Polyphenols: Potential source of drugs for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease

Alam, 2013, Ferulic acid improves cardiovascular and kidney structure and function in hypertensive rats, J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 61, 240, 10.1097/FJC.0b013e31827cb600 Beretta, 2009, Anti-ischemic activity and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect of hydrolysable tannins from the leaves of Rhus coriaria (Sumac) in isolated rabbit heart and thoracic aorta, Planta Med, 75, 1482, 10.1055/s-0029-1185797 Bice, 2016, Nitric oxide treatments as adjuncts to reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review of experimental and clinical studies, Basic Res Cardiol, 111, 1, 10.1007/s00395-016-0540-y Bonetti, 2003, Enhanced external counterpulsation for ischemic heart disease: What's behind the curtain?, J Am Coll Cardiol, 41, 1918, 10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00428-5 Busse, 1984, Flavonoid modulation of human neutrophil function, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 73, 801, 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90450-0 Cao, 2009, Metabolism of protocatechuic acid influences fatty acid oxidation in rat heart: New anti-angina mechanism implication, Biochem Pharmacol, 77, 1096, 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.11.029 Carrizzo, 2013, Antioxidant effects of resveratrol in cardiovascular, cerebral and metabolic diseases, Food Chem Toxicol, 61, 215, 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.021 Chang, 2013, Baicalein preconditioning protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia–reperfusion injury via mitochondrial oxidant signaling, Am J Chin Med, 41, 315, 10.1142/S0192415X13500237 Charles, 2013, Polyphenols prevent ageing-related impairment in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function through decreased reactive oxygen species production, Exp Physiol, 98, 536, 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.067496 Chen, 2006, Salvianolic acid B attenuates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in vitro in LPS-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells and in vivo in the apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse aorta, J Cell Biochem, 98, 618, 10.1002/jcb.20793 Chen, 2009, Resveratrol protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis through the SIRT1-FoxO1 pathway, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 378, 389, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.11.110 Crescente, 2009, Interactions of gallic acid, resveratrol, quercetin and aspirin at the platelet cyclooxygenase-1 level-functional and modelling studies, Thromb Haemost, 102, 336, 10.1160/TH09-01-0057 Csiszar, 2008, Vasoprotective effects of resveratrol and SIRT1: Attenuation of cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and proinflammatory phenotypic alterations, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 294, H2721, 10.1152/ajpheart.00235.2008 Dal-Ros, 2012, Red wine polyphenols improve an established aging-related endothelial dysfunction in the mesenteric artery of middle-aged rats: Role of oxidative stress, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 419, 381, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.031 Das, 2005, Pharmacological preconditioning with resveratrol: Role of CREB-dependent Bcl-2 signaling via adenosine A3 receptor activation, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 288, H328, 10.1152/ajpheart.00453.2004 Du, 1995, Protective effect of salvianolic acid A on ischemia–reperfusion induced injury in isolated rat heart, Yao Xue Xue Bao, 30, 731 Du, 2013, SMND-309 promotes angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through activating erythropoietin receptor/STAT3/VEGF pathways, Eur J Pharmacol, 700, 173, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.013 Duarte, 2015, Cardiovascular protection by flavonoids. Pharmacokinetic mystery, Ars Pharma, 56, 193, 10.4321/S2340-98942015000400002 El Haouari, 2011, Modulation of platelet function and signaling by flavonoids, Mini Rev Med Chem, 11, 131, 10.2174/138955711794519537 Estevinho, 2008, Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of phenolic compounds extracts of Northeast Portugal honey, Food Chem Toxicol, 46, 3774, 10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.062 Fan, 2010, Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of salvianolic acid A, Thromb Res, 126, e17, 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.04.006 Figtree, 2000, Plant-derived estrogens relax coronary arteries in vitro by a calcium antagonistic mechanism, J Am Coll Cardiol, 35, 1977, 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00645-8 Fitzpatrick, 1993, Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing activity of wine and other grape products, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 265, H774, 10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.2.H774 Frombaum, 2011, Piceatannol is more effective than resveratrol in restoring endothelial cell dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase expression and activity after high-glucose oxidative stress, Free Radic Res, 45, 293, 10.3109/10715762.2010.527337 Goszcz, 2015, Antioxidants in cardiovascular therapy: Panacea or false hope?, Front Cardiovasc Med, 2, 29, 10.3389/fcvm.2015.00029 Gryglewski, 1987, On the mechanism of antithrombotic action of flavonoids, Biochem Pharmacol, 36, 317, 10.1016/0006-2952(87)90288-7 Guo, 1996, Protective effects of API0134 on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, J Tongji Med Univ, 16, 193, 10.1007/BF02888103 Gutierrez-Venegas, 2010, The flavonoids luteolin and quercetagetin inhibit lipoteichoic acid actions on H9c2 cardiomyocytes, Int Immunopharmacol, 10, 1003, 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.05.012 Hara, 2011, Tea catechins and their applications as supplements and pharmaceutics, Pharmacol Res, 64, 100, 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.018 Harasym, 2014, Effect of fruit and vegetable antioxidants on total antioxidant capacity of blood plasma, Nutrition, 30, 511, 10.1016/j.nut.2013.08.019 Haskó, 2010, Endothelial Nrf2 activation: A new target for resveratrol?, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 299, H10, 10.1152/ajpheart.00436.2010 Holmes-McNary, 2000, Chemopreventive properties of trans-resveratrol are associated with inhibition of activation of the IκB kinase, Cancer Res, 60, 3477 Hu, 2013, Resveratrol attenuates left ventricular remodeling in old rats with COPD induced by cigarette smoke exposure and LPS instillation, Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 91, 1044, 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0464 Huang, 2010, Salvianolic acid A inhibits platelet activation and arterial thrombosis via inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, J Thromb Haemost, 8, 1383, 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03859.x Idris Khodja, 2012, Grape-derived polyphenols improve aging-related endothelial dysfunction in rat mesenteric artery: Role of oxidative stress and the angiotensin system, PLoS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0032039 Iwashina, 2000, The structure and distribution of the flavonoids in plants, J Plant Res, 113, 287, 10.1007/PL00013940 Janssen, 1998, Effects of the flavonoids quercetin and apigenin on hemostasis in healthy volunteers: Results from an in vitro and a dietary supplement study, Am J Clin Nutr, 67, 255, 10.1093/ajcn/67.2.255 Jiang, 2010, Cytoprotection by natural and synthetic polyphenols in the heart: Novel mechanisms and perspectives, Curr Pharm Des, 16, 4103, 10.2174/138161210794519174 Jin, 2008, Anti-apoptotic effect of magnolol in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury requires extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 pathways in rat in vivo, Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 233, 1280, 10.3181/0803-RM-79 Kaga, 2005, Resveratrol enhances neovascularization in the infarcted rat myocardium through the induction of thioredoxin-1, heme oxygenase-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor, J Mol Cell Cardiol, 39, 813, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2005.08.003 Kakkar, 2014, A review on protocatechuic acid and its pharmacological potential, ISRN Pharmacol, 952943 Karmin, 2001, Magnesium tanshinoate B (MTB) inhibits low density lipoprotein oxidation, Life Sci, 68, 903, 10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00989-9 Klinge, 2008, Resveratrol stimulates nitric oxide production by increasing estrogen receptor α-Src-caveolin-1 interaction and phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, FASEB J, 22, 2185, 10.1096/fj.07-103366 Kuhlmann, 2005, Quercetin-induced induction of the NO/cGMP pathway depends on Ca2+-activated K+ channel-induced hyperpolarization-mediated Ca2+-entry into cultured human endothelial cells, Planta Med, 71, 520, 10.1055/s-2005-864152 Kumaran, 2010, Protective effect of caffeic acid on cardiac markers and lipid peroxide metabolism in cardiotoxic rats: an in vivo and in vitro study, Metabolism, 59, 1172, 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.11.010 Lee, 2012, Polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin gallate-induced cardioprotection may attenuate ischemia–reperfusion injury through adenosine receptor activation: A preliminary study, Korean J Anesthesiol, 63, 340, 10.4097/kjae.2012.63.4.340 Lee, 2014, Salvianolic acid B inhibits atherogenesis of vascular cells through induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1, Curr Med Chem, 21, 3095, 10.2174/0929867321666140601195940 Lekli, 2010, Co-ordinated autophagy with resveratrol and gamma-tocotrienol confers synergetic cardioprotection, J Cell Mol Med, 14, 2506, 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00921.x Li, 2013, Pinocembrin inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction via suppression of the increase of [Ca2+]i and ERK1/2 activation through blocking AT1R in the rat aorta, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 435, 69, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.039 Li, 2012, Cardiovascular effects and molecular targets of resveratrol, Nitric Oxide, 26, 102, 10.1016/j.niox.2011.12.006 Li, 2015, Resveratrol attenuates inflammation in the rat heart subjected to ischemia–reperfusion: Role of the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, Mol Med Rep, 11, 1120 Li, 2007, Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion of depside salts from Salvia miltiorrhiza in rats, Drug Metab Dispos, 35, 234, 10.1124/dmd.106.013045 Li, 2004, Inhibition of shear-induced platelet aggregation in rat by tetramethylpyrazine and salvianolic acid B, Clin Hemorheol Microcirc, 31, 97 Lin, 2007, Salvianolic acid B attenuates MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in vivo in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse aorta and in vitro in LPS-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells, J Cell Biochem, 100, 372, 10.1002/jcb.21042 López-López, 2004, Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging and NO protecting effects of quercetin and their biological significance in vascular smooth muscle, Mol Pharmacol, 65, 851, 10.1124/mol.65.4.851 Lorenz, 2004, A constituent of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase by a phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase-, cAMP-dependent protein kinase-, and Akt-dependent pathway and leads to endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, J Biol Chem, 279, 6190, 10.1074/jbc.M309114200 Lu, 2010, Resveratrol differentially modulates inflammatory responses of microglia and astrocytes, J Neuroinflammation, 7, 46, 10.1186/1742-2094-7-46 MacAllister, 1996, Regulation of nitric oxide synthesis by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, Br J Pharmacol, 119, 1533, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16069.x Manna, 2000, Resveratrol suppresses TNF-induced activation of nuclear transcription factors NF-kappa B, activator protein-1, and apoptosis: potential role of reactive oxygen intermediates and lipid peroxidation, J Immunol, 164, 6509, 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6509 Mattagajasingh, 2007, SIRT1 promotes endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 14855, 10.1073/pnas.0704329104 Morselli, 2010, Caloric restriction and resveratrol promote longevity through the Sirtuin-1-dependent induction of autophagy, Cell Death Dis, 1, 10.1038/cddis.2009.8 Nicholson, 2010, Physiological concentrations of dietary polyphenols regulate vascular endothelial cell expression of genes important in cardiovascular health, Br J Nutr, 103, 1398, 10.1017/S0007114509993485 Pan, 2011, Salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA attenuate myocardial ischemia injury in mice by NO production through multiple pathways, Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis, 5, 99, 10.1177/1753944710396538 Peluso, 2006, Flavonoids attenuate cardiovascular disease, inhibit phosphodiesterase, and modulate lipid homeostasis in adipose tissue and liver, Exp Biol Med, 231, 1287, 10.1177/153537020623100802 Pignatelli, 2006, Polyphenols enhance platelet nitric oxide by inhibiting protein kinase C-dependent NADPH oxidase activation: Effect on platelet recruitment, FASEB J, 20, 1082, 10.1096/fj.05-5269com Potenza, 2007, EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, improves endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, reduces blood pressure, and protects against myocardial I/R injury in SHR, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 292, E1378, 10.1152/ajpendo.00698.2006 Raj, 2015, An overview of the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of ischemic heart disease, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1348, 55, 10.1111/nyas.12828 Raja, 2012, Veratric acid ameliorates hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in Wistar rats fed an atherogenic diet, Mol Cell Biochem, 366, 21, 10.1007/s11010-012-1278-y Rasul, 2013, Pinocembrin: a novel natural compound with versatile pharmacological and biological activities, BioMed Res Int, 2013, 379850, 10.1155/2013/379850 Romero, 2009, Quercetin inhibits vascular superoxide production induced by endothelin-1: Role of NADPH oxidase, uncoupled eNOS and PKC, Atherosclerosis, 202, 58, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.03.007 Ruckstuhl, 1979, Flavonoids are selective cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Biochem Pharmacol, 28, 535, 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90249-1 Sabe, 2014, Resveratrol regulates autophagy signaling in chronically ischemic myocardium, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 147, 792, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.06.062 Sampath, 2009, Mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and regulation of eNOS expression during experimental myocardial necrosis by alpha-mangostin, a xanthonic derivative from Garcinia mangostana, Drug Chem Toxicol, 32, 344, 10.1080/01480540903159210 Schussler, 1995, Functional and antiischaemic effects of monoacetyl-vitexinrhamnoside in different in vitro models, Gen Pharmacol, 26, 1565, 10.1016/0306-3623(95)00051-8 Shen, 2012, Quercetin and its metabolites improve vessel function by inducing eNOS activity via phosphorylation of AMPK, Biochem Pharmacol, 84, 1036, 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.016 Sheng, 2007, EGCG inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress in rats, Acta Pharmacol Sin, 28, 191, 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00495.x Sheng, 2010, Epigallocatechin gallate protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against hydrogen dioxides-induced apoptosis and telomere attrition, Eur J Pharmacol, 641, 199, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.05.054 Song, 2014, Inhibition of 12/15 lipoxygenase by baicalein reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulation of multiple signaling pathways, Apoptosis, 19, 567, 10.1007/s10495-013-0946-z Sui, 2015, The key points of report on cardiovascular disease in China, Chin J Hypertens, 23, 627 Sun, 2012, Luteolin limits infarct size and improves cardiac function after myocardium ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats, PLoS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0033491 Sun, 2012, Salvianolic acid a inhibits PDGF-BB induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation while does not constrain endothelial cell proliferation and nitric oxide biosynthesis, Molecules, 17, 3333, 10.3390/molecules17033333 Takagaki, 2015, Effects of metabolites produced from (−)-epigallocatechin gallate by rat intestinal bacteria on angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, J Agric Food Chem, 63, 8262, 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03676 Tang, 2006, Epigallocatechin gallate preserves endothelial function by reducing the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor level, Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 84, 163, 10.1139/y05-156 Thirunavukkarasu, 2007, Resveratrol alleviates cardiac dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetes: Role of nitric oxide, thioredoxin, and heme oxygenase, Free Radic Biol Med, 43, 720, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.004 Tribolo, 2013, Human metabolic transformation of quercetin blocks its capacity to decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and endothelin-1 secretion by human endothelial cells, J Agric Food Chem, 61, 8589, 10.1021/jf402511c Ungvari, 2010, Resveratrol confers endothelial protection via activation of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 299, H18, 10.1152/ajpheart.00260.2010 van der Schouw, 2002, Higher usual dietary intake of phytoestrogens is associated with lower aortic stiffness in postmenopausal women, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 22, 1316, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000027176.83618.1A Wallerath, 2002, Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in red wine, enhances expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Circulation, 106, 1652, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000029925.18593.5C Wang, 2009, Cardioprotective effect of salvianolic acid A on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats, Eur J Pharmacol, 615, 125, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.061 Wang, 2009, Effect of salvianolic acid A on vascular reactivity of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Life Sci, 85, 499, 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.07.018 Wang, 2010, Anti-inflammatory activity of salvianolic acid B in microglia contributes to its neuroprotective effect, Neurochem Res, 35, 1029, 10.1007/s11064-010-0151-1 Wang, 2013, Salvianolic acid B induces apoptosis in human glioma U87 cells through p38-mediated ROS generation, Cell Mol Neurobiol, 33, 921, 10.1007/s10571-013-9958-z Wang, 2010, Salvianolic acid B prevents epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through the TGF-β1 signal transduction pathway in vivo and in vitro, BMC Cell Biol, 11, 10.1186/1471-2121-11-31 Wang, 2013, EETs mediate cardioprotection of salvianolic acids through MAPK signaling pathway, Acta Pharm Sin B, 3, 25, 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.12.006 Wang, 1997, Effects of Andrographis paniculata component on nitric oxide, endothelin and lipid peroxidation in experimental atheroscierotic rabbits [J], Chin J Integr Tradit West Med, 17, 547 Wright, 2010, A structural basis for the inhibition of collagen-stimulated platelet function by quercetin and structurally related flavonoids, Br J Pharmacol, 159, 1312, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00632.x Wu, 2007, Effect of EGb and quercetin on culture neonatal rat cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and mechanism, Chin J Appl Physiol, 23, 138 Wu, 2008, Salvianolic acid B inhibits platelet adhesion under conditions of flow by a mechanism involving the collagen receptor α2β1, Thromb Res, 123, 298, 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.05.020 Xie, 2015, SalA attenuates hypoxia-induced endothelial endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via down-regulation of VLDL receptor expression, Cell Physiol Biochem, 35, 17, 10.1159/000369671 Xin, 2014, Research progress on pharmacological actions and mechanism of baicalein and baicalin, Curr Opin Complement Alternat Med, 1 Xu, 2007, The relaxant effect of curcumin on porcine coronary arterial ring segments, Vascul Pharmacol, 47, 25, 10.1016/j.vph.2007.03.003 Xu, 2015, Salvianolic acid B inhibits platelets-mediated inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells, Thromb Res, 135, 137, 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.10.034 Yang, 2008, Effects of salvianolic acid B on cardiovascular endothelial cells and platelet activation in a rabbit model of ischemia–reperfusion, Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 6, 1250, 10.3736/jcim20081208 Yang, 2011, Salvianolic acid A protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction in high-fat diet fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, J Asian Nat Prod Res, 13, 884, 10.1080/10286020.2011.598457 Yao, 2011, Biological potential of sixteen legumes in China, Int J Mol Sci, 12, 7048, 10.3390/ijms12107048 Yao, 2004, Biol Pharm Bull, 27, 198, 10.1248/bpb.27.198 Zhang, 2012, Resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexin, protects cardiomyocytes against anoxia/reoxygenation injury via the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, Int J Mol Med, 29, 557, 10.3892/ijmm.2012.885 Zhang, 2014, Salvianolic acid A protects RPE cells against oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, Free Radic Biol Med, 69, 219, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.025 Zheng, 2015, The effects of age and resveratrol on the hypoxic preconditioning protection against hypoxia–reperfusion injury: studies in rat hearts and human cardiomyocytes, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 48, 375, 10.1093/ejcts/ezu494 Zhu, 2011, Purified anthocyanin supplementation improves endothelial function via NO-cGMP activation in hypercholesterolemic individuals, Clin Chem, 57, 1524, 10.1373/clinchem.2011.167361