Porous fixed-bed photoreactor for boosting C–C coupling in photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Ozin, 2020, How to make an efficient gas-phase heterogeneous CO2 hydrogenation photocatalyst, Energy Environ. Sci., 13, 3054, 10.1039/D0EE01124J Liu, 2022, Regulating the ∗OCCHO intermediate pathway towards highly selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH3CHO over locally crystallized carbon nitride, Energy Environ. Sci., 15, 225, 10.1039/D1EE02073K Das, 2021, Systematic assessment of solvent selection in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, ACS Energy Lett., 6, 3270, 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01522 Wageh, 2021, S-Scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for CO2 photoreduction, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin., 37 Li, 2021, Recent advances in surface-modified g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for H2 production and CO2 reduction, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin., 37 Liu, 2022, Photoelectrochemical technology for solar fuel generation, from single photoelectrodes to unassisted cells: a review, Environ. Chem. Lett., 20, 1169, 10.1007/s10311-021-01364-y Zhou, 2018, Comparative analysis of solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency: a direct, one-step electrochemical CO2 reduction reactor versus a two-step, cascade electrochemical CO2 reduction reactor, ACS Energy Lett., 3, 1892, 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01077 Ben-Naim, 2020, Addressing the stability gap in photoelectrochemistry: molybdenum disulfide protective catalysts for tandem III-V unassisted solar water splitting, ACS Energy Lett., 5, 2631, 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132 Rao, 2017, Visible-light-driven methane formation from CO2 with a molecular iron catalyst, Nature, 548, 74, 10.1038/nature23016 Guo, 2022, Ni single-atom sites supported on carbon aerogel for highly efficient electroreduction of carbon dioxide with industrial current densities, eScience, 2, 295, 10.1016/j.esci.2022.03.007 Yuan, 2015, Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into value-added and renewable fuels, Appl. Surf. Sci., 342, 154, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.03.050 Pan, 2017, Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by carbon-coated Indium-Oxide nanobelts, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139, 4123, 10.1021/jacs.7b00266 Li, 2014, Design and fabrication of semiconductor photocatalyst for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to solar fuel, Sci. China Mater., 57, 70, 10.1007/s40843-014-0003-1 Zhu, 2022, Enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction over 2D/1D BiOBr0.5Cl0.5/WO3 S-scheme heterostructure, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin., 38 Wang, 2020, Solar-heating boosted catalytic reduction of CO2 under full-solar spectrum, Chin. J. Catal., 41, 131, 10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63393-0 Wang, 2020, Step-scheme CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite hollow microsphere with enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 56, 143, 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.02.062 Han, 2021, Cooperative syngas production and C-N bond formation in one photoredox cycle, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 133, 8041, 10.1002/ange.202015756 Wan, 2019, Cu2O nanocubes with mixed oxidation-state facets for (photo)catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, Nat. Catal., 2, 889, 10.1038/s41929-019-0338-z Wang, 2022, Photo-enhanced thermal catalytic CO2 methanation activity and stability over oxygen-deficient Ru/TiO2 with exposed TiO2 {001} facets: adjusting photogenerated electron behaviors by metal-support interactions, Chin. J. Catal., 43, 391, 10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63825-1 Reyes, 2020, Managing hydration at the cathode enables efficient CO2 electrolysis at commercially relevant current densities, ACS Energy Lett., 5, 1612, 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00637 Liberman, 2020, Active-Site modulation in an Fe-porphyrin-based metal-organic framework through ligand axial coordination: accelerating electrocatalysis and charge-transport kinetics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 142, 1933, 10.1021/jacs.9b11355 Fu, 2020, Product selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions, Mater. Today, 32, 222, 10.1016/j.mattod.2019.06.009 Shehzad, 2018, A critical review on TiO2 based photocatalytic CO2 reduction system: strategies to improve efficiency, J. CO2 Util., 26, 98, 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.04.026 Shoji, 2020, Photocatalytic uphill conversion of natural gas beyond the limitation of thermal reaction systems, Nat. Catal., 3, 148, 10.1038/s41929-019-0419-z Li, 2020, Thermal coupled photoconductivity as a tool to understand the photothermal catalytic reduction of CO2, Chin. J. Catal., 41, 154, 10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63475-3 Qi, 2022, Photoredox coupling of benzyl alcohol oxidation with CO2 reduction over CdS/TiO2 heterostructure under visible light irradiation, Appl. Catal. B, 307, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121158 Cheng, 2022, Copper and platinum dual-single-atoms supported on crystalline graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction, Chin. J. Catal., 43, 451, 10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63879-2 Cheng, 2021, Structural engineering of 3D hierarchical Cd0.8Zn0.2S for selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction, Chin. J. Catal., 42, 131, 10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63623-3 Fei, 2021, 2D/2D black phosphorus/g-C3N4 S-Scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for CO2 reduction investigated using DFT calculations, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin., 37 Liu, 2022, Construction of Z-scheme In2S3-TiO2 for CO2 reduction under concentrated natural sunlight[J], Chin. J. Struct. Chem., 41, 34 Xu, 2021, Enhanced CO2 electrolysis with metal-oxide interface structures, Chin. J. Struct. Chem., 40, 31 Xu, 2019, Graphdiyne: a new photocatalytic CO2 reduction cocatalyst, Adv. Funct. Mater., 29, 10.1002/adfm.201904256 Wu, 2019, Facet-dependent active sites of a single Cu2O particle photocatalyst for CO2 reduction to methanol, Nat. Energy, 4, 957, 10.1038/s41560-019-0490-3 Li, 2021, Nanostructured metal phosphides: from controllable synthesis to sustainable catalysis, Chem. Soc. Rev., 50, 7539, 10.1039/D1CS00323B Chen, 2018, Surface strategies for particulate photocatalysts toward artificial photosynthesis, Joule, 2, 2260, 10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.030 Sun, 2020, 3D porous Cu-NPs/g-C3N4 foam with excellent CO2 adsorption and Schottky junction effect for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, Appl. Surf. Sci., 504, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144347 Albero, 2020, Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products, ACS Catal., 10, 5734, 10.1021/acscatal.0c00478 Li, 2019, Three-phase photocatalysis for the enhanced selectivity and activity of CO2 reduction on a hydrophobic surface, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 58, 14549, 10.1002/anie.201908058 Xia, 2020, Improving artificial photosynthesis over carbon nitride by gas-liquid-solid interface management for full light-induced CO2 reduction to C1 and C2 fuels and O2, ChemSusChem, 13, 1730, 10.1002/cssc.201903515 Liu, 2016, Photocatalytic hydrogen production using twinned nanocrystals and an unanchored NiSx co-catalyst, Nat. Energy, 1, 10.1038/nenergy.2016.151 Liu, 2013, Twin-induced one-dimensional homojunctions yield high quantum efficiency for solar hydrogen generation, Nat. Commun., 4, 2278, 10.1038/ncomms3278 Jeong, 2020, Atomic-scale spacing between copper facets for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, Adv. Energy Mater., 10 Ding, 2020, CO2 hydrogenation to ethanol over Cu@Na-Beta, Chem, 6, 2673, 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.07.001 Ma, 2020, Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper, Nat. Catal., 3, 478, 10.1038/s41929-020-0450-0 Kreft, 2019, Improving selectivity and activity of CO2 reduction photocatalysts with oxygen, Chem, 5, 1818, 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.04.006 Yan, 2018, Photo-generated dinuclear {Eu(II)}2 active sites for selective CO2 reduction in a photosensitizing metal-organic framework, Nat. Commun., 9, 3353, 10.1038/s41467-018-05659-7 Lu, 2020, Rationally designed transition metal hydroxide nanosheet arrays on graphene for artificial CO2 reduction, Nat. Commun., 11, 5181, 10.1038/s41467-020-18944-1 Chen, 2020, Enhanced catalytic reaction at an air-liquid-solid triphase interface, Chem. Sci., 11, 3124, 10.1039/C9SC06505A Shi, 2020, Efficient wettability-controlled electroreduction of CO2 to CO at Au/C interfaces, Nat. Commun., 11, 3028, 10.1038/s41467-020-16847-9 Tan, 2020, Modulating local CO2 concentration as a general strategy for enhancing C–C coupling in CO2 electroreduction, Joule, 4, 1104, 10.1016/j.joule.2020.03.013 Singh, 2017, Mechanistic insights into electrochemical reduction of CO2 over Ag using density functional theory and transport models, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, E8812, 10.1073/pnas.1713164114 Xie, 2021, Photocatalytic and electrocatalytic transformations of C1 molecules involving C–C coupling, Energy, Environ. Sci., 14, 37 Chen, 2020, MOF-templated preparation of highly dispersed Co/Al2O3 composite as the photothermal catalyst with high solar-to-fuel efficiency for CO2 methanation, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 12, 39304, 10.1021/acsami.0c11576 Wang, 2021, Unravelling the CC coupling in CO2 photocatalytic reduction with H2O on Au/TiO2-x: combination of plasmonic excitation and oxygen vacancy, Appl. Catal. B, 292, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120147 Li, 2019, Cocatalysts for selective photoreduction of CO2 into solar fuels, Chem. Rev., 119, 3962, 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00400 Huo, 2021, Amine-modified S-scheme porous g-C3N4/CdSe-diethylenetriamine composite with enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 4, 956, 10.1021/acsaem.0c02896 Feaster, 2017, Understanding selectivity for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid and carbon monoxide on metal electrodes, ACS Catal., 7, 4822, 10.1021/acscatal.7b00687 Lin, 2021, Numerical study of flow reversal during bubble growth and confinement of flow boiling in microchannels, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran., 177, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121491 Lafmejani, 2017, VOF modelling of gas-liquid flow in PEM water electrolysis cell micro-channels, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 42, 16333, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.05.079