Potential effectiveness of exenatide in experimentally-induced osteoporosis

Gheita, 2018, Epidemiology and awareness of osteoporosis: a viewpoint from the Middle East and North Africa, Int J Clin Rheumatol, 13, 134 Gates, 2009, Review of osteoporosis pharmacotherapy for geriatric patients, Am J Geriatr Pharmacother, 7, 293, 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2009.12.004 Ma, 2009, Poly-GLP-1, a novel long-lasting glucagon-like peptide-1 polymer, ameliorates hyperglycaemia by improving insulin sensitivity and increasing pancreatic beta-cell proliferation, Diabetes Obes Metab, 11, c953, 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01070.x Nuche-Berenguer, 2010, Exendin-4 exerts osteogenic actions in insulin-resistant and type 2 diabetic states, Regul Pept, 159, 61, 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.06.010 Brubaker, 2007, Incretin-based therapies. Mimetics versus protease inhibitors, Trends Endocrinol Metab, 18, 240, 10.1016/j.tem.2007.06.005 Weitzmann, 2006, Estrogen deficiency and bone loss: an inflammatory tale, J Clin Invest, 116, 1186, 10.1172/JCI28550 Osman, 2018, Do acid suppressive drugs (pantoprazole and ranitidine) attenuate the protective effect of alendronate in estrogen-deficient osteoporotic rats? The Egyptian, Rheumatologist, 40, 99 Drucker, 2006, The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes, Lancet, 368, 1696, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69705-5 Holscher, 2012, Potential role of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) inneuroprotection, CNS Drugs, 26, 871, 10.2165/11635890-000000000-00000 Kolterman, 2005, Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Am J Health SystPharm, 62, 173, 10.1093/ajhp/62.2.173 Lindgren, 1979, Effect of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on osteoporosis in rats induced by oophorectomy, Calcif Tiss Intl, 27, 161, 10.1007/BF02441179 Pytlik, 2004, Effect of concurrent administration of alendronate sodium and retinol on development of changes in histomorphometric parameters of bones induced by ovariectomy in rats, Pol J Pharmacol, 56, 817 Schermer S. The blood morphology of laboratory animals 3rd edition.1967;137–69. Naik, 1977, Comparative study of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme, bone histology and skeletal radiography in dialysis bone disease, British Med J, 1, 1307, 10.1136/bmj.1.6072.1307 Kim, 2003, The structural and hormonal basis of sex differences in peak appendicular bone strength in rats, J Bone Miner Res, 18, 150, 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.1.150 Chang, 2013, Hip fracture management, Hosp Med Clin, 2, e399, 10.1016/j.ehmc.2013.03.003 Kalu, 1991, The ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal bone loss, Bone Miner, 15, 175, 10.1016/0169-6009(91)90124-I Couse, 1997, Tissue distribution and quantitative analysis of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) mRNA in the wild-type and ERα-knockout mouse, Endocrinology, 138, 4613, 10.1210/endo.138.11.5496 Ankrom, 1998, Age-related changes in human oestrogen receptor α function and levels in osteoblasts, Biochem J, 333, 787, 10.1042/bj3330787 Bodine, 1998, Estrogen receptor α is developmentally regulated during osteoblast differentiation and contributes to selective responsiveness of gene expression, Endocrinology, 139, 2048, 10.1210/endo.139.4.5897 Shin, 2012, Histomorphometric analysis of the spine and femur in ovariectomized rats using micro-computed tomographic scan, J Korean Neurosurg Soc, 52, 1, 10.3340/jkns.2012.52.1.1 Biver, 2012, turnover markers for osteoporotic status assessment. A systematic review of their diagnostic values at baseline in osteoporosis, Joint Bone Spine, 79, 20, 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.05.003 Manolagas, 2002, Sex steroids and bone, Recent Prog Horm Res, 57, 385, 10.1210/rp.57.1.385 McNamara, 2010, Perspective on post-menopausal osteoporosis establishing an interdisciplinary understanding of the sequence of events from the molecular level to whole bone fractures, J R Soc Interface, 7, 353, 10.1098/rsif.2009.0282 Singer, 2008, Using biochemical markers of bone turnover in clinical practice, Clev Cl J, 75, 739, 10.3949/ccjm.75.10.739 Pedrazzoni, 1996, Clinical observations with a new specific assay for bone alkaline phosphatase: a cross-sectional study in osteoporotic and pagetic subjects and a longitudinal evaluation of the response to ovariectomy, estrogens, and bisphosphonates, Calcif Tissue Int, 59, 334, 10.1007/s002239900136 Hatem, 2015, The antidepressant bupropion exerts alleviating properties in an ovariectomized osteoporotic rat model, Acta Pharmacol Sin, 36, 209, 10.1038/aps.2014.111 Mukaiyama, 2015, Elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in postmenopausal women is caused by high bone turnover, Aging Clin Exp Res, 27, 413, 10.1007/s40520-014-0296-x Palumbo, 2010, Influence of ferutinin on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. I:role in preventing osteoporosis, J Bone Miner Metab, 27, 538, 10.1007/s00774-009-0070-x Yoon, 2012, The change of bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats: analyses of micro CT scan and biochemical markers of bone turnover, J Korean Neurosurg Soc, 51, 323, 10.3340/jkns.2012.51.6.323 Lambrinoudaki, 2000, Effect of calcitriol on bone mineral density in premenopausal Chinese women taking chronic steroid therapy. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study, J Rheumatol, 27, 1759 Lips, 2001, Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications, Endocrinol Rev, 22, 477, 10.1210/edrv.22.4.0437 Meier, 2006, Serum cathepsin K concentrations reflect osteoclastic activity in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and patients with Paget’s disease, Clin Lab, 52, 1 Yamada, 2008, The murine glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is essential for control of bone resorption, Endocrinology, 149, 574, 10.1210/en.2007-1292 Ma, 2013, Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, prevents osteopenia by promoting bone formation and suppressing bone resorption in aged ovariectomized rats, J Bone Mineral Res, 28, 1641, 10.1002/jbmr.1898 Abdallah, 2012, New factors controlling the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis, Bone, 50, 540, 10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.030 Lee, 2015, Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes, J Menopausal Med, 21, 93, 10.6118/jmm.2015.21.2.93 Bollag, 2000, Osteoblast-derived cells express functional glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptors, Endocrinology, 141, 1228, 10.1210/endo.141.3.7366 Marie, 2011, Osteoblasts in osteoporosis: past, emerging, and future anabolic targets, Eur J Endocrinol, 165, 1, 10.1530/EJE-11-0132 Picke, 2019, Update on the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone metabolism and material properties, Endocr Connect, 8, R55, 10.1530/EC-18-0456 Pereira, 2017, Exenatide improves bone quality in a murine model of genetically inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 8, 327, 10.3389/fendo.2017.00327