Potency Equivalency Factors for Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives

Alexeeff, 1989, Chromium carcinogenicity: California strategies, Sci. Total Environ., 86, 159, 10.1016/0048-9697(89)90202-7

Anderson, 1983, Quantitative approaches to use to assess cancer risk, Risk Anal., 3, 277, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1983.tb01396.x

Armstrong, 1950, Squamous carcinoma of the forestomach and other lesions in mice following oral administration of 3:4:5:6-dibenzcarbazole, Br. J. Cancer, 4, 203, 10.1038/bjc.1950.20

Bingham, 1969, The modifying effect of carcinogens on the threshold response, Arch. Environ. Health, 19, 779, 10.1080/00039896.1969.10666930

Bryan, 1943, Quantitative analysis of dose–response data with three carcinogenic hydrocarbons in strain C3H male mice, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 9, 503

Busby, 1988, Dose–response relationships of the tumorigenicity of cyclopenta[c,da, Carcinogenesis, 9, 741, 10.1093/carcin/9.5.741

Busby, 1989, Comparative lung tumorigenicity of parent and mononitro-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the BLU:Ha newborn mouse assay, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 99, 555, 10.1016/0041-008X(89)90162-2

California Department of Health Services, 1985, Guidelines for Chemical Carcinogen Risk Assessments and Their Scientific Rationale, State of California, Health and Welfare Agency, Sacramento, CA

California Department of Health Services (CDHS), 1986, Health Effects of Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans, State of California, Health and Welfare Agency, Sacramento, CA

Cavalieri, 1991, Comparative dose–response tumorigenicity studies of dibenzo[alpha,ll, Carcinogenesis, 12, 1939, 10.1093/carcin/12.10.1939

Cavalieri, 1989, Tumor-initiating activity in mouse skin and carcinogenicity in rat mammary gland of dibenzo[aa,l, J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 115, 67, 10.1007/BF00391602

Chouroulinkov, 1967, Etude de l'activite carcinogene du 9,10-dimethyl-benzanthracene et du 3,4-benzopyrene administres par voie digestive, Bull. Cancer, S4, 67

Clement Associates, 1987, Comparative Potency Approach for Estimation of the Total Cancer Risk Associated with Exposures to Mixtures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment, ICF-Clement Associates, Washington, DC

Clement Associates, 1988, Comparative Potency Approach for Estimating the Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Mixtures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, ICF-Clement Associates, Fairfax, VA

Collins, 1991, Risk assessment for benzo(a, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 13, 170, 10.1016/0273-2300(91)90020-V

Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC), 1992, A toxic equivalency procedure for estimating 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pp, Supplemental Guidance for Human Health Multimedia Risk Assessments of Hazardous Waste Sites and Permitted Facilities, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Sacramento, CA, July

Deutsch-Wenzel, 1983, Experimental studies in rat lungs on the carcinogenicity and dose–response relationships of eight frequently occurring environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 71, 539

Finlayson-Pitts, 1986

Flesher, 1991, Rules of molecular geometry for predicting carcinogenic activity of unsubstituted polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen., 11, 41, 10.1002/tcm.1770110106

Flessel, 1985, Sources of mutagens in Contra Costa County community aerosols during pollution episodes: Diurnal variations and relations to source emissions tracers, Environ. Int., 11, 293, 10.1016/0160-4120(85)90021-2

Gold, 1986, Chronological supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database: Standardized results of animal bioassays published through December 1982, Environ. Health Perspect., 67, 161, 10.1289/ehp.8667161

Gold, 1984, A carcinogenic potency database of the standardized results of animal bioassays, Environ. Health Perspect., 58, 9, 10.1289/ehp.84589

Gold, 1990, Third chronological supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database: Standardized results of animal bioassays published through December 1986 and by the National Toxicology Program through June 1987, Environ. Health Perspect., 84, 215, 10.1289/ehp.9084215

Gold, 1987, Second chronological supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database: Standardized results of animal bioassays published through December 1984 and by the National Toxicology Program through May 1986, Environ. Health Perspect., 74, 237, 10.1289/ehp.8774237

Gold, 1989, Summary of carcinogenic potency and positivity for 492 rodent carcinogens in the Carcinogenic Potency Database, Environ. Health Perspect., 79, 259, 10.1289/ehp.8979259

Gruenstein, 1964, Lack of effect of norethynodrel (Enovid) on methylcholanthrene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats, Cancer Res., 24, 1656

Habs, 1980, Local carcinogenicity of some environmentally relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after lifelong topical application to mouse skin, Arch. Geschwulstforsch., 50, 266

Halsall, 1994, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in U.K. urban air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 2380, 10.1021/es00062a024

Hardin, 1992, Mechanisms by which benzo[a, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 117, 155, 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90232-H

Hecht, 1976, A study of chemical carcinogenesis: Comparative carcinogenicity of 5-methylchrysene, benzo(a, Cancer Lett., 1, 147, 10.1016/S0304-3835(75)96166-2

Hoffman, 1966, Beitrag zur carcinogen Wirkung von Dibenzopyrenen, Z. Krebsforsch., 68, 137, 10.1007/BF00525155

Hoover, 1995, Improving the regulation of carcinogens by expediting cancer potency estimation, Risk Anal., 15, 267, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00320.x

Howe, R. B. van Landingham, C. 1986, GLOBAL 86, Clement Associates, Ruston, LA

1987, IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risk Chem. Hum. Suppl., 7, 42

1989, IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risk Chem. Hum., 46, 375

1996, IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risk Chem. Hum., 65, 297

Iwagawa, 1989, Comparative dose–response study on the pulmonary carcinogenicity of 1,6-dinitropyrene and benzo[a, Carcinogenesis, 10, 1285, 10.1093/carcin/10.7.1285

Krewski, 1989, Carcinogenic risk assessment of complex mixtures, Tox. Ind. Health, 5, 851, 10.1177/074823378900500520

Krieger, R. K. Wright, J. N. Arey, J. 1997, Ambient monitoring of selected PAH in California. Paper 97-WP100A.06, Air & Waste Management Association 90th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, June 8–13, 1997, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

LaGoy, 1994, Establishing generic remediation goals for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Critical issues, Environ. Health Perspect., 102, 348, 10.1289/ehp.94102348

LaVoie, 1987, Tumorigenic activity of non-alternant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in newborn mice, Cancer Lett., 34, 15, 10.1016/0304-3835(87)90068-1

Lee, 1981

Legraverend, 1983, Bone marrow toxicity induced by oral benzo[a, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 70, 390, 10.1016/0041-008X(83)90157-6

MacKenzie, 1981, Infertility in mice exposedin uteroa, Biol. Reprod., 24, 183, 10.1095/biolreprod24.1.183

Marty, M. A. Alexeeff, G. V. Collins, J. F. Blaisdell, R. J. Rosenbaum, J. Lee, L. 1994, Airborne emissions from industrial point sources and associated cancer risks of selected carcinogens in California, The Emissions Inventory: Perception and Reality. Proceedings of an International Specialty Conference, 1086, 1097, Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh

Miller, 1955, The carcinogenicity of compounds related to 2-acetylaminofluorene. II. Variations in the bridges and the 2-substituent, Cancer Res., 15, 188

Mrak, 1985, Managing risk in a technical society: The Tanner Bill in California, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 5, 410, 10.1016/0273-2300(85)90005-4

National Cancer Institute (NCI), 1978, Bioassay of 5-Nitroacenaphthene for Possible Carcinogenicity, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW), NCI Carcinogenesis Testing Program, Bethesda, MD

National Toxicology Program (NTP), 1992, Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Naphthalene (CAS No. 91-20-3) in B6C3F1, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC

Neal, 1967, Gastric tumors in mice fed benzo(a, Texas Rep. Biol. Med., 25, 553

Nisbet, 1992, Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 16, 290, 10.1016/0273-2300(92)90009-X

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), 1992, Expedited Cancer Potency Values and Proposed Regulatory Levels for Certain Proposition 65 Carcinogens, Reproductive and Cancer Hazard Assessment Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), 1994, Part B. Health Assessment, Benzo[a]pyrene as a Toxic Air Contaminant, Air Resources Board and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency

Paigen, 1985, Effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on the development of aortic lesions in mice, Cancer Res., 45, 3850

Penn, 1981, Dose-dependent size increases of aortic lesions following chronic exposure to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a, Cancer Res., 41, 588

Phillips, 1983, Fifty years of benzo(a, Nature, 303, 468, 10.1038/303468a0

Richard, 1990, A CASE-SAR analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenicity, Mutat. Res., 242, 285, 10.1016/0165-1218(90)90047-6

Rosenkranz, 1986, 6. The mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Shay, 1961, Experimental mammary adenocarcinoma of rats: Some consideration of methylcholanthrene dosage and hormonal treatment, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 27, 503

Shay, 1962, Methylcholanthrene induced breast cancer in the rat: Studies on mechanism of inhibition by large doses of estrogen, 305

Snell, 1962, Pulmonary adenomatosis induced in DBA/2 mice by oral administration of dibenz[a,h, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 28, 1043

Takayama, 1985, Lung carcinoma induction in Syrian golden hamsters by intratracheal instillation of 1,6-dinitropyrene, Jpn. J. Cancer Res. (Gann), 75, 457

Takemura, 1974, Carcinogenic action of 5-nitroacenaphthene, Br. J. Cancer, 30, 481, 10.1038/bjc.1974.225

Thyssen, 1981, Inhalation studies with benzo(a, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 66, 575

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1980, Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1984, Health Effects Assessment for Benzo(a)pyrene, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH

1986, Fed. Reg., 51, 33992

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1989, Interim Procedures for Estimating Risks Associated with Exposures to Mixtures of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and -Dibenzofurans (CDDs and CDFs) and 1989 Update, United States Environmental Protection Agency

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1993, Provisional Guidance for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, United States Environmental Protection Agency

Warshawsky, 1992, Comparative tumor-initiating ability of 7H-dibenzo(c,ga,j, Toxicology, 71, 233, 10.1016/0300-483X(92)90026-B

Warshawsky, 1993, Factors affecting the carcinogenic potential of mixtures, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 29, 376, 10.1006/faat.1993.1048

Wislocki, 1986, Tumorigenicity of nitrated derivatives of pyrene, benz[aa, Carcinogenesis, 7, 1317, 10.1093/carcin/7.8.1317

Wynder, 1959, A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. VII. The role of higher polycyclic hydrocarbons, Cancer, 12, 1079, 10.1002/1097-0142(195911/12)12:6<1079::AID-CNCR2820120604>3.0.CO;2-I