Pre-hospital non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness evaluation

Health Technology Assessment - Tập 19 Số 42 - Trang 1-102
Abdullah Pandor1, Praveen Thokala1, Steve Goodacre1, Edith Poku1, John Stevens1, Shijie Ren1, Anna Cantrell1, Gavin D. Perkins2, Matt Ward3, Jerry Penn-Ashman3
1School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
2Critical Care Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
3West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, UK.

Tóm tắt

BackgroundNon-invasive ventilation (NIV), in the form of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel inspiratory positive airway pressure (BiPAP), is used in hospital to treat patients with acute respiratory failure. Pre-hospital NIV may be more effective than in-hospital NIV but requires additional ambulance service resources.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pre-hospital NIV compared with usual care for adults presenting to the emergency services with acute respiratory failure and to identify priorities for future research.Data sourcesFourteen electronic databases and research registers (including MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched from inception to August 2013, supplemented by hand-searching reference lists and contacting experts in the field.Review methodsWe included all randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of pre-hospital NIV in patients with acute respiratory failure. Methodological quality was assessed according to established criteria. An aggregate data network meta-analysis (NMA) of mortality and intubation was used to jointly estimate intervention effects relative to usual care. A NMA, using individual patient-level data (IPD) and aggregate data where IPD were not available, was carried out to assess whether or not covariates were treatment effect modifiers. A de novo economic model was developed to explore the costs and health outcomes when pre-hospital NIV (specifically CPAP provided by paramedics) and standard care (in-hospital NIV) were applied to a hypothetical cohort of patients with acute respiratory failure.ResultsThe literature searches identified 2284 citations. Of the 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria, eight were randomised controlled trials and two were quasi-randomised trials (six CPAP; four BiPAP; sample sizes 23–207 participants). IPD were available from seven trials (650 patients). The aggregate data NMA suggested that CPAP was the most effective treatment in terms of mortality (probability = 0.989) and intubation rate (probability = 0.639), and reduced both mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.41, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.20 to 0.77] and intubation rate (OR 0.32, 95% CrI 0.17 to 0.62) compared with standard care. The effect of BiPAP on mortality (OR 1.94, 95% CrI 0.65 to 6.14) and intubation rate (OR 0.40, 95% CrI 0.14 to 1.16) compared with standard care was uncertain. The combined IPD and aggregate data NMA suggested that sex was a statistically significant treatment effect modifier for mortality. The economic analysis showed that pre-hospital CPAP was more effective and more expensive than standard care, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £20,514 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and a 49.5% probability of being cost-effective at the £20,000-per-QALY threshold. Variation in the incidence of eligible patients had a marked impact on cost-effectiveness and the expected value of sample information for a future randomised trial.LimitationsThe meta-analysis lacked power to detect potentially important differences in outcome (particularly for BiPAP), the intervention was not always compared with the best alternative care (in-hospital NIV) in the primary studies and findings may not be generalisable.ConclusionsPre-hospital CPAP can reduce mortality and intubation rates, but cost-effectiveness is uncertain and the value of further randomised evaluation depends on the incidence of suitable patients. A feasibility study is required to determine if a large pragmatic trial of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness is appropriate.Study registrationThe study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012002933.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Baudouin, 2002, Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure – British Thoracic Society standards of care committee, Thorax, 57, 192, 10.1136/thorax.57.3.192

Delmere, 2008, Acute respiratory failure in the elderly: diagnosis and prognosis, Age Ageing, 37, 251, 10.1093/ageing/afn060

Aminzadeh, 2002, Older adults in the emergency department: a systematic review of patterns of use, adverse outcomes, and effectiveness of interventions, Ann Emerg Med, 39, 238, 10.1067/mem.2002.121523

Ray, 2006, Acute respiratory failure in the elderly: etiology, emergency diagnosis and prognosis, Crit Care, 10, R82, 10.1186/cc4926

The Health and Social Care Information Centre. Hospital Episodes Statistics for England: Linked ONS-HES Mortality Data, 2009–10. 2010. URL: www.hesonline.nhs.uk (accessed 19 December 2012).

Nicholl, 2007, The relationship between distance to hospital and patient mortality in emergencies: an observational study, Emerg Med J, 24, 665, 10.1136/emj.2007.047654

, 2013, UK Ambulance Services Clinical Practice Guidelines 2013, 4th edn.

Berlac, 2008, Pre-hospital airway management: guidelines from a task force from the Scandinavian Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 52, 897, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01673.x

Fisher, 2006, UK Ambulance Service Clinical Practice Guidelines (2006)

Keenan, 2011, Clinical practice guidelines for the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in the acute care setting, CMAJ, 183, E195, 10.1503/cmaj.100071

Kunze, 2007, Standards and guidelines for prehospital ventilation management, J Anasth Intensivbehandlung, 15, 61

Llorens, 2011, Guidelines for emergency management of acute heart failure: consensus of the Acute Heart Failure Working Group of the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (ICA-SEMES) in 2011, Emergencias, 23, 119

Roberts, 2008, Non-invasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: management of acute type 2 respiratory failure, Clin Med, 8, 517, 10.7861/clinmedicine.8-5-517

Schönhofer, 2008, Non-invasive ventilation as treatment for acute respiratory insufficiency. Essentials from the new S3 guidelines, Anaesthesist, 57, 1091, 10.1007/s00101-008-1449-0

Sinuff, 2004, Clinical practice guideline for the use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in COPD patients with acute respiratory failure, J Crit Care, 19, 82, 10.1016/j.jcrc.2004.04.006

, 2010, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Adults In Primary and Secondary Care

McMurray, 2012, ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC, Eur Heart J, 33, 1787, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs104

Gray, 2009, A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the use of continuous positive airway pressure and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the early treatment of patients presenting to the emergency department with severe acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: the 3CPO trial, Health Technol Assess, 13, 10.3310/hta13330

Ho, 2006, A comparison of continuous and bi-level positive airway pressure non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis, Crit Care, 10, R49, 10.1186/cc4861

Keenan, 2004, Does noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improve outcome in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure? A systematic review, Crit Care Med, 32, 2516, 10.1097/01.CCM.0000148011.51681.E2

Lightowler, 2003, Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure resulting from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ, 326, 185, 10.1136/bmj.326.7382.185

Masip, 2005, Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: systematic review and meta-analysis, JAMA, 294, 3124, 10.1001/jama.294.24.3124

Peter, 2006, Effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on mortality in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis, Lancet, 367, 1155, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68506-1

Ram, 2005, Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of asthma, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, CD004360, 10.1002/14651858.CD004360.pub2

Collins, 2006, The use of noninvasive ventilation in emergency department patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a systematic review, Ann Emerg Med, 48, 260, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.01.038

Squadrone, 2005, Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 293, 589, 10.1001/jama.293.5.589

Devlin, 2007, Survey of sedation practices during noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure, Crit Care Med, 35, 2298, 10.1097/01.CCM.0000284512.21942.F8

Bercault, 2001, Mortality rate attributable to ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit: a prospective case-control study, Crit Care Med, 29, 2303, 10.1097/00003246-200112000-00012

Baird, 2012, Out-of-hospital noninvasive ventilation: epidemiology, technology and equipment, Paediatr Rep, 4, e17, 10.4081/pr.2012.e17

Rabec, 2011, Ventilator modes and settings during non-invasive ventilation: effects on respiratory events and implications for their identification, Thorax, 66, 170, 10.1136/thx.2010.142661

Penuelas, 2011, Factor associated to failure and outcome of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 183, A3741, 10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3741

Baptista, 2009, Management of acute respiratory failure with noninvasive ventilation in the emergency department, Emergencias, 21, 189

Schönhofer, 2002, Equipment needs for noninvasive mechanical ventilation, Eur Respir J, 20, 1029, 10.1183/09031936.02.00404202

Masip, 2008, Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, N Engl J Med, 359, 2068, 10.1056/NEJMc081649

Simpson, 2011, Prehospital non-invasive ventilation for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: an evidence-based review, Emerg Med J, 28, 609, 10.1136/emj.2010.092296

Williams, 2013, When pressure is positive: a literature review of the prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure, Prehosp Disaster Med, 28, 52, 10.1017/S1049023X12001562

Daily, 2011, Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: resource document for the National Association of EMS Physicians position statement, Prehosp Emerg Care, 15, 432, 10.3109/10903127.2011.569851

Rees, 2011, Prehospital continuous positive airway pressure ventilation in ACPO: part 1, J Paramedic Pract, 3, 129, 10.12968/jpar.2011.3.3.129

Moher, 2009, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement, PLOS Med, 6, e1000097, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097

Verhagen, 1998, The Delphi list: a criteria list for quality assessment of randomized clinical trials for conducting systematic reviews developed by Delphi consensus, J Clin Epidemiol, 51, 1235, 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00131-0

Lunn, 2000, WinBUGS – a Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility, Stat Comput, 10, 325, 10.1023/A:1008929526011

McCullah, 1989, Generalized Linear Models, 10.1007/978-1-4899-3242-6

Lunn, 2009, The BUGS project: evolution, critique and future directions, Stat Med, 28, 3049, 10.1002/sim.3680

Brooks, 1998, Alternative methods for monitoring convergence of iterative simulations, J Comput Graphical Stat, 7, 434, 10.1080/10618600.1998.10474787

Spiegelhalter, 2002, Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit, J R Stat Soc B Stat Methodol, 64, 583, 10.1111/1467-9868.00353

Austin, 2012, Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on mortality in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in the prehospital setting: randomized controlled trial, Acad Emerg Med, 19, 283

Ducros, 2011, CPAP for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema from out-of-hospital to cardiac intensive care unit: a randomised multicentre study, Intensive Care Med, 37, 1501, 10.1007/s00134-011-2311-4

Frontin, 2011, Continuous positive airway pressure for cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a randomized study, Am J Emerg Med, 29, 775, 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.03.007

Mas, 2002, Non-invasive mechanical ventilation for acute dyspnea in out-of-hospital emergency care, Intensive Care Med, 28, S69

Plaisance, 2007, A randomized study of out-of-hospital continuous positive airway pressure for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: physiological and clinical effects, Eur Heart J, 28, 2895, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm502

Roessler, 2012, Early out-of-hospital non-invasive ventilation is superior to standard medical treatment in patients with acute respiratory failure: a pilot study, Emerg Med J, 29, 409, 10.1136/emj.2010.106393

Schmidbauer, 2011, Early prehospital use of non-invasive ventilation improves acute respiratory failure in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Emerg Med J, 28, 626, 10.1136/emj.2009.089102

Thompson, 2008, Out-of-hospital continuous positive airway pressure ventilation versus usual care in acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial, Ann Emerg Med, 52, 232, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.006

Craven, 2000, Use of bilevel positive airway pressure in out-of-hospital patients, Acad Emerg Med, 7, 1065, 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02102.x

Weitz, 2007, Prehospital noninvasive pressure support ventilation for acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Eur J Emerg Med, 14, 276, 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32826fb377

Fort PA. Multicenter National Randomized Controlled Open Label Study Assessing Interest of Non Invasive Ventilation in out-of Hospital Setting During Acute Respiratory Failure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients. VeNIS BPCO. 2012. URL: clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01626937 (accessed 15 August 2013).

Schulz, 2002, Generation of allocation sequences in randomised trials: chance, not choice, Lancet, 359, 515, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07683-3

Dias, 2013, NICE DSU Technical Support Document 2: A Generalised Linear Modelling Framework for Pairwise and Network Meta-nalysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Aguilar, 2011, Evaluation of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure ventilation for cases of respiratory distress, Acad Emerg Med, 18, S117

Aguilar, 2013, Assessment of the addition of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to an urban emergency medical services (EMS) system in persons with severe respiratory distress, J Emerg Med, 45, 210, 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.01.044

Berteloot, 2011, Assessment of the use of non invasive continuous positive airway pressure associated with nebulization in pre-hospital management, Intensive Care Med, 37, S192

Bledsoe, 2012, Low-fractional oxygen concentration continuous positive airway pressure is effective in the prehospital setting, Prehosp Emerg Care, 16, 217, 10.3109/10903127.2011.640765

Bruge, 2008, An observational study of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in an out-of-hospital setting, Am J Emerg Med, 26, 165, 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.022

Bultman, 2005, Effectiveness of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure in treating adult respiratory distress, Ann Emerg Med, 46, S113, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.06.416

Cuny, 2013, Analysis of management of non-invasive ventilation support in prehospital care for COPD patients and short-term outcome, Crit Care, 17, 144, 10.1186/cc12082

Derr, 2006, The use of continuous positive airway pressure for the treatment of acute severe pulmonary edema in the prehospital setting, Ann Emerg Med, 48, S92, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.765

Dib, 2012, Prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure for acute severe congestive heart failure, J Emerg Med, 42, 553, 10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.06.002

Dieperink, 2009, Treatment of presumed acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in an ambulance system by nurses using Boussignac continuous positive airway pressure, Emerg Med J, 26, 141, 10.1136/emj.2007.055095

Foti, 2009, Is helmet CPAP first line pre-hospital treatment of presumed severe acute pulmonary edema?, Intensive Care Med, 35, 656, 10.1007/s00134-008-1354-7

Freitas, 2010, Prehospital boussignac continuous positive airway pressure: One year experience, Resuscitation, 81, S56, 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.233

Fyntanidou, 2009, Prehospital use of Boussignac continuous positive airway pressure system in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Eur J Anaesthesiol, 26, S178

Garuti, 2010, Out-of-hospital helmet CPAP in acute respiratory failure reduces mortality: a study led by nurses, Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 73, 145

Grosomanidis, 2000, Prehospital management of pulmonary edema by means of the Boussignac-Vygon (TM) CPAP system. 30th International Educational and Scientific Symposium, Society of Critical Care Medicine, February 2001, San Francisco, USA, Crit Care Med, 28, A74

Hubble, 2006, Effectiveness of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure in the management of acute pulmonary edema, Prehosp Emerg Care, 10, 430, 10.1080/10903120600884848

Kallio, 2003, The use of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure treatment in presumed acute severe pulmonary edema, Prehosp Emerg Care, 7, 209, 10.1080/10903120390936798

Kosowsky, 2001, Prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for presumed pulmonary edema: a preliminary case series, Prehosp Emerg Care, 5, 190, 10.1080/10903120190940119

Spijker, 2013, Practical use, effects and complications of prehospital treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema using the Boussignac CPAP system, Int J Emerg Med, 6, 8, 10.1186/1865-1380-6-8

Templier, 2003, ‘Boussignac’ continuous positive airway pressure system: practical use in a prehospital medical care unit, Eur J Emerg Med, 10, 87, 10.1097/00063110-200306000-00003

Warner, 2010, Evaluation of the effect of prehospital application of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in acute respiratory distress, Prehosp Disaster Med, 25, 87, 10.1017/S1049023X00007731

Hubble, 2008, Estimates of cost-effectiveness of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure in the management of acute pulmonary edema, Prehosp Emerg Care, 12, 277, 10.1080/10903120801949275

Drummond, 1996, Guidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ, BMJ, 313, 275, 10.1136/bmj.313.7052.275

Drummond, 2005, Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes, 10.1093/oso/9780198529446.001.0001

Eddy, 1985, Assessing Medical Technology, 144

, 2008, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing

, 2008, Guide To the Methods of Technology Appraisals

, 2012, National Respiratory Audit Programme Annual Report 2011/12

Luhr, 1999, Incidence and mortality after acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome in Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159, 1849, 10.1164/ajrccm.159.6.9808136

Curtis, 2012, Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2012

, 2012, NHS Reference Costs 2011–2012

Williams, 2013, Prehospital continuous positive airway pressure for acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Prehosp Emerg Care, 17, 261, 10.3109/10903127.2012.749967

Hui, 2013, A comparison of bilevel and continuous positive airway pressure noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Am J Emerg Med, 31, 1322, 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.05.043

Gray, 2008, Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, N Engl J Med, 359, 142, 10.1056/NEJMoa0707992

Woollard, 2008, All that glistens is not gold, Emerg Med J, 25, 251, 10.1136/emj.2008.057711

Hargreaves, 2013, Paramedic perceptions of the feasibility and practicalities of prehospital clinical trials: a questionnaire survey, Emerg Med J, 31, 499, 10.1136/emermed-2013-202346

Austin, 2013, Effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on mortality in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPO) in the pre-hospital setting: randomised controlled trial, European Medicines Agency, 25, S5

Baker, 1983, Intermittent positive pressure breathing or compressor nebulizer therapy?, Ann Intern Med, 99, 715, 10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-715

Baker, 2005, Use of continuous positive airway pressure for acute severe dyspnoea in the pre-hospital setting?, Crit Care Resusc, 7, 50

Bohanske, 2010, The effect of continuous positive airway pressure on patient care time in an urban EMS system, Ann Emerg Med, 6, S68, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.06.252

Bott, 1993, Randomised controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease, Lancet, 341, 1555, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90696-E

Cheskes, 2012, Feasibility of continuous positive airway pressure by primary care paramedics, Prehosp Emerg Care, 16, 535, 10.3109/10903127.2012.689930

Confalonieri, 1999, Acute respiratory failure in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. A prospective randomized evaluation of noninvasive ventilation, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160, 1585, 10.1164/ajrccm.160.5.9903015

Crawford, 2008, How quick is soon? Early response to continuous positive airway pressure: a randomized controlled trial, Crit Care, 12, P344, 10.1186/cc6565

Ducros, 2008, Continuous positive airway pressure from out-of-hospital setting to cardiac intensive care unit in acute heart failure: a multicenter randomized study, Circulation, 118, S823, 10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.S_823-a

Gardtman, 2000, Has an intensified treatment in the ambulance of patients with acute severe left heart failure improved the outcome?, Eur J Emerg Med, 7, 15, 10.1097/00063110-200003000-00004

Gonzva, 2013, Early antidote use associated with noninvasive ventilation in prehospital treatment of methadone intoxication, Am J Emerg Med, 31, 448, 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.06.015

Goss, 2008, How non-invasive ventilation helps patients in respiratory failure, J Emerg Med Serv, 33, 78, 10.1016/S0197-2510(08)70050-0

Goss, 2006, Positive pressure: CPAP in the treatment of pulmonary edema & COPD, J Emerg Med Serv, 31, 48, 10.1016/S0197-2510(06)70558-7

Hastings, 1998, CPAP. A supportive adjunct for congestive heart failure in the prehospital setting, J Emerg Med Serv, 23, 58

Soo Hoo, 1994, Nasal mechanical ventilation for hypercapnic respiratory-failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease – determinants of success and failure, Crit Care Med, 22, 1253, 10.1097/00003246-199408000-00009

Kelly, 2002, Randomised controlled trial of continuous positive airway pressure and standard oxygen therapy in acute pulmonary oedema; effects on plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations, Eur Heart J, 23, 1379, 10.1053/euhj.2001.3156

Klemen, 2009, Combination of quantitative capnometry, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and clinical assessment in differentiating acute heart failure from pulmonary disease as cause of acute dyspnea in pre-hospital emergency setting: study of diagnostic accuracy, Croat Med J, 50, 133, 10.3325/cmj.2009.50.133

Kosowsky, 2001, Bilevel positive airway pressure for presumed pulmonary edema, Acad Emerg Med, 8, 299, 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01314.x

Lightner, 2010, Shortness of breath: prehospital treatment of respiratory distress, JEMS, 35, 56, 10.1016/S0197-2510(10)70122-4

Lobato, 2012, Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in out-of-hospital emergency departments, Med Clin, 139, 321, 10.1016/j.medcli.2012.03.026

Maraffi T, Brambilla AM, Aliberti S, Pelosi P, Nava S, Tarsia P. A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate Continuous-Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) versus Conventional Oxygen in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) due to Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). European Respiratory Society Annual Congress, Vienna, Austria, 12–16 September 2009. Abstract 364.

Mattera, 1998, Non-invasive pressure support ventilation, JEMS, 23, 62

Moritz, 2003, Boussignac continuous positive airway pressure device in the emergency care of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomized pilot study, Eur J Emerg Med, 10, 204, 10.1097/00063110-200309000-00009

Navalesi, 2000, Acute respiratory failure in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective randomized evaluation of noninvasive ventilation, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162, 761, 10.1164/ajrccm.162.2.16223c

Oliver, 2013, Out-of-hospital CPAP in the treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, J Intensive Care Soc, 14, 176, 10.1177/175114371301400220

Roggla, 2013, Non-invasive ventilation in prehospital settings, Intern Emerg Med, 8, 453, 10.1007/s11739-013-0909-y

Soma, 2008, A prospective and randomized study for improvement of acute asthma by non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), Intern Med, 47, 493, 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0429

Taylor, 2008, Prehospital noninvasive ventilation: A viable treatment option in the urban setting, Prehosp Emerg Care, 12, 42, 10.1080/10903120701710389

Templier, 2002, Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for prehospital treatment of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in a patient with chronic respiratory disease, JEUR, 15, 104

Templier, 2011, The use of the Boussignac CPAP device during cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE): why add air to the oxygen gas source?, Intensive Care Med, 37, 1555, 10.1007/s00134-011-2278-1

Templier, 2012, Noninvasive ventilation use in French out-of-hospital settings: a preliminary national survey, Am J Emerg Med, 30, 765, 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.03.012

Thys, 2002, Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a prospective randomised placebo-controlled trial, Eur Respir J, 20, 545, 10.1183/09031936.02.00287402

Valipour, 2004, Non-invasive pressure support ventilation in patients with respiratory failure due to severe acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Respiration, 71, 144, 10.1159/000076675

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Health Technology Assessment

Tập 19 Số 42

1-102

Thông tin tác giả