Possible-Word Constraints in Cantonese Speech Segmentation
Tóm tắt
A Cantonese syllable-spotting experiment was conducted to examine whether the Possible-Word Constraint (PWC), proposed by Norris, McQueen, Cutler, and Butterfield (1997), can apply in Cantonese speech segmentation. In the experiment, listeners were asked to spot out the target Cantonese syllable from a series of nonsense sound strings. Results suggested that listeners found it more difficult to spot out the target syllable [k
$$\mathcal{D}$$
m1] in the nonsense sound strings that attached with a single consonant [tk
$$\mathcal{D}$$
m1] than in the nonsense sound strings that attached either with a vowel [a:k
$$\mathcal{D}$$
m1] or a pseudo-syllable [khow1k
$$\mathcal{D}$$
m1]. Finally, the current set of results further supported that the PWC appears to be a language-universal mechanism in segmenting continuous speech.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bertelson, P., Chen, H-C., and de Gelder, B. (1997). Explicit speech analysis and orthographic experience in Chinese readers. In H-C. Chen (Ed.), Cognitive Processing of Chinese and Related Asian languages (pp. 27-46). Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
Chen, H. C. (1996). Chinese reading and comprehension: A cognitive psychology perspective. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), Handbook of Chinese Psychology (pp. 43-62). Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
Cohen, J. D., MacWhinney, B., Flatt, M., and Provost, J. (1993). PsyScope: A new graphic interactive environment for designing psychology experiments. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 25, 257-271.
Cutler, A. (2001). Listening to a second language through the ears of a first. Interpreting, 5, 1-18.
Cutler, A., and Carter, D. M. (1987). The predominance of strong initial syllables in the English vocabulary. Computer Speech and Language, 2, 133-142.
Cutler, A., and Chen, H-C. (1997). Lexical tone in Cantonese spoken-word processing. Perception and Psychophysics, 59, 165-179.
Cutler, A., and Norris, D. (1988). The role of strong syllables in segmentation for lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 14, 113-121.
Cutler, A., and Otake, T. (1994). Mora or phoneme? Further evidence for language-specific listening. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 824-844.
Cutler, A., Demuth, K., and McQueen, J. M. (2002). Universality versus language-specificity in listening to running speech. Psychological Science, 13, 258-262.
Cutler, A., McQueen, J. M., Norris, D., and Somejuan, A. (2001). The roll of the silly ball. In E. Dupoux (Ed.), Language, Brain and Cognitive Development: Essays in Honor of Jacques Mehler (pp. 181-194). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cutler, A., Mehler, J., Norris, D., and Segui, J. (1986). The syllable’s differing role in the segmentation of French and English. Journal of Memory & Language, 25, 385-400.
Hoosain, R. (1992). Psychological reality of the word in Chinese. In H-C. Chen and O. J. L. Tzeng (Eds.), Language Processing in Chinese (pp. 111-130). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Kao, D. (1971). Structure of the Syllable in Cantonese. The Hague: Mouton.
Li, P., and Yip, M. (1998). Context effects and the processing of spoken homophones. Reading and Writing, 10, 223-243.
McQueen, J. M. (1996). Word spotting. Language and Cognitive Processes, 11, 695-699.
McQueen, J. M. (1998). Segmentation of continuous speech using phonotactics. Journal of Memory & Language, 39, 21-46.
McQueen, J. M., and Cutler, A. (2001). Spoken word access processes: An introduction. Language and Cognitive Processes, 16, 469-490.
McQueen, J. M., Otake, T., and Cutler, A. (2001). Rhythmic cues and possible-word constraints in Japanese speech segmentation. Journal of Memory and Language, 45, 103-132.
Norris, D. (1994). Shortlist: A connectionist model of continuous speech recognition. Cognition, 52, 189-234.
Norris, D., McQueen, J. M., Cutler, A., and Butterfield, S. (1997). The possible-word constraint in the segmentation of continuous speech. Cognitive Psychology, 34, 191-243.
Norris, D., McQueen, J. M., Cutler, A., Butterfield, S., and Kearns, R. (2001). Language-universal constraints on speech segmentation. Language and Cognitive Processes, 16, 637-660.
Suomi, K., McQueen, J. M., and Cutler, A. (1997). Vowel harmony and speech segmentation in Finnish. Journal of Memory & Language, 36, 422-444.
van der Lugt, A. (2001). The use of sequential probabilities in the segmentation of speech. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 811-823.
Weber, A. (2000). The role of phonotactics in the segmentation of native and non-native continuous speech. In Proceedings of the SWAP (Workshop on Spoken Word Access Processes) (pp. 143-146). Nijmegen: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.
Yip, M. (2000). Recognition of spoken words in continuous speech: Effects of transitional probability. In B. Yuan, T. Huang, and X. Tang (Eds.), Proceedings of the ICSLP’2000, (pp. 758-761). Beijing: China Military Friendship Publish.
Yip, M., and Chen, H-C. (2002). The use of probabilistic phonotactics in Cantonese speech segmentation. (manuscript in preparation).
Zhou, X., and Marslen-Wilson, W. (1994). Words, morphemes and syllables in the Chinese mental lexicon. Language & Cognitive Processes, 9, 393-422.
Zhou, X., and Marslen-Wilson, W. (1995). Morphological structure in the Chinese mental lexicon. Language & Cognitive Processes, 10, 545-600.