Post-operative use of heparin increases morbidity of pacemaker implantation

Aggarwal, 1995, Early complications of permanent pacemaker implantation: no difference between dual and single chamber systems., Br Heart J, 73, 571, 10.1136/hrt.73.6.571

Kiviniemi, 1999, Complications related to permanent pacemaker therapy., Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 22, 711, 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999.tb00534.x

Chauhan, 1996, Early complications after dual chamber versus single chamber pacemaker implantation., Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 17, 2012, 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb03791.x

Kearon, 1997, Management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery., N Engl J Med, 336, 1506, 10.1056/NEJM199705223362107

Michaud, 2000, A randomized trial comparing heparin initiation 6 h or 24 h after pacemaker or defibrillator implantation., J Am Coll Cardiol, 35, 1915, 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00633-1

Goldstein, 1998, Outpatient pacemaker procedures in orally anticoagulated patients., Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 21, 1730, 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00271.x

Gohlke-Bärwolf, 1995, Guidelines for prevention of thromboembolic events in valvular heart disease. Study group of the working group on valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology., Eur Heart J, 16, 1320, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060739

Levine, 2001, Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant treatment., Chest, 119, 108S, 10.1378/chest.119.1_suppl.108S

Bryan, 1995, Prosthetic heart valves and anticoagulant management during non-cardiac surgery., Br J Surg, 82, 577, 10.1002/bjs.1800820502

Carrel, 1999, Perioperative bleeding and thromboembolic risk during non cardiac surgery in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves: an institutional review., J Heart Valve Dis, 8, 392

Cannegieter, 1994, Thromboembolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses., Circulation, 89, 635, 10.1161/01.CIR.89.2.635

Ansell, 2001, Managing oral anticoagulant therapy., Chest, 119, 22S, 10.1378/chest.119.1_suppl.22S

Bonow, 1998, ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on management of patients with valvular heart disease)., Circulation, 98, 1949, 10.1161/01.CIR.98.18.1949

Douketis, 1999, Physician preferences for perioperative anticoagulation in patients with a mechanical heart valve who are undergoing elective noncardiac surgery., Chest, 116, 1240, 10.1378/chest.116.5.1240

Giudici, 2004, Pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation without reversal of warfarin therapy., Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 27, 358, 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2004.00441.x

Al-Khadra, 2003, Implantation of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators in orally anticoagulated patients., Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 26, 511, 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.00084.x

Robinson, 1989, Warfarin and cataract extraction., Br J Ophtalmol, 73, 702, 10.1136/bjo.73.9.702

Wahl, 1998, Dental surgery in anticoagulated patients., Arch Intern Med, 158, 1610, 10.1001/archinte.158.15.1610

Cacoub, 1998, Pacemaker infective endocarditis., Am J Cardiol, 82, 480, 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00365-8

Klug, 1997, Systemic infection related to endocarditis on pacemaker leads: clinical presentation and management., Circulation, 95, 2098, 10.1161/01.CIR.95.8.2098

Atrial Fibrillation, 1994, Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials., Arch Intern Med, 154, 1449, 10.1001/archinte.1994.00420130036007

Douketis, 2000, Perioperative anticoagulation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation who are undergoing elective surgery: results of a physician survey., Can J Cardiol, 16, 326

Hewitt, 1999, Current clinical concepts in perioperative anticoagulation., Ann Surg, 65, 270