Post-Fire Evaluation of the New Zealand International Convention Centre

G. Charles Clifton1, Lucas Hogan2, Max T. Stephens2, Fanqin Meng2, Linus Lim3, Peter Nguyen4, Martin Feeney4, Guzhao Li5, Emily R. McCarthy5, Paul B. Summers5, Alistair Remmington6, Leonard King7, Gordon Carle8, Ryan Clifton8, Neha Raphael8
1Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
2Civil and Envionmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
3Holmes Australia LP, Sydney, Australia
4Holmes New Zealand LP, Sydney, Australia
5Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, Boston, USA
6Industries and Environment, SGS New Zealand Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
7Industrial NDT and Materials, SGS New Zealand Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
8The Fletcher Construction Company, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand

Tóm tắt

In October 2019, the largest fire in a commercial building in New Zealand since 1947 burned for over ten days through the roof and upper floor of the 120 m wide × 100 m long New Zealand International Convention Centre, which was under construction and nearing completion at the time. The steel composite and reinforced concrete framed building features five storeys above grade of structural steel framing with composite floors, comprising heavy, intricate steel work that was impacted by the fire. The main steel structure performed very well in response to fire exposure ranging from low to severe, with minimal damage and distortion to the heavy steel roof members in general, considering the severity of the fire. Secondary steel angles, tubular steel, and wide-flange members at the roof elevation were locally more heavily distorted. A very detailed post-fire evaluation of the structure was carried out, comprising mapping of the fire effects, deflections, metallurgical changes, extensive numerical modelling, and full scale in-situ experimental testing. The outcome resulted in retention of over 95% of the total roof steelwork (2500 tonnes). This paper provides an overview of the fire and the key steps involved in the post-fire structural evaluation of this unique fire case history.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures—Part 1–2: general rules—structural fire design. EN 1993–1–2; CEN, Brussels April 2005. Kodur V, Dwaikat M, Fike R (2010) High-temperature properties of steel for fire resistance modeling of structures. J Mater Civil Eng 22(5):423–434 Bisby L (2018) Grenfell Tower Inquiry report. Phase 1: Expert report. https://www.grenfelltowerinquiry.org.uk/evidence/professor-luke-bisbys-expert-report Storesund K, Sesseng C, Fjellgaard Mikalsen R, Holmvaag OA, Steen-Hansen A (2020) Evaluation of fire in Stavanger airport car park. Peng L, Ni Z, Huang X (2013) Review on the fire safety of exterior wall claddings in high-rise buildings in China. Procedia Eng 62:663–670 Andrés R. Martínez, Jenny Gross (2023) London Airport Suspends Flights After Parking Garage Collapses From Fire. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/world/europe/luton-airport-fire-london.html Hall S, Evarts B (2022) Fire Loss in the United States During 2021. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Gil A, Kodur V, Pacheco F, Schneider D, Christ R, Tutikian B (2022) Post-fire assessment and retrofitting of concrete buildings: case study. ACI Struct J 119(5):57–67 Pandey M, Young B (2021) Post-fire mechanical response of high strength steels. Thin-Walled Struct 164:107606 Wang XQ, Tao Z, Hassan MK (2020) Post-fire behaviour of high-strength quenched and tempered steel under various heating conditions. J Constr Steel Res 164:105785 Li GQ, Lyu H, Zhang C (2017) Post-fire mechanical properties of high strength Q690 structural steel. J Constr Steel Res 132:108–116 Dan WJ, Gou RB, Yu M, Ge YB, Li TJ (2022) Experimental study on the post-fire mechanical behaviours of structural steels. J Constr Steel Res 199:107629 Alba-Rodríguez MD, Martínez-Rocamora A, González-Vallejo P, Ferreira-Sánchez A, Marrero M (2017) Building rehabilitation versus demolition and new construction: economic and environmental assessment. Environ Impact Assess Rev 66:115–126 Maraveas C, Fasoulakis Z, Tsavdaridis KD (2017) Post-fire assessment and reinstatement of steel structures. J Struct Fire Eng 8(2):181–201 Molkens T, Van Coile R, Gernay T (2017) Assessment of damage and residual load bearing capacity of a concrete slab after fire: applied reliability-based methodology. Eng Struct 150:969–985 Blanc CM, Sánchez AO, Navarro IF (2022) Evaluation of steel structures integrity in a post-fire condition: case study of the Serradells sports centre in Andorra. Fire Saf J 2022(133):103668 Wilding P (2020) Fire Investigation Report Incident No F2866954, Fire and Emergency New Zealand. Franssen JM, Gernay T (2019) User Manual for SAFIR 2019. A Computer Program for Analysis of Structures at Elevated Temperature Conditions, University of Liege. ABAQUS, Inc. (2020) ABAQUS/Standard, User’s Manual, Version 2020, Distributed by Dassault Systemes SIMULIA. de Silva D, Bilotta A, Nigro E (2016) Experimental Tests on Intumescent Coating for Protecting Steel Structures, Proceedings of the Ninth Structures in Fire conference, Michigan, pp. 1081–1089. Xu Q, Li G, Jiang J, Wang Y (2018) Experimental study of the influence of topcoat on insulation performance of intumescent coatings for steel structures. Fire Saf J 101:25–38 Krishnamoorthy RR, Bailey C (2009) Temperature Distribution of Intumescent Coated Steel Framed Connection at Elevated Temperature, Nordic Steel Construction Conference, Malmo. NZS 3404 1997/2001/2007 Steel Structures Standard Incorporating Amendments 1 and 2, Standards New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.