Practical Strategies to Reduce Pediatric CT Radiation Dose

1991, 1990 recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection (Report 60), Ann ICRP, 21 McCollough, 2000, Calculation of effective dose, Med Phys, 27, 828, 10.1118/1.598948 Boone, 2007, The trouble with CTDI100, Med Phys, 34, 1364, 10.1118/1.2713240 Seibert, 2014, Dose is not always what it seems: where very misleading values can result from CT dose index and dose length product, J Am Coll Radiol, 39, 233, 10.1016/j.jacr.2013.10.010 2007, 2007 recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection (ICRP Publication 103), Ann ICRP, 37, 1, 10.1016/j.icrp.2007.11.001 Schilham, 2010, Overranging at multi-section CT: an underestimated source of excess radiation exposure, Radiographics, 30, 1057, 10.1148/rg.304095167 Gies, 1999, Dose reduction in CT by anatomically adapted tube current modulation: simulation studies, Med Phys, 26, 2235, 10.1118/1.598779 Graser, 2006, Dose reduction and image quality in MDCT colonography using tube currentmodulation, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 187, 695, 10.2214/AJR.05.0662 Jin, 2010, Retrospective versus prospective ECG-gated dual source CT in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease: comparison of image quality and radiation dose, Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 26, 63, 10.1007/s10554-009-9579-2 Vorona, 2011, Reducing abdominal CT radiation dose with the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction technique in children: a feasibility study, Pediatr Radiol, 41, 1174, 10.1007/s00247-011-2063-x American Association of Physicists in Medicine. AAPM position statement on the use of bismuth shielding for the purpose of dose reduction in CT scanning. American Association of Physicists, College Park, MD, 2012. Available at: http://www.aapm.org/publicgeneral/BismuthShielding.pdf. Raman, 2013, CT dose reduction applications: available tools on the latest generation of CT scanners, J Am Coll Radiol, 10, 37, 10.1016/j.jacr.2012.06.025 Brenner, 2007, Computed tomography: an increasing source of radiation exposure, N Engl J Med, 357, 2277, 10.1056/NEJMra072149 Donnelly, 2005, Reducing radiation dose associated with pediatric CT by decreasing unnecessary examinations, AJR Am J Roentgen, 184, 655, 10.2214/ajr.184.2.01840655 2008 Huda, 2001, In x-ray computed tomography, technique factors should be selected appropriate to patient size, Med Phys, 28, 1543, 10.1118/1.1388903 Cody, 2012 Yu, 2009, Radiation dose reduction in computed tomography: techniques and future perspectives, Imaging Med, 1, 65, 10.2217/iim.09.5 Shrimpton, 2006, National survey of doses from CT in the UK: 2003, Br J Radiol, 79, 968, 10.1259/bjr/93277434 Colang, 2007, Patient dose from CT: a literature review, Radiol Technol, 79, 17