Pressure drop increase by biofilm accumulation in spiral wound RO and NF membrane systems: role of substrate concentration, flow velocity, substrate load and flow direction

Biofouling - Tập 25 Số 6 - Trang 543-555 - 2009
Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder1,2, C. Hinrichs2,3, W.G.J. van der Meer4,5, Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht1, J.C. Kruithof2
1Environmental Biotechnology Group, Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
2Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Agora 1, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
3c Biofilm Centre, University of Duisburg–Essen , Duisburg–Essen , Germany
4Membrane Process Technology Group, University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
5Vitens , Lelystad , The Netherlands

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