Potentielle application de l’axe fibroblast growth factor 23-Klotho dans la maladie rénale chronique

Zinman, 2015, Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes, N Engl J Med, 373, 2117, 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720 Neal, 2017, Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes, N Engl J Med, 377, 644, 10.1056/NEJMoa1611925 Formentini, 2012, Current drug development challenges in chronic kidney disease (CKD) – identification of individualized determinants of renal progression and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), Nephrol Dial Transplant, 27, iii81 Pollock, 2017, The establishment and validation of novel therapeutic targets to retard progression of chronic kidney disease, Kidney Int Suppl, 7, 130, 10.1016/j.kisu.2017.07.008 Strippoli, 2004, The number, quality, and coverage of randomized controlled trials in nephrology, J Am Soc Nephrol, 15, 411, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000100125.21491.46 Kurosu, 2005, Suppression of Aging in Mice by the Hormone Klotho, Science, 309, 1829, 10.1126/science.1112766 Fukumoto, 2009, The role of bone in phosphate metabolism, Mol Cell Endocrinol, 310, 63, 10.1016/j.mce.2008.08.031 Hu, 2013, Fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho: physiology and pathophysiology of an endocrine network of mineral metabolism, Annu Rev Physiol, 75, 503, 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183727 Wang, 2018, Correlation between soluble α-Klotho and renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a review and meta-analysis, Biomed Res Int, 2018, 9481475 Marçais, 2017, Circulating Klotho associates with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during hemodialysis, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 102, 3154, 10.1210/jc.2017-00104 Faul, 2011, FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy, J Clin Invest, 121, 4393, 10.1172/JCI46122 Shi, 2016, αKlotho mitigates progression of AKI to CKD through activation of autophagy, J Am Soc Nephrol, 27, 2331, 10.1681/ASN.2015060613 Kuro-o, 1997, Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing, Nature, 390, 45, 10.1038/36285 Ogawa, 2007, BetaKlotho is required for metabolic activity of fibroblast growth factor 21, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 7432, 10.1073/pnas.0701600104 Ito, 2002, Identification of a novel mouse membrane-bound family 1 glycosidase-like protein, which carries an atypical active site structure, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1576, 341, 10.1016/S0167-4781(02)00281-6 Kurosu, 2006, Regulation of fibroblast growth factor-23 signaling by klotho, J Biol Chem, 281, 6120, 10.1074/jbc.C500457200 Hu, 2010, Klotho: a novel phosphaturic substance acting as an autocrine enzyme in the renal proximal tubule, FASEB J, 24, 3438, 10.1096/fj.10-154765 Mitobe, 2005, Oxidative stress decreases klotho expression in a mouse kidney cell line, Nephron Exp Nephrol, 101, e67, 10.1159/000086500 Chen, 2007, Insulin stimulates the cleavage and release of the extracellular domain of Klotho by ADAM10 and ADAM17, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 19796, 10.1073/pnas.0709805104 Bloch, 2009, Klotho is a substrate for alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretase, FEBS Lett, 583, 3221, 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.09.009 Matsumura, 1998, Identification of the human klotho gene and its two transcripts encoding membrane and secreted klotho protein, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 242, 626, 10.1006/bbrc.1997.8019 Hu, 2016, Renal production, uptake, and handling of circulating αKlotho, J Am Soc Nephrol, 27, 79, 10.1681/ASN.2014101030 Semba, 2014, Klotho in the cerebrospinal fluid of adults with and without Alzheimer's disease, Neurosci Lett, 558, 37, 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.10.058 Akimoto, 2012, Characteristics of urinary and serum soluble Klotho protein in patients with different degrees of chronic kidney disease, BMC Nephrol, 13, 155, 10.1186/1471-2369-13-155 Lindberg, 2014, The kidney is the principal organ mediating klotho effects, J Am Soc Nephrol, 25, 2169, 10.1681/ASN.2013111209 Cha, 2008, Removal of sialic acid involving Klotho causes cell-surface retention of TRPV5 channel via binding to galectin-1, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 9805, 10.1073/pnas.0803223105 Six, 2014, Direct, acute effects of Klotho and FGF23 on vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, PLoS One, 9, e93423, 10.1371/journal.pone.0093423 Prié, 2009, [A new axis of phosphate balance control: fibroblast growth factor 23-Klotho], Nephrol Ther, 5, 513, 10.1016/j.nephro.2009.04.001 Danziger, 2008, The bone-renal axis in early chronic kidney disease: an emerging paradigm, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 23, 2733, 10.1093/ndt/gfn260 Shimada, 2002, Mutant FGF-23 responsible for autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets is resistant to proteolytic cleavage and causes hypophosphatemia in vivo, Endocrinology, 143, 3179, 10.1210/endo.143.8.8795 Razzaque, 2007, The emerging role of the fibroblast growth factor-23-klotho axis in renal regulation of phosphate homeostasis, J Endocrinol, 194, 1, 10.1677/JOE-07-0095 Mace, 2015, Key role of the kidney in the regulation of fibroblast growth factor 23, Kidney Int, 88, 1304, 10.1038/ki.2015.231 Razzaque, 2009, The FGF23-Klotho axis: endocrine regulation of phosphate homeostasis, Nat Rev Endocrinol, 5, 611, 10.1038/nrendo.2009.196 Gattineni, 2011, Regulation of serum 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 levels by fibroblast growth factor 23 is mediated by FGF receptors 3 and 4, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 301, F371, 10.1152/ajprenal.00740.2010 Perwad, 2007, Fibroblast growth factor 23 impairs phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism in vivo and suppresses 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase expression in vitro, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 293, F1577, 10.1152/ajprenal.00463.2006 Shimada, 2004, FGF-23 is a potent regulator of vitamin D metabolism and phosphate homeostasis, J Bone Miner Res, 19, 429, 10.1359/JBMR.0301264 Erben, 2017, FGF23-Klotho signaling axis in the kidney, Bone, 100, 62, 10.1016/j.bone.2016.09.010 Andrukhova, 2014, FGF23 promotes renal calcium reabsorption through the TRPV5 channel, EMBO J, 33, 229 Andrukhova, 2014, FGF23 regulates renal sodium handling and blood pressure, EMBO Mol Med, 6, 744, 10.1002/emmm.201303716 Mace, 2018, Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 regulates the plasma levels of parathyroid hormone in vivo through the FGF receptor in normocalcemia, but not in hypocalcemia, Calcif Tissue Int, 102, 85, 10.1007/s00223-017-0333-9 Farrow, 2011, Iron deficiency drives an autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) phenotype in fibroblast growth factor-23 (Fgf23) knock-in mice, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108, E1146, 10.1073/pnas.1110905108 Saini, 2013, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) regulation of fibroblast growth factor-23 expression in bone cells: evidence for primary and secondary mechanisms modulated by leptin and interleukin-6, Calcif Tissue Int, 92, 339, 10.1007/s00223-012-9683-5 David, 2016, Inflammation and functional iron deficiency regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 production, Kidney Int, 89, 135, 10.1038/ki.2015.290 Eren, 2017, PAI-1 is a critical regulator of FGF23 homeostasis, Sci Adv, 3, e1603259, 10.1126/sciadv.1603259 Allard, 2015, Biphasic effects of vitamin D and FGF23 on human osteoclast biology, Calcif Tissue Int, 97, 69, 10.1007/s00223-015-0013-6 Bacchetta, 2013, FGF23 inhibits extra-renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human monocytes, J Bone Miner Res, 28, 46, 10.1002/jbmr.1740 Levey, 2011, The definition, classification, and prognosis of chronic kidney disease: a KDIGO Controversies Conference report, Kidney Int, 80, 17, 10.1038/ki.2010.483 Eckardt, 2013, Evolving importance of kidney disease: from subspecialty to global health burden, Lancet, 382, 158, 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60439-0 Barker, 2015, The demonstration of αKlotho deficiency in human chronic kidney disease with a novel synthetic antibody, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 30, 223, 10.1093/ndt/gfu291 Koh, 2001, Severely reduced production of klotho in human chronic renal failure kidney, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 280, 1015, 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4226 Hu, 2011, Klotho deficiency causes vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease, J Am Soc Nephrol, 22, 124, 10.1681/ASN.2009121311 Pavik, 2013, Secreted Klotho and FGF23 in chronic kidney disease stage 1 to 5: a sequence suggested from a cross-sectional study, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 28, 352, 10.1093/ndt/gfs460 Park, 2015, Biomarkers of kidney injury and klotho in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 10, 443, 10.2215/CJN.07290714 Sun, 2012, Suppression of Klotho expression by protein-bound uremic toxins is associated with increased DNA methyltransferase expression and DNA hypermethylation, Kidney Int, 81, 640, 10.1038/ki.2011.445 Marsell, 2008, Gene expression analysis of kidneys from transgenic mice expressing fibroblast growth factor-23, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 23, 827, 10.1093/ndt/gfm672 Hu, 2015, Klotho and phosphate are modulators of pathologic uremic cardiac remodeling, J Am Soc Nephrol, 26, 1290, 10.1681/ASN.2014050465 Xie, 2015, Soluble Klotho protects against uremic cardiomyopathy independently of fibroblast growth factor 23 and phosphate, J Am Soc Nephrol, 26, 1150, 10.1681/ASN.2014040325 Kim, 2013, Circulating α-klotho levels in CKD and relationship to progression, Am J Kidney Dis, 61, 899, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.01.024 Kitagawa, 2013, A decreased level of serum soluble Klotho is an independent biomarker associated with arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease, PLoS ONE, 8, e56695, 10.1371/journal.pone.0056695 Seiler, 2014, Associations of FGF-23 and sKlotho with cardiovascular outcomes among patients with CKD stages 2-4, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 9, 1049, 10.2215/CJN.07870713 Devaraj, 2012, Validation of an immunoassay for soluble Klotho protein: decreased levels in diabetes and increased levels in chronic kidney disease, Am J Clin Pathol, 137, 479, 10.1309/AJCPGPMAF7SFRBO4 Russo, 2011, Clinical significance of FGF-23 in patients with CKD, Int J Nephrol, 2011, 364890, 10.4061/2011/364890 Rebholz, 2015, Serum fibroblast growth factor-23 is associated with incident kidney disease, J Am Soc Nephrol, 26, 192, 10.1681/ASN.2014020218 Isakova, 2015, Fibroblast growth factor 23 and incident CKD in type 2 diabetes, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 10, 29, 10.2215/CJN.06190614 Fliser, 2007, Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) predicts progression of chronic kidney disease: the Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease (MMKD) Study, J Am Soc Nephrol, 18, 2600, 10.1681/ASN.2006080936 Titan, 2011, FGF-23 as a predictor of renal outcome in diabetic nephropathy, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 6, 241, 10.2215/CJN.04250510 Desjardins, 2012, FGF23 is independently associated with vascular calcification but not bone mineral density in patients at various CKD stages, Osteoporos Int, 23, 2017, 10.1007/s00198-011-1838-0 Ärnlöv, 2013, Serum FGF23 and risk of cardiovascular events in relation to mineral metabolism and cardiovascular pathology, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 8, 781, 10.2215/CJN.09570912 Grabner, 2017, FGF23/FGFR4-mediated left ventricular hypertrophy is reversible, Sci Rep, 7, 1993, 10.1038/s41598-017-02068-6 Kendrick, 2011, FGF-23 associates with death, cardiovascular events, and initiation of chronic dialysis, J Am Soc Nephrol, 22, 1913, 10.1681/ASN.2010121224 Parker, 2010, The associations of fibroblast growth factor 23 and uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein with mortality in coronary artery disease: the Heart and Soul Study, Ann Intern Med, 152, 640, 10.7326/0003-4819-152-10-201005180-00004 Isakova, 2011, Fibroblast growth factor 23 and risks of mortality and end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease, JAMA, 305, 2432, 10.1001/jama.2011.826 Chathoth, 2015, Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 concentration: prediction of mortality among chronic kidney disease patients, Cardiorenal Med, 6, 73, 10.1159/000440984 Gutiérrez, 2008, Fibroblast growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis, N Engl J Med, 359, 584, 10.1056/NEJMoa0706130 Jean, 2009, High levels of serum fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 are associated with increased mortality in long haemodialysis patients, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 24, 2792, 10.1093/ndt/gfp191 Wolf, 2011, Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 is a risk factor for kidney transplant loss and mortality, J Am Soc Nephrol, 22, 956, 10.1681/ASN.2010080894 Baia, 2013, Fibroblast growth factor 23 and cardiovascular mortality after kidney transplantation, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 8, 1968, 10.2215/CJN.01880213 Chudek, 2014, Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and early chronic kidney disease in the elderly, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 29, 1757, 10.1093/ndt/gfu063 Wolf, 2013, Effects of iron deficiency anemia and its treatment on fibroblast growth factor 23 and phosphate homeostasis in women, J Bone Miner Res, 28, 1793, 10.1002/jbmr.1923 Bhattacharyya, 2012, Mechanism of FGF23 processing in fibrous dysplasia, J Bone Miner Res, 27, 1132, 10.1002/jbmr.1546 Larsson, 2005, Fibroblast growth factor-23 mutants causing familial tumoral calcinosis are differentially processed, Endocrinology, 146, 3883, 10.1210/en.2005-0431 Smith, 2014, The use of fibroblast growth factor 23 testing in patients with kidney disease, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 9, 1283, 10.2215/CJN.10941013 Fauconnier, 2019, FGF23: clinical usefulness and analytical evolution, Clin Biochem, 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.03.002 Hu, 2010, Klotho deficiency is an early biomarker of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and its replacement is protective, Kidney Int, 78, 1240, 10.1038/ki.2010.328 Shimada, 2004, Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis are impaired in the precocious-aging klotho mouse, Circulation, 110, 1148, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000139854.74847.99 Shiraki-Iida, 2000, Improvement of multiple pathophysiological phenotypes of klotho (kl/kl) mice by adenovirus-mediated expression of the klotho gene, J Gene Med, 2, 233, 10.1002/1521-2254(200007/08)2:4<233::AID-JGM110>3.0.CO;2-5 Hum, 2017, Chronic hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification are reduced by stable delivery of soluble Klotho, J Am Soc Nephrol, 28, 1162, 10.1681/ASN.2015111266 Azuma, 2012, Promoter methylation confers kidney-specific expression of the Klotho gene, FASEB J, 26, 4264, 10.1096/fj.12-211631 Chen, 2013, Elevated Klotho promoter methylation is associated with severity of chronic kidney disease, PloS ONE, 8, e79856, 10.1371/journal.pone.0079856 Young, 2012, KLOTHO methylation is linked to uremic toxins and chronic kidney disease, Kidney Int, 81, 611, 10.1038/ki.2011.461 Zhang, 2017, Rhein reverses Klotho repression via promoter demethylation and protects against kidney and bone injuries in mice with chronic kidney disease, Kidney Int, 91, 144, 10.1016/j.kint.2016.07.040 Sun, 2012, Suppression of Klotho expression by protein-bound uremic toxins is associated with increased DNA methyltransferase expression and DNA hypermethylation, Kidney Int, 81, 640, 10.1038/ki.2011.445 Rubinek, 2012, Epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor klotho in human breast cancer, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 133, 649, 10.1007/s10549-011-1824-4 Moreno, 2011, The inflammatory cytokines TWEAK and TNFα reduce renal klotho expression through NFκB, J Am Soc Nephrol, 22, 1315, 10.1681/ASN.2010101073 Lin, 2017, Klotho restoration via acetylation of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ reduces the progression of chronic kidney disease, Kidney Int, 92, 669, 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.023 Mehi, 2014, MicroRNA-339 and microRNA-556 regulate Klotho expression in vitro, Age (Dordr), 36, 141, 10.1007/s11357-013-9555-6 Kang, 2016, Atrasentan increased the expression of klotho by mediating miR-199b-5p and prevented renal tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy, Sci Rep, 6, 19979, 10.1038/srep19979 Study of diabetic nephropathy with atrasentan – Full text view – ClinicalTrials.gov n.d. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01858532 [accessed April 18, 2019]. Zhang, 2008, Klotho is a target gene of PPAR-gamma, Kidney Int, 74, 732, 10.1038/ki.2008.244 Yoon, 2011, Angiotensin II blockade upregulates the expression of Klotho, the anti-ageing gene, in an experimental model of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 26, 800, 10.1093/ndt/gfq537 Narumiya, 2004, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors up-regulate anti-aging klotho mRNA via RhoA inactivation in IMCD3 cells, Cardiovasc Res, 64, 331, 10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.07.011 Lau, 2012, Vitamin D receptor agonists increase klotho and osteopontin while decreasing aortic calcification in mice with chronic kidney disease fed a high phosphate diet, Kidney Int, 82, 1261, 10.1038/ki.2012.322 Ritter, 2015, Differential expression and regulation of Klotho by paricalcitol in the kidney, parathyroid, and aorta of uremic rats, Kidney Int, 87, 1141, 10.1038/ki.2015.22 Hu, 2016, Klotho connects intermedin1-53 to suppression of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease, Kidney Int, 89, 534, 10.1016/j.kint.2015.12.036 Chen, 2018, Activation of the anti-aging and cognition-enhancing gene Klotho by CRISPR-dCas9 transcriptional effector complex, J Mol Neurosci, 64, 175, 10.1007/s12031-017-1011-0 King, 2012, Identification of novel small molecules that elevate Klotho expression, Biochem J, 441, 453, 10.1042/BJ20101909 Abraham, 2012, Small-molecule Klotho enhancers as novel treatment of neurodegeneration, Future Med Chem, 4, 1671, 10.4155/fmc.12.134 Nabeshima, 2014, Calpain 1 inhibitor BDA-410 ameliorates α-klotho-deficiency phenotypes resembling human aging-related syndromes, Sci Rep, 4, 5847, 10.1038/srep05847 Doi, 2011, Klotho inhibits transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) signaling and suppresses renal fibrosis and cancer metastasis in mice, J Biol Chem, 286, 8655, 10.1074/jbc.M110.174037 Xconomy, 2017 Carpenter, 2014, Randomized trial of the anti-FGF23 antibody KRN23 in X-linked hypophosphatemia, J Clin Invest, 124, 1587, 10.1172/JCI72829 Shalhoub, 2012, FGF23 neutralization improves chronic kidney disease-associated hyperparathyroidism yet increases mortality, J Clin Invest, 122, 2543, 10.1172/JCI61405 Ketteler, 2013, FGF23 antagonism: the thin line between adaptation and maladaptation in chronic kidney disease, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 28, 821, 10.1093/ndt/gfs557 Liabeuf, 2017, Randomized clinical trial of sevelamer carbonate on serum Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in CKD, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 12, 1930, 10.2215/CJN.03030317 Martin, 2014, Velcalcetide (AMG 416), a novel peptide agonist of the calcium-sensing receptor, reduces serum parathyroid hormone and FGF23 levels in healthy male subjects, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 29, 385, 10.1093/ndt/gft417 Moe, 2011, Vegetarian compared with meat dietary protein source and phosphorus homeostasis in chronic kidney disease, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 6, 257, 10.2215/CJN.05040610 Goto, 2014, Dietary phosphorus restriction by a standard low-protein diet decreased serum fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in patients with early and advanced stage chronic kidney disease, Clin Exp Nephrol, 18, 925, 10.1007/s10157-014-0947-4 Nagano, 2006, Effect of manipulating serum phosphorus with phosphate binder on circulating PTH and FGF23 in renal failure rats, Kidney Int, 69, 531, 10.1038/sj.ki.5000020 Ketteler, 2011, Phosphate metabolism in CKD stages 3–5: dietary and pharmacological control, Int J Nephrol, 970245 Isakova, 2011, Pilot study of dietary phosphorus restriction and phosphorus binders to target fibroblast growth factor 23 in patients with chronic kidney disease, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 26, 584, 10.1093/ndt/gfq419 Isakova, 2013, Effects of dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders on FGF23 levels in CKD, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 8, 1009, 10.2215/CJN.09250912 Block, 2012, Effects of phosphate binders in moderate CKD, J Am Soc Nephrol, 23, 1407, 10.1681/ASN.2012030223 Seifert, 2013, Effects of phosphate binder therapy on vascular stiffness in early stage chronic kidney disease, Am J Nephrol, 38, 158, 10.1159/000353569 Chue, 2013, Cardiovascular effects of sevelamer in stage 3 CKD, J Am Soc Nephrol, 24, 842, 10.1681/ASN.2012070719 Ureña-Torres, 2014, Changes in fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in normophosphatemic patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 treated with lanthanum carbonate: results of the PREFECT study, a phase 2a, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, BMC Nephrol, 15, 71, 10.1186/1471-2369-15-71 Iguchi, 2018, Effect of ferric citrate hydrate on FGF23 and PTH levels in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease with normophosphatemia and iron deficiency, Clin Exp Nephrol, 22, 789, 10.1007/s10157-017-1510-x Oliveira, 2010, Early control of PTH and FGF23 in normophosphatemic CKD patients: a new target in CKD-MBD therapy?, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 5, 286, 10.2215/CJN.05420709 Vlassara, 2012, Effects of sevelamer on HbA1c, inflammation, and advanced glycation end products in diabetic kidney disease, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 7, 934, 10.2215/CJN.12891211 Yilmaz, 2012, Comparison of calcium acetate and sevelamer on vascular function and fibroblast growth factor 23 in CKD patients: a randomized clinical trial, Am J Kidney Dis, 59, 177, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.11.007 Yokoyama, 2014, Ferric citrate hydrate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in nondialysis-dependent CKD, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 9, 543, 10.2215/CJN.05170513 Cancela, 2011, Fibroblast growth factor 23 in hemodialysis patients: effects of phosphate binder, calcitriol and calcium concentration in the dialysate, Nephron Clin Pract, 117, c74, 10.1159/000319650 Koiwa, 2005, Sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium bicarbonate reduce serum fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in dialysis patients, Ther Apher Dial, 9, 336, 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2005.00293.x Lin, 2014, Long-term sevelamer treatment lowers serum fibroblast growth factor 23 accompanied with increasing serum Klotho levels in chronic haemodialysis patients, Nephrology (Carlton), 19, 672, 10.1111/nep.12319 Chang, 2017, Effects of lanthanum carbonate and calcium carbonate on fibroblast growth factor 23 and hepcidin levels in chronic hemodialysis patients, Clin Exp Nephrol, 21, 908, 10.1007/s10157-016-1362-9 Block, 2019, The effects of tenapanor on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 in patients receiving hemodialysis with hyperphosphatemia, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 34, 339, 10.1093/ndt/gfy061 Moe, 2015, Cinacalcet, fibroblast growth factor-23, and cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis: the evaluation of cinacalcet HCl therapy to lower cardiovascular events (EVOLVE) Trial, Circulation, 132, 27, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013876 Goetz, 2010, Isolated C-terminal tail of FGF23 alleviates hypophosphatemia by inhibiting FGF23-FGFR-Klotho complex formation, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 407, 10.1073/pnas.0902006107 Joshi, 2017, H3B-6527 is a potent and selective inhibitor of FGFR4 in FGF19-driven hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer Res, 77, 6999, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-1865 Papadopoulos, 2017, A phase 1 study of ARQ 087, an oral pan-FGFR inhibitor in patients with advanced solid tumours, Br J Cancer, 117, 1592, 10.1038/bjc.2017.330 Golfmann, 2018, Synergistic anti-angiogenic treatment effects by dual FGFR1 and VEGFR1 inhibition in FGFR1-amplified breast cancer, Oncogene, 37, 5682, 10.1038/s41388-018-0380-3 Smith, 2017, FGF23 activates injury-primed renal fibroblasts via FGFR4-dependent signalling and enhancement of TGF-β autoinduction, Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 92, 63, 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.09.009 Tagliabracci, 2014, Dynamic regulation of FGF23 by Fam20C phosphorylation, GalNAc-T3 glycosylation, and furin proteolysis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111, 5520, 10.1073/pnas.1402218111