Pravastatin activates the expression of farnesoid X receptor and liver X receptor alpha in Hep3B cells

Jacyna, 1987, Characteristics of cholesterol absorption by human gall bladder: relevance to cholesterolosis, J Clin Pathol, 40, 524, 10.1136/jcp.40.5.524 Corradini, 2000, Impaired human gallbladder lipid absorption in cholesterol gallstone disease and its effect on cholesterol solubility in bile, Gastroenterology, 118, 912, 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70177-6 Trauner, 2011, Nuclear receptors as new perspective for the management of liver diseases, Gastroenterology, 140, 1120, 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.044 Repa, 1999, Nuclear receptor regulation of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 10, 557, 10.1016/S0958-1669(99)00031-2 Russell, 1999, Nuclear orphan receptors control cholesterol catabolism, Cell, 97, 539, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80763-1 Peet, 1998, The LXRs: a new class of oxysterol receptors, Curr Opin Genet Dev, 8, 571, 10.1016/S0959-437X(98)80013-0 Moschetta, 2004, Prevention of cholesterol gallstone disease by FXR agonists in a mouse model, Nat Med, 10, 1352, 10.1038/nm1138 Wittenburg, 2003, FXR and ABCG5/ABCG8 as determinants of cholesterol gallstone formation from quantitative trait locus mapping in mice, Gastroenterology, 125, 868, 10.1016/S0016-5085(03)01053-9 Yu, 2003, Stimulation of cholesterol excretion by the liver X receptor agonist requires ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8, J Biol Chem, 278, 15565, 10.1074/jbc.M301311200 Repa, 2002, Regulation of ATP-binding cassette sterol transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 by the liver X receptors alpha and beta, J Biol Chem, 277, 18793, 10.1074/jbc.M109927200 Chiang, 2001, Regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) transcription by the liver orphan receptor (LXRalpha), Gene, 262, 257, 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00518-7 Goodwin, 2003, Differential regulation of rat and human CYP7A1 by the nuclear oxysterol receptor liver X receptor-alpha, Mol Endocrinol, 17, 386, 10.1210/me.2002-0246 Li, 2011, Overexpression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase promotes hepatic bile acid synthesis and secretion and maintains cholesterol homeostasis, Hepatology, 53, 996, 10.1002/hep.24107 Makishima, 1999, Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids, Science, 284, 1362, 10.1126/science.284.5418.1362 Wang, 1999, Endogenous bile acids are ligands for the nuclear receptor FXR/BAR, Mol Cell, 3, 543, 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80348-2 Seol, 1996, An orphan nuclear hormone receptor that lacks a DNA binding domain and heterodimerizes with other receptors, Science, 272, 1336, 10.1126/science.272.5266.1336 Li, 2012, Bile Acid signaling in liver metabolism and diseases, J Lipids, 2012, 754067, 10.1155/2012/754067 Hirakata, 2004, Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on macrophage foam cell formation, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 323, 782, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.151 Mangelsdorf, 1995, The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors, Cell, 83, 841, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90200-7 Chinetti, 2001, PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma activators induce cholesterol removal from human macrophage foam cells through stimulation of the ABCA1 pathway, Nat Med, 7, 53, 10.1038/83348 Chawla, 2001, A PPAR gamma-LXR-ABCA1 pathway in macrophages is involved in cholesterol efflux and atherogenesis, Mol Cell, 7, 161, 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00164-2 Lee, 2008, The effect of PPARalpha and PPARgamma ligands on inflammation and ABCA1 expression in cultured gallbladder epithelial cells, Dig Dis Sci, 53, 1707, 10.1007/s10620-007-0029-5 Post, 2001, Fibrates suppress bile acid synthesis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-mediated downregulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and sterol 27-hydroxylase expression, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 21, 1840, 10.1161/hq1101.098228 Kosters, 2003, Relation between hepatic expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8 and biliary cholesterol secretion in mice, J Hepatol, 38, 710, 10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00093-X Erichsen, 2011, Long-term statin use and the risk of gallstone disease: A population-based case-control study, Am J Epidemiol, 173, 162, 10.1093/aje/kwq361 Merzon, 2010, Statin administration and risk of cholecystectomy: a population-based case-control study, Expert Opin Drug Saf, 9, 539, 10.1517/14740338.2010.485190 Smith, 2002, Effect of statins on biliary lipid and cholesterol galltones, J Kardiol, 9, 295 Smith, 2000, Effects of simvastatin on hepatic cholesterol metabolism, bile lithogenicity and bile acid hydrophobicity in patients with gallstones, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 15, 871, 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02231.x Lee, 2010, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) activate expression of PPARalpha/PPARgamma and ABCA1 in cultured gallbladder epithelial cells, Dig Dis Sci, 55, 292, 10.1007/s10620-009-0734-3 Miyake, 2000, Bile acid induction of cytokine expression by macrophages correlates with repression of hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, J Biol Chem, 275, 21805, 10.1074/jbc.C000275200 Wang, 2010, Statins enhance peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha activity to regulate energy metabolism, J Mol Med (Berl), 88, 309, 10.1007/s00109-009-0561-1 Madrazo, 2008, The PPAR trio: regulators of myocardial energy metabolism in health and disease, J Mol Cell Cardiol, 44, 968, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.03.021 Bertolotti, 2006, Decreased hepatic expression of PPAR-gamma coactivator-1 in cholesterol cholelithiasis, Eur J Clin Invest, 36, 170, 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01607.x van der Veen, 2009, Activation of the liver X receptor stimulates trans-intestinal excretion of plasma cholesterol, J Biol Chem, 284, 19211, 10.1074/jbc.M109.014860 Field, 2004, LXR/RXR ligand activation enhances basolateral efflux of beta-sitosterol in CaCo-2 cells, J Lipid Res, 45, 905, 10.1194/jlr.M300473-JLR200 Remaley, 2002, Comparative genome analysis of potential regulatory elements in the ABCG5-ABCG8 gene cluster, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 295, 276, 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00652-6 Zanotti, 2006, Pitavastatin effect on ATP binding cassette A1-mediated lipid efflux from macrophages: evidence for liver X receptor (LXR)-dependent and LXR-independent mechanisms of activation by cAMP, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 317, 395, 10.1124/jpet.105.093930 Zhu, 2007, Study of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux in diabetic golden hamsters, J Int Med Res, 35, 508, 10.1177/147323000703500410 Wong, 2004, Statins inhibit synthesis of an oxysterol ligand for the liver x receptor in human macrophages with consequences for cholesterol flux, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24, 2365, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000148707.93054.7d Ando, 2004, Effects of pravastatin on the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 311, 420, 10.1124/jpet.104.068213 Sone, 2004, Statins downregulate ATP-binding-cassette transporter A1 gene expression in macrophages, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 316, 790, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.121 Fan, 2004, Pitavastatin, a potent hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor, increases cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene expression in HepG2 cells, Circ J, 68, 1061, 10.1253/circj.68.1061 Habeos, 2005, Statins and transcriptional regulation: the FXR connection, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 334, 601, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.129 Zhang, 2004, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) regulates triglyceride metabolism by activation of the nuclear receptor FXR, Genes Dev, 18, 157, 10.1101/gad.1138104 Seo, 2008, Statins activate human PPARalpha promoter and increase PPARalpha mRNA expression and activation in HepG2 cells, PPAR Res, 2008, 316306, 10.1155/2008/316306 Li, 2007, A novel role of transforming growth factor beta1 in transcriptional repression of human cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene, Gastroenterology, 133, 1660, 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.08.042 Parks, 1999, Bile acids: natural ligands for an orphan nuclear receptor, Science, 284, 1365, 10.1126/science.284.5418.1365 Lee, 2006, FXR, a multipurpose nuclear receptor, Trends Biochem Sci, 31, 572, 10.1016/j.tibs.2006.08.002 Abrahamsson, 2005, Feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis in human liver: importance of HNF-4alpha for regulation of CYP7A1, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 330, 395, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.170 Lee, 2008, Green tea catechin enhances cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene expression in HepG2 cells, Br J Nutr, 99, 1182, 10.1017/S0007114507864816 Shang, 2006, The stimulatory effect of LXRalpha is blocked by SHP despite the presence of a LXRalpha binding site in the rabbit CYP7A1 promoter, J Lipid Res, 47, 997, 10.1194/jlr.M500449-JLR200 Jiang, 2006, Inhibition of LXRalpha signaling by vitamin D receptor: possible role of VDR in bile acid synthesis, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 351, 176, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.027 Martínez-Jiménez, 2006, Transcriptional activation of CYP2C9, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha requires coactivators peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha and steroid receptor coactivator 1, Mol Pharmacol, 70, 1681, 10.1124/mol.106.025403 Dong, 2011, Pravastatin activates PPARalpha/PPARgamma expression in the liver and gallbladder epithelium of hamsters, Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 10, 185, 10.1016/S1499-3872(11)60029-5 Cariati, 2012, Ultrastructural basis of the failure of oral dissolution therapy with bile salts and/or statin for cholesterol gallstones, Expert Opin Pharmacother, 13, 1387, 10.1517/14656566.2012.663550 Cariati, 2012, Limits and perspective of oral therapy with statins and aspirin for the prevention of symptomatic cholesterol gallstone disease, Expert Opin Pharmacother, 13, 1223, 10.1517/14656566.2012.685161 Zhang, 2012, Farnesoid X receptor expression is reduced in human hepatocellular carcinoma, J Med College PLA, 27, 1, 10.1016/S1000-1948(12)60001-X Yang, 2007, Spontaneous development of liver tumors in the absence of the bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor, Cancer Res, 67, 863, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1078