Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from Vitisvinifera leaf litter and its adsorption performance for aqueous phenanthrene

Applied Biological Chemistry - 2020
Adetunji Awe1, Beatrice O Opeolu2, Olalekan S Fatoki3, Olushola Sunday Ayanda4, Vanessa Angela Jackson5, Reinette G. Snyman6
1Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
2Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
3Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
4Department of Industrial Chemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
5Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
6Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa

Tóm tắt

Abstract

The adsorption of phenanthrene onto activated carbons produced from Vitisvinifera leaf litter (a waste plant biomass) was investigated in this study. Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were utilised as activating agents in producing the activated carbons. The characterisation of the activated carbons was achieved with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (for surface functional groups), scanning electron microscopy (for surface morphology) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) (for surface area determination). The adsorption of phenanthrene onto the activated carbons was optimised in terms of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of adsorbate solution and contact time. Experimental results showed that H3PO4 modified activated carbon gave better yield (up to 58.40%) relative to ZnCl2 modified activated carbon (only up to 47.08%). Meanwhile, surface characterisation showed that ZnCl2 modification resulted in higher BET surface area (up to 616.60 m2/g) and total pore volume (up to 0.289 cm3/g) relative to BET surface area of up to 295.49 m2/g and total pore volume of up to 0.185 cm3/g obtained from H3PO4 modified activated carbons. Adsorption equilibrium data fitted well into Freundlich isotherm model relative to other applied isotherm models, with maximum Kf value of 1.27 for ZnCl2 modified activated carbon and 1.16 Kf value for H3PO4 modified activated carbon. The maximum adsorption capacity for ZnCl2 and H3PO4 activated carbons for the removal of phenanthrene were 94.12 and 89.13 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that dynamic equilibrium was reached at 80 min contact time. Experimental data fitted best into the Elovich kinetic model relative to other kinetic models, based on the correlation coefficient (R2) values obtained from kinetic studies. Chemisorption was deduced as a major phenanthrene removal pathway from aqueous solution and the physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbents have major influence on phenanthrene removal efficiencies.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Kennish MJ (2002) Environmental threats and environmental future of estuaries. Environ Conserv 29:78–107

Moore MN, Depledge MH, Readman JW, Paul Leonard DR (2004) An integrated biomarker-based strategy for ecotoxicological evaluation of risk in environmental management. Mutat Res 552:247–268

Sumpter JP (2009) Protecting aquatic organisms from chemicals: the harsh realities. Philos Trans R Soc A 367:3877–3894

Dailianis S, Tsarpali V, Melas K, Karapanagioti HK, Manariotis ID (2014) Aqueous phenanthrene toxicity after high-frequency ultrasound degradation. Aquat Toxicol 147:32–40

Foo KY, Hameed BH (2010) Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems. Chem Eng J 156(1):2–10

Munir MT, Li B, Boiarkina I, Baroutian S, Yu W, Young BR (2017) Phosphate recovery from hydrothermally treated sewage sludge using struvite precipitation. Bioresour Technol 239:171–179

Sarasidis VC, Plakas KV, Karabelas AJ (2017) Novel water-purification hybrid processes involving in-situ regenerated activated carbon, membrane separation and advanced oxidation. Chem Eng J 328:1153–1163

Shattar SFA, Zakaria NA, Foo KY (2016) Feasibility of montmorillonite-assisted adsorption process for the effective treatment of organo-pesticides. Desalin Water Treat 57:13645–13677

Demirbas E, Kobya M, Senturk E, Ozkan T (2004) Adsorption kinetics for the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions on the activated carbons prepared from agricultural wastes. Water SA 30:533–539

Ioannidou O, Zabaniotou A (2007) Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 11(9):1966–2005

Ho Y-S, Chiang T-H, Hsueh Y-M (2005) Removal of basic dye from aqueous solution using tree fern as a biosorbent. Process Biochem 40(1):119–124

Aksu Z (2005) Application of biosorption for the removal of organic pollutants: a review. Process Biochem 40(3):997–1026

Chen B, Yuan M, Liu H (2011) Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution using plant residue materials as a biosorbent. J Hazard Mater 188:436–442

Li Y, Chen B, Zhu L (2010) Enhanced sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by modified pine bark. Bioresour Technol 101:7307–7313

Saeed A, Sharif M, Iqbal M (2010) Application potential of grapefruit peel as dye sorbent: kinetics, equilibrium and mechanism of crystal violet adsorption. J Hazard Mater 179(1):564–572

Chand R, Narimura K, Kawakita H, Ohto K, Watari T, Inoue K (2009) Grape waste as a biosorbent for removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 163(1):245–250

Spinelli R, Nati C, Pari L, Mescalchin E, Magagnotti N (2012) Production and quality of biomass fuels from mechanized collection and processing of vineyard pruning residues. Appl Energy 89(1):374–379

Lafka T-I, Sinanoglou V, Lazos ES (2007) On the extraction and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from winery wastes. Food Chem 104(3):1206–1214

Siphugu L, Terry L. South Africa—Republic of wine annual. Pretoria, South Africa. 2011. https://gain.fas.usda.gov/RecentGAINPublications/WineAnnual_Pretoria_SouthAfrica-Republicof_3-14-2011.pdf. Accessed 20 Jan 2018

Wang X, Qin Y (2005) Equilibrium sorption isotherms for of Cu2+ on rice bran. Process Biochem 40(2):677–680

Garg UK, Kaur MP, Garg VK, Sud D (2007) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by agricultural waste biomass. J Hazard Mater 140(1):60–68

Opeolu BO, Bamgbose O, Fatoki OS (2011) Zinc abatement from simulated and industrial wastewaters using sugarcane biomass. Water SA 37(3):313–320

Sudaryanto Y, Hartono SB, Irawaty W, Hindarso H, Ismadji S (2006) High surface area activated carbon prepared from cassava peel by chemical activation. Bioresour Technol 97:734–739

Darmawan S, Wistara NJ, Pari G, Maddu A, Syafii W (2016) Characterisation of lignocellulosic biomass as raw material for the production of porous carbon-based materials. BioResources 11(2):3561–3574

Rad RM, Omidi L, Kakooei H, Golbabaei F, Hassani H, Loo RA et al (2014) Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on activated carbons: kinetic and isotherm curve modeling. Int J Occup Hyg 6:43–49

Gupta H (2015) Removal of phenanthrene from water using activated carbon developed from orange rind. Int J Sci Res Environmetal Sci 3(7):248–255

Tiwari JN, Mahesh K, Le NH, Kemp KC, Timilsina R, Tiwari RN et al (2013) Reduced graphene oxide-based hydrogels for the efficient capture of dye pollutants from aqueous solutions. Carbon 56:173–182

Weber TW, Chakravorti RK (1974) Pore and solid diffusion models for fixed-bed adsorbers. Am Inst Chem Eng J 20(2):228–238

El Qada EN, Allen SJ, Walker GM (2006) Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon produced from steam activated bituminous coal: a study of equilibrium adsorption isotherm. Chem Eng J 124(1–3):103–110

Walker GM, Weatherley LR (2001) Adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution—the effect of adsorbent pore size distribution and dye aggregation. Chem Eng J 83(3):201–206

Aljeboree AM, Alshirifi AN, Alkaim AF (2017) Kinetics and equilibrium study for the adsorption of textile dyes on coconut shell activated carbon. Arab J Chem 10:S3381–S3393

Rahim AA, Garba ZN (2016) Efficient adsorption of 4-Chloroguiacol from aqueous solution using optimal activated carbon: equilibrium isotherms and kinetics modeling. J Assoc Arab Univ Basic Appl Sci 21:17–23

Nguyen C, Do DD (2001) The Dubinin–Radushkevich equation and the underlying microscopic adsorption description. Carbon N Y 39:1327–1336

Dada A, Olalekan A, Olatunya A, Dada O (2012) Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms studies of equilibrium sorption of Zn2+ onto phosphoric acid modified rice husk. IOSR J Appl Chem 3(1):38–45

Sun Y, Li H, Li G, Gao B, Yue Q, Li X (2016) Characterisation and ciprofloxacin adsorption properties of activated carbons prepared from biomass wastes by H3PO4 activation. Bioresour Technol 217:239–244

Ho YS, McKay G (1999) Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochem 34(5):451–465

Sarada B, Prasad MK, Kumar KK, Ramachandra Murthy CV (2014) Cadmium removal by macro algae Caulerpa fastigiata: characterization, kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies. J Environ Chem Eng 2(3):1533–1542

Ho YS, McKay G (1998) A comparison of chemisorption kinetic models applied to pollutant removal on various sorbents. Process Saf Environ Prot 76(4):332–340

Wu F-C, Tseng R-L, Juang R-S (2009) Characteristics of Elovich equation used for the analysis of adsorption kinetics in dye-chitosan systems. Chem Eng J 150(2–3):366–373

Fierro V, Torné-Fernández V, Montané D, Celzard A (2008) Adsorption of phenol onto activated carbons having different textural and surface properties. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 111(1–3):276–284

Asuquo ED, Martin AD (2016) Sorption of cadmium (II) ion from aqueous solution onto sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) peel adsorbent: characterisation, kinetic and isotherm studies. J Environ Chem Eng 4(4):4207–4228

Adebowale KO, Bayer E (2002) Active carbons from low temperature conversion chars. https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:33050383. Accessed 8 May 2017.

Rashidi NA, Yusup S, Ahmad MM, Mohamed NM, Hameed BH (2012) Activated carbon from the renewable agricultural residues using single step physical activation: a preliminary analysis. APCBEE Procedia 3:84–92

Molina-Sabio M, Rodríguez-Reinoso F (2004) Role of chemical activation in the development of carbon porosity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 241(1–3):15–25

Sugumaran P, Susan VP, Ravichandran P, Seshadri S (2012) Production and characterisation of activated carbon from banana empty fruit bunch and Delonix regia fruit pod. J Sustain Energy Environ 3:125–132

Prahas D, Kartika Y, Indraswati N, Ismadji S (2008) Activated carbon from jackfruit peel waste by H3PO4 chemical activation : pore structure and surface chemistry characterization. Chem Eng J 140:32–42

Bagheri N, Abedi J (2009) Preparation of high surface area activated carbon from corn by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide. Chem Eng Res Des 87(8):1059–1064

Correa RC, Otto T, Kruse A (2017) Influence of the biomass components on the pore formation of activated carbon. Biomass Bioenerg 97:53–64

Lawal IA, Chetty D, Akpotu SO, Moodley B (2017) Sorption of Congo red and reactive blue on biomass and activated carbon derived from biomass modified by ionic liquid. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag 8:83–91

Dodevski V, Jankovi B, Stojmenovi M, Krsti S, Popovi J, Pagnacco MC et al (2017) Plane tree seed biomass used for preparation of activated carbons (AC) derived from pyrolysis Modeling the activation process. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 522:83–96

Deng J, Xiong T, Wang H, Zheng A, Wang Y (2016) Effects of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin on the structure and morphology of porous carbons. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:3750–3756

Özcan AS, Erdem B, Özcan A (2004) Adsorption of acid blue 193 from aqueous solutions onto Na–bentonite and DTMA–bentonite. J Colloid Interface Sci 280(1):44–54

Kim JW, Sohn MH, Kim DS, Sohn SM, Kwon YS (2001) Production of granular activated carbon from waste walnut shell and its adsorption characteristics for Cu2+ ion. J Hazard Mater 85(3):301–315

Garg V, Gupta R, Bala Yadav A, Kumar R (2003) Dye removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on treated sawdust. Bioresour Technol 89(2):121–124

Qiao K, Tian W, Bai J, Dong J, Zhao J, Gong X et al (2018) Preparation of biochar from Enteromorpha prolifera and its use for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous solution. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 149:80–87

Lamichhane S, Bal Krishna KC, Sarukkalige R (2016) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) removal by sorption: a review. Chemosphere 148:336–353

Qu Y, Zhang C, Li F, Bo X, Liu G, Zhou Q (2009) Equilibrium and kinetics study on the adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid from aqueous solution onto powdered activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 169:146–152

Akar T, Celik S, Akar ST (2010) Biosorption performance of surface modified biomass obtained from Pyracantha coccinea for the decolorisation of dye contaminated solutions. Chem Eng J 160(2):466–472

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Applied Biological Chemistry

Thông tin tác giả