Pond water is the principal source of algae that form a symbiosis with embryos of the spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum: an experimental test
Tóm tắt
The unicellular green alga Oophila amblystomatis forms a symbiosis with embryos of the spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum. The discovery of intracellular invasion of some host cells by the symbiont has raised questions about benefits for the symbiont or the host, including the possibility of vertical symbiont transmission. To determine the provenance of algal cells that reproduce inside individual egg capsules I collected female salamanders from two different ponds in 2019 and 2021 and induced them to oviposit in custom-manufactured bins containing either autoclaved or non-autoclaved pond water. In both years, algae accumulated in all egg masses oviposited in non-autoclaved water. In 2019 no algae accumulated in egg masses oviposited in autoclaved water and in 2021 a few egg capsules in two egg masses from two different bins accumulated algae near the end of the experiment. For the 2021 experiment, I used PCR with Oophila-specific primers and PacBio sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene to confirm that green egg capsules contained Oophila sp; there was no evidence of algal DNA in capsules from egg masses having no visible algae. These results support previous evidence that algae are derived from pond water, but the appearance of algae in 2021 in egg masses laid in autoclaved water suggests that additional sources of algae are possible.
Tài liệu tham khảo
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