Prevalence of and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in the West of Iran: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases - Tập 19 - Trang 1-8 - 2019
Elham Ahmadi1, Mohammad Khojasteh1, Seyed Mohammad Mortazavi1, Fatemeh Khan-Mohammadi2, Ali Kazemnia3, Javad Beheshtipour4, Mahdieh Raeeszadeh5
1Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
5Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran

Tóm tắt

Several reports designate the recent increase in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) nasal carriage. Because of the scanty information regarding the nasal carriage sate of MRSA in the west of Iran, the purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency of CA-MRSA in Sanandaj city. Swabs collected from anterior nares of 600 volunteers were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. The isolates were further investigated for methicillin resistance by using the cefoxitin disk diffusion test, followed by PCR-amplification of the mecA gene. SCCmec types and the presence of the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (pvl) encoding genes were determined through PCR. Finally, the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the agar diffusion method. Nasal screening identified 181 S. aureus, of which 55 isolates were MRSA. SCCmec types IV and V were detected in MRSA at frequencies of 80 and 20%, respectively. The overall frequency of pvl genes among the MRSA isolates was 14.54%. MRSA isolates were highly susceptible (98.18%) to mupirocin, gentamicin, and fusidic acid. The high prevalence of CA-MRSA carriage in the population could pose a serious public health concern for the region. Additionally, advent of drug-resistant pvl-positive strains demands continuous surveillance on the colonization state of CA-MRSA in order to prevent dissemination of the bacterium in the community.

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