Pre-diagnostic sex hormone levels and survival among breast cancer patients

Folkerd E, Dowsett M (2013) Sex hormones and breast cancer risk and prognosis. Breast 22(Suppl 2):S38–S43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2013.07.007 Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (2005) Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 365(9472):1687–1717. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66544-0 Burstein HJ, Prestrud AA, Seidenfeld J, Anderson H, Buchholz TA, Davidson NE, Gelmon KE, Giordano SH, Hudis CA, Malin J, Mamounas EP, Rowden D, Solky AJ, Sowers MR, Stearns V, Winer EP, Somerfield MR, Griggs JJ (2010) American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline: update on adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 28(23):3784–3796. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.26.3756 Dimitrakakis C, Zhou J, Bondy CA (2002) Androgens and mammary growth and neoplasia. Fertil Steril 77(Suppl 4):S26–S33 Liao DJ, Dickson RB (2002) Roles of androgens in the development, growth, and carcinogenesis of the mammary gland. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 80(2):175–189 Key T, Appleby P, Barnes I, Reeves G (2002) Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of nine prospective studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 94(8):606–616 Missmer SA, Eliassen AH, Barbieri RL, Hankinson SE (2004) Endogenous estrogen, androgen, and progesterone concentrations and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 96(24):1856–1865. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djh336 Woolcott CG, Shvetsov YB, Stanczyk FZ, Wilkens LR, White KK, Caberto C, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Goodman MT (2010) Plasma sex hormone concentrations and breast cancer risk in an ethnically diverse population of postmenopausal women: the multiethnic cohort study. Endocr Relat Cancer 17(1):125–134. https://doi.org/10.1677/erc-09-0211 Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Shore RE, Koenig KL, Akhmedkhanov A, Afanasyeva Y, Kato I, Kim MY, Rinaldi S, Kaaks R, Toniolo P (2004) Postmenopausal levels of oestrogen, androgen, and SHBG and breast cancer: long-term results of a prospective study. Br J Cancer 90(1):153–159. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601517 Kaaks R, Rinaldi S, Key TJ, Berrino F, Peeters PH, Biessy C, Dossus L, Lukanova A, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Allen NE, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Gils CH, Grobbee D, Boeing H, Lahmann PH, Nagel G, Chang-Claude J, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fournier A, Thiebaut A, Gonzalez CA, Quiros JR, Tormo MJ, Ardanaz E, Amiano P, Krogh V, Palli D, Panico S, Tumino R, Vineis P, Trichopoulou A, Kalapothaki V, Trichopoulos D, Ferrari P, Norat T, Saracci R, Riboli E (2005) Postmenopausal serum androgens, oestrogens and breast cancer risk: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Endocr Relat Cancer 12(4):1071–1082. https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01038 Tworoger SS, Rosner BA, Willett WC, Hankinson SE (2011) The combined influence of multiple sex and growth hormones on risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 13(5):R99. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr3040 Zhang X, Tworoger SS, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE (2013) Postmenopausal plasma sex hormone levels and breast cancer risk over 20 years of follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat 137(3):883–892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-012-2391-z Berrino F, Pasanisi P, Bellati C, Venturelli E, Krogh V, Mastroianni A, Berselli E, Muti P, Secreto G (2005) Serum testosterone levels and breast cancer recurrence. Int J Cancer 113(3):499–502. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20582 Micheli A, Meneghini E, Secreto G, Berrino F, Venturelli E, Cavalleri A, Camerini T, Di Mauro MG, Cavadini E, De Palo G, Veronesi U, Formelli F (2007) Plasma testosterone and prognosis of postmenopausal breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 25(19):2685–2690. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.09.0118 Duggan C, Stanczyk F, Campbell K, Neuhouser ML, Baumgartner RN, Baumgartner KB, Bernstein L, Ballard R, McTiernan A (2016) Associations of sex steroid hormones with mortality in women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 155(3):559–567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3704-4 Rock CL, Flatt SW, Laughlin GA, Gold EB, Thomson CA, Natarajan L, Jones LA, Caan BJ, Stefanick ML, Hajek RA, Al-Delaimy WK, Stanczyk FZ, Pierce JP (2008) Reproductive steroid hormones and recurrence-free survival in women with a history of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 17(3):614–620. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0761 Lonning PE, Helle SI, Johannessen DC, Ekse D, Adlercreutz H (1996) Influence of plasma estrogen levels on the length of the disease-free interval in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 39(3):335–341 Venturelli E, Orenti A, Fabricio ASC, Garrone G, Agresti R, Paolini B, Bonini C, Gion M, Berrino F, Desmedt C, Coradini D, Biganzoli E (2018) Observational study on the prognostic value of testosterone and adiposity in postmenopausal estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 18(1):651. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4558-4 Colditz GA, Manson JE, Hankinson SE (1997) The Nurses’ Health Study: 20-year contribution to the understanding of health among women. J Womens Health 6(1):49–62 Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Dysert DC, Lipnick R, Rosner B, Hennekens CH (1984) Test of the National death index. Am J Epidemiol 119(5):837–839 Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Barbieri RL, Speizer FE (1998) Plasma sex steroid hormone levels and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 90(17):1292–1299 Eliassen AH, Missmer SA, Tworoger SS, Spiegelman D, Barbieri RL, Dowsett M, Hankinson SE (2006) Endogenous steroid hormone concentrations and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 98(19):1406–1415. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djj376 Hankinson SE, Manson JE, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Longcope C, Speizer FE (1995) Reproducibility of plasma hormone levels in postmenopausal women over a 2–3 year period. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 4(6):649–654 Rosner B (1983) Percentage points for a generalized ESD many-outlier procedure. Technometrics 25(2):165–172. https://doi.org/10.2307/1268549 Rosner B, Cook N, Portman R, Daniels S, Falkner B (2008) Determination of blood pressure percentiles in normal-weight children: some methodological issues. Am J Epidemiol 167(6):653–666. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwm348 Prentice RL, Kalbfleisch JD (1979) Hazard rate models with covariates. Biometrics 35(1):25–39 Lunn M, McNeil D (1995) Applying Cox regression to competing risks. Biometrics 51(2):524–532 McShane LM, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W, Taube SE, Gion M, Clark GM (2005) REporting recommendations for tumour MARKer prognostic studies (REMARK). Br J Cancer 93(4):387–391. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6602678 Beatson GT (1989) On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: suggestions for a new method of treatment, with illustrative cases. Lancet 148 (3803):162–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)72384-7 Yager JD, Davidson NE (2006) Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 354(3):270–282. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra050776 Dimitrakakis C, Zhou J, Wang J, Belanger A, LaBrie F, Cheng C, Powell D, Bondy C (2003) A physiologic role for testosterone in limiting estrogenic stimulation of the breast. Menopause 10(4):292–298. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gme.0000055522.67459.89 Birrell SN, Bentel JM, Hickey TE, Ricciardelli C, Weger MA, Horsfall DJ, Tilley WD (1995) Androgens induce divergent proliferative responses in human breast cancer cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 52(5):459–467 Macedo LF, Guo Z, Tilghman SL, Sabnis GJ, Qiu Y, Brodie A (2006) Role of androgens on MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth and on the inhibitory effect of letrozole. Cancer Res 66(15):7775–7782. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3984 Key TJ, Appleby PN, Reeves GK, Travis RC, Alberg AJ, Barricarte A, Berrino F, Krogh V, Sieri S, Brinton LA, Dorgan JF, Dossus L, Dowsett M, Eliassen AH, Fortner RT, Hankinson SE, Helzlsouer KJ, Hoff man-Bolton J, Comstock GW, Kaaks R, Kahle LL, Muti P, Overvad K, Peeters PH, Riboli E, Rinaldi S, Rollison DE, Stanczyk FZ, Trichopoulos D, Tworoger SS, Vineis P (2013) Sex hormones and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women: a collaborative reanalysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies. Lancet Oncol 14(10):1009–1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70301-2 Lonning PE, Helle H, Duong NK, Ekse D, Aas T, Geisler J (2009) Tissue estradiol is selectively elevated in receptor positive breast cancers while tumour estrone is reduced independent of receptor status. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 117(1–3):31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.06.005 Vermeulen A, Deslypere JP, Paridaens R, Leclercq G, Roy F, Heuson JC (1986) Aromatase, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and intratissular sex hormone concentrations in cancerous and normal glandular breast tissue in postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 22(4):515–525 Bonney RC, Reed MJ, Davidson K, Beranek PA, James VH (1983) The relationship between 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and oestrogen concentrations in human breast tumours and in normal breast tissue. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 19(6):727–739 Dunbier AK, Anderson H, Ghazoui Z, Folkerd EJ, A’Hern R, Crowder RJ, Hoog J, Smith IE, Osin P, Nerurkar A, Parker JS, Perou CM, Ellis MJ, Dowsett M (2010) Relationship between plasma estradiol levels and estrogen-responsive gene expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Clin Oncol 28(7):1161–1167. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.9616 Mady EA, Ramadan EE, Ossman AA (2000) Sex steroid hormones in serum and tissue of benign and malignant breast tumor patients. Dis Mark 16(3–4):151–157 Recchione C, Venturelli E, Manzari A, Cavalleri A, Martinetti A, Secreto G (1995) Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol levels in postmenopausal breast cancer tissues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 52(6):541–546 Thijssen JH, Blankenstein MA (1989) Endogenous oestrogens and androgens in normal and malignant endometrial and mammary tissues. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 25(12):1953–1959 Key TJ, Appleby PN, Reeves GK, Roddam AW, Helzlsouer KJ, Alberg AJ, Rollison DE, Dorgan JF, Brinton LA, Overvad K, Kaaks R, Trichopoulou A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Panico S, Duell EJ, Peeters PH, Rinaldi S, Fentiman IS, Dowsett M, Manjer J, Lenner P, Hallmans G, Baglietto L, English DR, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Severi G, Morris HA, Hankinson SE, Tworoger SS, Koenig K, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Arslan AA, Toniolo P, Shore RE, Krogh V, Micheli A, Berrino F, Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA, Kabuto M, Akiba S, Stevens RG, Neriishi K, Land CE, Cauley JA, Lui LY, Cummings SR, Gunter MJ, Rohan TE, Strickler HD (2011) Circulating sex hormones and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of 13 studies. Br J Cancer 105(5):709–722. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2011.254 McTiernan A, Irwin M, Vongruenigen V (2010) Weight, physical activity, diet, and prognosis in breast and gynecologic cancers. J Clin Oncol 28(26):4074–4080. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.27.9752