insulin resistance, Nutrients, 5, 2019, 10.3390/nu5062019 Gouveia, 2021, Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults and Older Adults from Amazonas, Brazil, Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18 Yang, 2018, Comparison between metabolic syndrome and the framingham risk score as predictors of cardiovascular diseases among Kazakhs in Xinjiang, Sci Rep, 8, 16474, 10.1038/s41598-018-34587-1 Mandrekar, 2010, Receiver operating characteristic curve in diagnostic test assessment, J Thorac Oncol, 5, 1315, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181ec173d