Những yếu tố tiềm ẩn ảnh hưởng đến sự chấp nhận và hesitancy vaccine COVID-19 trong cộng đồng người Bangladesh: một nghiên cứu cắt ngang

VirusDisease - Tập 33 - Trang 251-260 - 2022
Debendra Nath Roy1,2, Md. Mohabbot Hossen3, Nowrin Ferdiousi4, Md. Shah Azam5,6
1Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
2Institute of Education and Research, University of Rajshahi, Rajshaji, Bangladesh
3Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
4Department of Pharmacy, Dhaka International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
5Department of Marketing, University of Rajshahi, Rajshaji, Bangladesh
6Offce of the Vice Chancellor, Rabindra University, Sirajganj, Bangladesh

Tóm tắt

Mặc dù vaccine là công cụ hiệu quả nhất để ngăn ngừa bệnh truyền nhiễm, nhưng việc tiêm vaccine COVID-19 trong cộng đồng người Bangladesh đang gặp nhiều thách thức do tỷ lệ lớn người dân do dự trong việc chấp nhận vaccine mới. Nghiên cứu này nhằm điều tra ý định chấp nhận vaccine COVID-19 và khám phá những yếu tố tiềm năng ảnh hưởng đến sự chấp nhận và hesitancy vaccine trong cộng đồng người Bangladesh. Một bảng câu hỏi tự quản, bí mật, hai ngôn ngữ đã được xây dựng và triển khai, với các phương pháp thu thập dữ liệu phối hợp (phỏng vấn trực tiếp và khảo sát trực tuyến) từ ngày 03 tháng 5 đến 20 tháng 6 năm 2021. Tổng cộng có 782 người Bangladesh đã tham gia vào nghiên cứu này thông qua kỹ thuật mẫu ngẫu nhiên và tuyết lở. Thống kê mô tả và phân tích hồi quy logistic nhị phân đã được sử dụng để khám phá và lý giải các mục tiêu nghiên cứu. Kết quả thực nghiệm cho thấy 69,4% (95% CI 66,1–72,7) người tham gia có sự do dự trong việc chấp nhận vaccine vừa được quảng bá. Phân tích nhị phân cho thấy "sự an toàn" và "hiệu quả" có mối quan hệ tích cực và rất có ý nghĩa (p < 0,01) với sự chấp nhận vaccine. "Truyền thông" có liên quan tích cực và có ý nghĩa vừa phải (p < 0,05); "văn hóa" có liên quan tích cực và có ý nghĩa (p < 0,1) trong khi "tin đồn" có mối liên hệ tích cực vừa phải (p < 0,05) và tiêu cực với sự chấp nhận vaccine COVID-19. Theo kiểm định Chi-Bình phương của Pearson, nam giới có độ sẵn lòng nhận vaccine rất có ý nghĩa (p < 0,01) hơn giới nữ (OR = 0,501). Tình trạng do dự về vaccine COVID-19 có thể được giảm thiểu bằng cách cung cấp thông tin về sự an toàn, tác dụng phụ và hiệu quả của vaccine cho cộng đồng thông qua giao tiếp hiệu quả. Chiến dịch nâng cao nhận thức về sức khỏe tại các khu vực vùng sâu vùng xa sẽ loại bỏ các niềm tin và tin đồn chống tiêm chủng; từ đó thúc đẩy sự tự tin về vaccine COVID-19 trong cộng đồng người Bangladesh có động lực văn hóa.

Từ khóa

#COVID-19 #vaccine #chấp nhận vaccine #hesitancy vaccine #Bangladesh #thăm dò ý kiến

Tài liệu tham khảo

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