Population‐based analysis of health care contacts among suicide decedents: identifying opportunities for more targeted suicide prevention strategies

World Psychiatry - Tập 15 Số 2 - Trang 135-145 - 2016
Ayal Schaffer1,2, Mark Sinyor1,2, Paul Kurdyak2,3, Simone N. Vigod4,2, Jitender Sareen5,6, Catherine Reis1, Diane Green7, James M. Bolton8,9, Anne E. Rhodes10,7,11,12, Sophie Grigoriadis1,2, John Cairney13, Amy Cheung1,2
1Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
2Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
3Health Systems Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Canada
4Department of Psychiatry, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
5Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Adult Mental Health Program Winnipeg Canada
6Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Adult Mental Health ProgramWinnipeg Canada
7Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
8Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
9Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg Canada
10Department of Psychiatry and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
11McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
12Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Canada
13Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

Tóm tắt

The objective of this study was to detail the nature and correlates of mental health and non‐mental health care contacts prior to suicide death. We conducted a systematic extraction of data from records at the Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario of each person who died by suicide in the city of Toronto from 1998 to 2011. Data on 2,835 suicide deaths were linked with provincial health administrative data to identify health care contacts during the 12 months prior to suicide. Sub‐populations of suicide decedents based on the presence and type of mental health care contact were described and compared across socio‐demographic, clinical and suicide‐specific variables. Time periods from last mental health contact to date of death were calculated and a Cox proportional hazards model examined covariates. Among suicide decedents, 91.7% had some type of past‐year health care contact prior to death, 66.4% had a mental health care contact, and 25.3% had only non‐mental health contacts. The most common type of mental health contact was an outpatient primary care visit (54.0%), followed by an outpatient psychiatric visit (39.8%), an emergency department visit (31.1%), and a psychiatric hospitalization (21.0%). The median time from last mental health contact to death was 18 days (interquartile range 5‐63). Mental health contact was significantly associated with female gender, age 25‐64, absence of a psychosocial stressor, diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, past suicide attempt, self‐poisoning method and absence of a suicide note. Significant differences between sub‐populations of suicide decedents based on the presence and nature of their health care contacts suggest the need for targeting of community and clinical‐based suicide prevention strategies. The predominance of ambulatory mental health care contacts, often close to the time of death, reinforce the importance of concentrating efforts on embedding risk assessment and care pathways into all routine primary and specialty clinical care, and not only acute care settings.

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World Psychiatry

Tập 15 Số 2

135-145

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