Postpancreatectomy Complications and Management

McMillan, 2014, Predictive factors for pancreatic fistula following pancreatectomy, Langenbecks Arch Surg, 399, 811, 10.1007/s00423-014-1220-8

Malleo, 2014, Diagnosis and management of postoperative pancreatic fistula, Langenbecks Arch Surg, 399, 801, 10.1007/s00423-014-1242-2

Pratt, 2007, Clinical and economic validation of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) classification scheme, Ann Surg, 245, 443, 10.1097/01.sla.0000251708.70219.d2

Bassi, 2005, Postoperative pancreatic fistula: an international study group (ISGPF) definition, Surgery, 138, 8, 10.1016/j.surg.2005.05.001

Wente, 2007, Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after pancreatic surgery: a suggested definition by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS), Surgery, 142, 761, 10.1016/j.surg.2007.05.005

Wente, 2007, Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH): an International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) definition, Surgery, 142, 20, 10.1016/j.surg.2007.02.001

Daskalaki, 2011, A grading system can predict clinical and economic outcomes of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: results in 755 consecutive patients, Langenbecks Arch Surg, 396, 91, 10.1007/s00423-010-0719-x

Dong, 2011, Analysis of pancreatic fistula according to the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula classification scheme for 294 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in a single center, Pancreas, 40, 222, 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181f82f3c

Liang, 2007, Pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: diagnosed according to International Study Group Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) definition, Pancreatology, 7, 325, 10.1159/000105498

Harnoss, 2014, Use and results of consensus definitions in pancreatic surgery: a systematic review, Surgery, 155, 47, 10.1016/j.surg.2013.05.035

Pratt, 2006, Postoperative pancreatic fistulas are not equivalent after proximal, distal, and central pancreatectomy, J Gastrointest Surg, 10, 1264, 10.1016/j.gassur.2006.07.011

McMillan, 2015, Comparing the burden of pancreatic fistulas after pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy, Surgery, 159, 1

Goudard, 2014, Reappraisal of central pancreatectomy: a 12-year single-center experience, JAMA Surg, 149, 1, 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.4146

Strasberg, 2011, Postoperative morbidity index: a quantitative measure of severity of postoperative complications, J Am Coll Surg, 213, 616, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.07.019

Miller, 2013, Assessing the impact of a fistula after a pancreaticoduodenectomy using the post-operative morbidity index, HPB (Oxford), 15, 781, 10.1111/hpb.12131

Vollmer, 2012, A root-cause analysis of mortality following major pancreatectomy, J Gastrointest Surg, 16, 89, 10.1007/s11605-011-1753-x

Gaujoux, 2010, Fatty pancreas and increased body mass index are risk factors of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy, Surgery, 148, 15, 10.1016/j.surg.2009.12.005

Wellner, 2010, A simple scoring system based on clinical factors related to pancreatic texture predicts postoperative pancreatic fistula preoperatively, HPB (Oxford), 12, 696, 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2010.00239.x

Yamamoto, 2011, A preoperative predictive scoring system for postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy, World J Surg, 35, 2747, 10.1007/s00268-011-1253-x

Callery, 2013, A prospectively validated clinical risk score accurately predicts pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy, J Am Coll Surg, 216, 1, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.09.002

Miller, 2014, A multi-institutional external validation of the fistula risk score for pancreatoduodenectomy, J Gastrointest Surg, 18, 172, 10.1007/s11605-013-2337-8

Kunstman, 2014, Evaluation of a recently described risk classification scheme for pancreatic fistulae development after pancreaticoduodenectomy without routine post-operative drainage, HPB (Oxford), 16, 987, 10.1111/hpb.12269

Shubert, 2015, Clinical risk score to predict pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy: independent external validation for open and laparoscopic approaches, J Am Coll Surg, 221, 689, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.05.011

Graham, 2013, Probability prediction of a postoperative pancreatic fistula after a pancreaticoduodenectomy allows for more transparency with patients and can facilitate management of expectations, J Surg Oncol, 108, 137, 10.1002/jso.23362

Roberts, 2014, A preoperative predictive score of pancreatic fistula following pancreatoduodenectomy, HPB (Oxford), 16, 620, 10.1111/hpb.12186

Chen, 2015, Risk scoring system and predictor for clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy, World J Gastroenterol, 21, 5926, 10.3748/wjg.v21.i19.5926

McMillan, 2016, Risk-adjusted outcomes of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula following pancreatoduodenectomy: a model for performance evaluation, Ann Surg, 264, 344, 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001537

McMillan, 2015, Defining the practice of pancreatoduodenectomy around the world, HPB (Oxford), 17, 1145, 10.1111/hpb.12475

McMillan, 2014, The value of drains as a fistula mitigation strategy for pancreatoduodenectomy: something for everyone? Results of a randomized prospective multi-institutional study, J Gastrointest Surg, 19, 21, 10.1007/s11605-014-2640-z

Bassi, 2010, Early versus late drain removal after standard pancreatic resections: results of a prospective randomized trial, Ann Surg, 252, 207, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181e61e88

McMillan, 2015, Drain management after pancreatoduodenectomy: reappraisal of a prospective randomized trial using risk stratification, J Am Coll Surg, 221, 798, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.07.005

McMillan, 2016, A multicenter, prospective trial of drain management for pancreatoduodenectomy using risk stratification, Ann Surg, 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001832

Raman, 2013, CT after pancreaticoduodenectomy: spectrum of normal findings and complications, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 201, 2, 10.2214/AJR.12.9647

Meier, 2006, ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: pancreas, Clin Nutr, 25, 275, 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.01.019

Klek, 2011, Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the conservative treatment of pancreatic fistula: a randomized clinical trial, Gastroenterology, 141, 157, 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.03.040

Gans, 2012, Systematic review and meta-analysis of somatostatin analogues for the treatment of pancreatic fistula, Br J Surg, 99, 754, 10.1002/bjs.8709

Sohn, 2003, Pancreaticoduodenectomy: role of interventional radiologists in managing patients and complications, J Gastrointest Surg, 7, 209, 10.1016/S1091-255X(02)00193-2

Sanjay, 2012, The role of interventional radiology in the management of surgical complications after pancreatoduodenectomy, HPB (Oxford), 14, 812, 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2012.00545.x

Munoz-Bongrand, 2004, Conservative management of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy, J Am Coll Surg, 199, 198, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.03.015

Reddymasu, 2013, Incidence of pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy and efficacy of endoscopic therapy for its management: results from a tertiary care center, Case Rep Gastroenterol, 7, 332, 10.1159/000354136

Bartoli, 2013, Efficacy of the double-pigtail stent as a conservative treatment for grade B pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreatogastric anastomosis, Surg Endosc, 28, 1528, 10.1007/s00464-013-3347-z

Fuks, 2009, Life-threatening postoperative pancreatic fistula (grade C) after pancreaticoduodenectomy: incidence, prognosis, and risk factors, Am J Surg, 197, 702, 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.03.004

Balzano, 2014, Relaparotomy for a pancreatic fistula after a pancreaticoduodenectomy: a comparison of different surgical strategies, HPB (Oxford), 16, 40, 10.1111/hpb.12062

Standop, 2009, Operative re-intervention following pancreatic head resection: indications and outcome, J Gastrointest Surg, 13, 1503, 10.1007/s11605-009-0905-8

McMillan, 2016, The characterization and prediction of ISGPF grade C fistulas following pancreatoduodenectomy, J Gastrointest Surg, 20, 262, 10.1007/s11605-015-2884-2

Glowka, 2016, Risk factors for delayed gastric emptying following distal pancreatectomy, Langenbecks Arch Surg, 401, 161, 10.1007/s00423-016-1374-7

Beane, 2014, Optimal management of delayed gastric emptying after pancreatectomy: an analysis of 1,089 patients, Surgery, 156, 939, 10.1016/j.surg.2014.06.024

Malleo, 2010, Delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy: validation of International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery classification and analysis of risk factors, HPB (Oxford), 12, 610, 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2010.00203.x

Welsch, 2010, Evaluation of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery definition of delayed gastric emptying after pancreatoduodenectomy in a high-volume centre, Br J Surg, 97, 1043, 10.1002/bjs.7071

Park, 2009, Clinical validation and risk factors for delayed gastric emptying based on the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) classification, Surgery, 146, 882, 10.1016/j.surg.2009.05.012

Robinson, 2015, Peri-operative risk factors for delayed gastric emptying after a pancreaticoduodenectomy, HPB (Oxford), 17, 495, 10.1111/hpb.12385

Hüttner, 2016, Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (pp Whipple) versus pancreaticoduodenectomy (classic Whipple) for surgical treatment of periampullary and pancreatic carcinoma, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 10.1002/14651858.CD006053.pub6

Joliat, 2016, Effect of antecolic versus retrocolic gastroenteric reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy on delayed gastric emptying: a meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials, Dig Surg, 33, 15, 10.1159/000441480

Sakamoto, 2011, Analysis of risk factors for delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after 387 pancreaticoduodenectomies with usage of 70 stapled reconstructions, J Gastrointest Surg, 15, 1789, 10.1007/s11605-011-1498-6

Goei, 2001, Pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: influence of a Billroth I versus a Billroth II type of reconstruction on gastric emptying, Dig Surg, 18, 376, 10.1159/000050177

Bassi, 2005, Reconstruction by pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy following pancreatectomy: results of a comparative study, Ann Surg, 242, 767, 10.1097/01.sla.0000189124.47589.6d

Fernández-Cruz, 2008, Pancreatogastrostomy with gastric partition after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy versus conventional pancreatojejunostomy: a prospective randomized study, Ann Surg, 248, 930, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31818fefc7

Keck, 2016, Pancreatogastrostomy versus pancreatojejunostomy for RECOnstruction after PANCreatoduodenectomy (RECOPANC, DRKS 00000767): Perioperative and Long-term Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial, Ann Surg, 263, 440, 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001240

Pessaux, 2011, External pancreatic duct stent decreases pancreatic fistula rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy, Ann Surg, 253, 879, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31821219af

Walters, 2015, A long gastrojejunostomy is associated with decreased incidence and severity of delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy, Pancreas, 44, 1273, 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000415

Watanabe, 2015, Braun enteroenterostomy reduces delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: a retrospective review, Am J Surg, 209, 369, 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.05.007

Ravikumar, 2014, Portal vein resection in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a United Kingdom multicenter study, J Am Coll Surg, 218, 401, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.11.017

Kunstman, 2012, Comprehensive analysis of variables affecting delayed gastric emptying following pancreaticoduodenectomy, J Gastrointest Surg, 16, 1354, 10.1007/s11605-012-1873-y

Eisenberg, 2015, Delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy: an analysis of risk factors and cost, J Gastrointest Surg, 19, 1572, 10.1007/s11605-015-2865-5

Parmar, 2013, Factors associated with delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy, HPB (Oxford), 15, 763, 10.1111/hpb.12129

Akizuki, 2009, Reconsideration of postoperative oral intake tolerance after pancreaticoduodenectomy: prospective consecutive analysis of delayed gastric emptying according to the ISGPS definition and the amount of dietary intake, Ann Surg, 249, 986, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181a63c4c

Tan, 2011, Moving towards the New International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) definitions in pancreaticoduodenectomy: a comparison between the old and new, HPB (Oxford), 13, 566, 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2011.00336.x

Reber, 2007, Delayed gastric emptying–what should be required for diagnosis?, Surgery, 142, 769, 10.1016/j.surg.2007.07.026

Castillo, 2007, Consensus defining postpancreatectomy complications: an opportunity we cannot ignore, Surgery, 142, 771, 10.1016/j.surg.2007.08.013

Healy, 2015, Proposal and critical appraisal of exclusion criteria to the international study group for pancreatic surgery definition of delayed gastric emptying, J Am Coll Surg, 220, 1036, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.12.017

Lytras, 2007, Therapeutic strategies for the management of delayed gastric emptying after pancreatic resection, Langenbecks Arch Surg, 392, 1, 10.1007/s00423-006-0096-7

Ohwada, 2001, Low-dose erythromycin reduces delayed gastric emptying and improves gastric motility after Billroth I pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, Ann Surg, 234, 668, 10.1097/00000658-200111000-00013

Matsunaga, 2000, Manometric evidence of improved early gastric stasis by erythromycin after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy, World J Surg, 24, 1236, 10.1007/s002680010244

Kollmar, 2008, Prophylactic octreotide and delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy: results of a prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial, Eur J Surg Oncol, 34, 868, 10.1016/j.ejso.2008.01.014

van Berge Henegouwen, 1997, Prospective, randomized trial on the effect of cyclic versus continuous enteral nutrition on postoperative gastric function after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy, Ann Surg, 226, 677, 10.1097/00000658-199712000-00005

Rayar, 2012, Enteral nutrition reduces delayed gastric emptying after standard pancreaticoduodenectomy with child reconstruction, J Gastrointest Surg, 16, 1004, 10.1007/s11605-012-1821-x

Mack, 2004, Gastric decompression and enteral feeding through a double-lumen gastrojejunostomy tube improves outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy, Ann Surg, 240, 845, 10.1097/01.sla.0000143299.72623.73

Martignoni, 2000, Enteral nutrition prolongs delayed gastric emptying in patients after Whipple resection, Am J Surg, 180, 18, 10.1016/S0002-9610(00)00418-9

Lermite, 2007, Risk factors of pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy, J Am Coll Surg, 204, 588, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.01.018

Grützmann, 2012, Evaluation of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery definition of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage in a high-volume center, Surgery, 151, 612, 10.1016/j.surg.2011.09.039

Welsch, 2011, Critical appraisal of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) consensus definition of postoperative hemorrhage after pancreatoduodenectomy, Langenbecks Arch Surg, 396, 783, 10.1007/s00423-011-0811-x

Correa-Gallego, 2012, Contemporary experience with postpancreatectomy hemorrhage: results of 1,122 patients resected between 2006 and 2011, J Am Coll Surg, 215, 616, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.07.010

Wellner, 2014, Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage-incidence, treatment, and risk factors in over 1,000 pancreatic resections, J Gastrointest Surg, 18, 464, 10.1007/s11605-013-2437-5

Yekebas, 2007, Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage: diagnosis and treatment, Ann Surg, 246, 269, 10.1097/01.sla.0000262953.77735.db

Eckardt, 2011, Management and outcomes of haemorrhage after pancreatogastrostomy versus pancreatojejunostomy, Br J Surg, 98, 1599, 10.1002/bjs.7623

Rajarathinam, 2008, Post pancreaticoduodenectomy haemorrhage: outcome prediction based on new ISGPS clinical severity grading, HPB (Oxford), 10, 363, 10.1080/13651820802247086

Ansari, 2016, Hemorrhage after major pancreatic resection: incidence, risk factors, management, and outcome, Scand J Surg, 10.1177/1457496916631854

Asai, 2015, Management of a delayed post-pancreatoduodenectomy haemorrhage using endovascular techniques, HPB (Oxford), 17, 902, 10.1111/hpb.12464

Roulin, 2011, Systematic review of delayed postoperative hemorrhage after pancreatic resection, J Gastrointest Surg, 15, 1055, 10.1007/s11605-011-1427-8

Beyer, 2009, Results of non-operative therapy for delayed hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy, J Gastrointest Surg, 13, 922, 10.1007/s11605-009-0818-6

Tien, 2008, Angiography is indicated for every sentinel bleed after pancreaticoduodenectomy, Ann Surg Oncol, 15, 1855, 10.1245/s10434-008-9894-1

Limongelli, 2008, Management of delayed postoperative hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis, Arch Surg, 143, 1001, 10.1001/archsurg.143.10.1001

Tol, 2014, Shifting role of operative and nonoperative interventions in managing complications after pancreatoduodenectomy: what is the preferred intervention?, Surgery, 156, 622, 10.1016/j.surg.2014.04.026

Brodsky, 1991, Arterial hemorrhage after pancreatoduodenectomy. The “sentinel bleed”, Arch Surg, 126, 1037, 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410320127019