Polymerase chain reaction

Mullis KB, Faloona F: Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase catalysed chain reaction. Meth Enzymol 155:335?350, 1987

Saiki R, Scharf S, Faloona F, Mullis K, Horn G, Erlich HA, Arnheim N: Enzymatic amplification of ?-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 230:1350?1354, 1985

Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S, Scharf S, Higuchi RH, Horn GT, Mullis KB, Erlich HA: Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239:487?491, 1988

Scharf SJ, Horn GT, Erlich HA: Direct cloning and sequence analysis of enzymatically amplified genomic sequences. Science 223:1076?1078, 1986

Jeffreys AJ, Wilson V, Newmann R, Keyte J: Amplification of human minisatellites by the polymerase chain reaction: Towards DNA fingerprinting of single cells. Nucleic Acids Res 16:10953?10971, 1988

Fucharoen S, Fucharoen G, Fucharoen P, Fukumaki Y: A novel ochre mutation in the ?-thalassemia gene of a Thai. J Biol Chem 264:7780?7783, 1987

Tindall KR, Kunkel TA: Fidelity of DNA synthesis by theThermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. Biochemistry 27:6008?6013, 1988

Gelfand D:Taq DNA polymerase.In PCR Technology: Principles and Applications of DNA Amplification, H Erlich (ed). New York, Stockton Press, 1989, pp 17?22

Saiki RK, Bugawan TL, Horn GT, Mullis KB, Erlich HA: Analysis of enzymatically amplified ?-globin and HLA-DQ? DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Nature 324:163?166, 1986

Bugawan TL, Saiki RK, Levenson CH, Watson RM, Erlich HA: The use of non-radioactive oligonucleotide probes to analyze enzymatically amplified DNA for prenatal diagnosis and forensic HLA typing. Bio/Technology 6:943?947, 1988

Li H, Gyllensten UB, Cui X, Saiki RK, Erlich HA, Arnheim N: Amplification and analysis of DNA sequences in single human sperm and diploid cells. Nature 335:414?417, 1988

Lench N, Stanier P, Williamson R: Simple non-invasive method to obtain DNA for gene analysis. Lancet 2:1356?1358, 1987

Shibata DK, Martin JW, Arnheim N: Analysis of DNA sequences in forty-year-old paraffin-embedded thin-tissue sections: A bridge between molecular biology and classical histology. Cancer Res 48:4564?4566, 1988

Higuchi R, von Beroldingen CH, Sensabaugh GF, Erlich HA: DNA typing from single hairs. Nature 332:543?546, 1988

Wrischnik LA, Higuchi RG, Stoneking M, Erlich HA, Arnheim N, Wilson AC: Length mutations in human mitochondrial DNA: Direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 15:529?542, 1987

Wong C, Dowling CE, Saiki RK, Higuchi RG, Erlich HA, Kazazian HH Jr: Characterization of beta-thalassemia mutations using direct genomic sequencing of amplified single copy DNA. Nature 330:384?386, 1987

Higuchi R, Krummel B, Saiki RK: A general method of in vitro preparation and specific mutagenesis of DNA fragments: Study of protein and DNA interaction. Nucleic Acids Res 16:7351?7367, 1988

Fischer SG, Lerman LS: DNA fragments differing by single case-pair substitutions are separated in denaturing gradient gels: Correspondence with melting theory. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:1579?1584, 1983

Sheffield VC, Cox DR, Lerman LS, Myers RM: Attachment of a 40-base-pair G+C-rich sequence (GC-clamp) to genomic DNA fragments by the polymerase chain reaction results in improved detection of single-base changes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:232?236, 1989

Almoguera C, Shibata D, Forrester K, Martin J, Arnheim N, Perucho M: Most human carcinomas of the exocrine pancreas contain mutant c-K-ras genes. Cell 53:549?554, 1988

Cotton RG, Rodriguez NR, Campbell RD: Reactivity of cytosine and thymine in single-base-pair mismatches with hydroxylamine and osmium tetroxide and its application to the study of mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:4397?4401, 1988

Trainer GL, Hobbs FW, Livak KJ, Kornher S, Johnson PR, Jensen MA, Korolkoff PN: New methods for labeling nucleic acids with reported groups. J Cell Biochem S13E:289, 1989

Kogan SC, Doherty M, Gitschier J: An improved method for prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases by analysis of amplified DNA sequences. Application to hemophilia A. N Engl J Med 317:985?990, 1987

Horn GT, Richards B, Klinger KW: Amplification of a highly polymorphic VNTR segment by the polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic Acids Res 17:2140, 1989

Weber JL, May PE: Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Hum Genet 44:388?396, 1989

Rappolee AD, Mark D, Banda MJ, Werb Z: Wound macrophages express TGF-alpha and other growth factorsin vivo: Analysis by mRNA phenotyping. Science 241:708?712, 1988

Gilliland G, Perrin S, Franklin H: Quantitative amplification of mRNA using polymerase chain reaction. J Cell Biochem S13E:270, 1989

Sarkar G, Sommer S: Access to a messenger RNA sequence or its protein product is not limited by tissue or species specificity. Science 244:331?334, 1989

Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B: Whole genome PCR: application to the identification of sequences bound by gene regulatory proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 17:3645?3653, 1989

Loh EY, Elliott JF, Cwirla S, Lanier LL, Davis MM: Polymerase chain reaction with single-sided specificity: Analysis of T cell receptor delta chain. Science 243:217?220, 1989

Frohman MA, Duch MK, Martin GR: Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: Amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:8998?9002, 1988

Shyamala V, Ames GF: A procedure for rapid genome walking by polymerase chain reaction. J Cell Biochem SBE:306, 1989

Acha-Orbea H, Mitchell DJ, Timmermann L, Wraith DC, Tausch GS, Waldor MK, Zamvil SS, McDevitt HO, Steinman L: Limited heterogeneity of T-cell receptors from lymphocytes mediating autoimmune encephalomyelitis allows specific immune intervention. Cell 54:263?273, 1988

Urban JL, Kumar V, Kono DH, Gomez C, Horvath SJ, Clayton J, Ando DG, Sercarz EE, Hood L: Restricted use of T cell receptor V genes in murine autoimmune encephalomyelitis raises possibilities for antibody therapy. Cell 54:577?592, 1988

Lee CC, Wu XW, Gibbs RA, Cook RG, Muzny DM, Caskey CT: Generation of cDNA probes directed by amino acid sequence: Cloning of urate oxidase. Science 239:1288?1291, 1988

Mack DH, Sninsky JJ: A sensitive method for the identification of uncharacterized viruses related to known virus groups: hepadnavirus model system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:6977?6981, 1988

Ludecke HJ, Senger G, Claussen U, Horsthemke B: Cloning defined regions of the human genome by microdissection of banded chromosomes and enzymatic amplification. Nature 338:348?350, 1989

Nelson DL, Caskey CT:Alu PCR: The use of repeat sequence primers for amplification of human DNA from complex sources.In PCR Technology: Applications and Principles of DNA Amplification, H Erlich (ed). New York, Stockton Press, 1989, pp 113?118

Triglia T, Peterson MG, Kemp DJ: A procedure forin vitro amplification of DNA segments that lie outside the boundaries of known sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 16:8186, 1988

Ochman H, Gerber AS, Hartl DL: Genetic applications of an inverse polymerase chain reaction. Genetics 120:621?623, 1988

Doetschman T, Maeda N, Smithies O: Targeted mutation of theHprt gene in mouse embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:8583?8587, 1988

Kocher TD, White TJ: Evolutionary analysis via PCR.In PCR Technology: Applications and Principles of DNA Amplification, H Erlich (ed). New York, Stockton Press, 1989, pp 137?147

Embury SH, Scharf SJ, Saiki RK, Gholson MA, Golbus M, Arnheim N, Erlich HA: Rapid prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anemia by a new method of DNA analysis. N Engl J Med 316:656, 1987

Saiki RK, Chang CA, Levenson CH, Warren TC, Boehm CD, Kazazian HH Jr, Erlich HA: Diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and ?-thalassemia with enzymatically amplified DNA and nonradioactive allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. N Engl J Med 319:537?541, 1988

DiLella AG, Marvit J, Lidsky AS, Guttler F, Woo SLC: An amino-acid substitution involved in phenylkeonuria is in linkage disequilibrium with DNA haplotype 2. Nature 327:333?336, 1987

Kazazian HH Jr: Use of PCR in the diagnosis of monogenic disease.In PCR Technology: Applications and Principles of DNA Amplification, H Erlich (ed). New York, Stockton Press, 1989, pp 153?169

Gitschier J, Wood WI, Tuddenham EGD, Shuman MA, Goralka TM, Chen EY, Lawn RM: Detection and sequence of mutations in the factor VIII gene of haemophiliacs. Nature 315:427?430, 1985

Chamberlain JS, Gibbs RA, Ranier JE, Nguyen PN, Caskey CT: Deletion screening of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus via multiplex DNA amplification. Nucleic Acids Res 16:11141?11156, 1988

Feldman G, Williamsen R, Beaudet A, O'Brien W: Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by DNA amplification for detection of KM-19 polymorphism. Lancet 2:102?103, 1988

Riordan JR, Rommens JH, Kereus B, Alon N, Rozmabel R, Grzelczak G, Zielenski J, Lok S, Plavsic N, Chou J, Drumm ML, Lannuzzi MC, Collins FS, Tsui L: Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: Cloning and characterization of complementary, DNA. Science 245:1066?1072, 1989

Saiki R, Walsh PS, Levenson CH, Erlich HA: Genetic analysis of amplified DNA with immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (in press), 1989

Erlich HA, Bugawan TL: HLA class II gene polymorphism: DNA typing, evolution, and relationship to disease susceptibility.In PCR Technology: Applications and Principles of DNA Amplification, H Erlich (ed). New York, Stockton Press, 1989, pp 193?208

Scharf SJ, Friedmann A, Brautbar C, Szafer F, Steinman L, Horn G, Gyllensten U, Erlich HA: HLA class II allelic variation and susceptibility toPemphigus vulgaris. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:3504?3508, 1988

Scharf SJ, Friedmann A, Steinman L, Brautbar C, Erlich HA: Specific HLA-DQß and DRßI alleles confer susceptibility toPemphigus vulgaris. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:6215?6219, 1989

Todd JA, Bell JI, McDevitt HO: HLA-DQ beta gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Nature 329:599?604, 1987

Horn GT, Bugawan TL, Long C, Erlich HA: Allelic sequence variation of the HLA-DQ loci: Relationship to serology and insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:6012?6016, 1988

Sinha AA, Brautbar C, Szafer F, Friedmann A, Tzfoni E, Todd JA, Bell JI, McDevitt HO: A newly characterized HLA-DQ beta allele associated withPemphigus vulgaris. Science 239:1026?1029, 1988

Bugawan T, Angelini G, Larrick J, Auricchio S, Ferrara GB, Erlich HA: A combination of a particular HLA-DPß allele and HLA-DQ heterodimer confers susceptibility to coeliac disease. Nature 339:470?473, 1989

Kagnoff MF, Harwood JI, Bugwan TL, Erlich HA: Structural analysis of the HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP alleles on the celiac disease-associated HLA-DR3 (DRw17) haplotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:6274?6278, 1989

Begovich A, Bugawan TL, Nepom, Klitz W, Nepom, Erlich HA: A specific HLA-DPß allele is associated with pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis but not adult rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (in press), 1989

Erlich HA, Gelfand D, Saiki RK: Specific DNA amplification. Nature 331:461?462, 1988

Bos J: Detection ofras oncogenes using PCR.In PCR Technology: Applications and Principles of DNA Amplification, H Erlich (ed). New York, Stockton Press, 1989, pp 225?233

Crescenzi M, Seto M, Herzig GP, Weiss PD, Griffith RC, Korsmeyer SJ: Thermostable DNA polymerase chain amplification of t(14;18) chromosome breakpoints and detection of minimal residual disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:4869?4873, 1988

Kawasaki ES, Clark SS, Coyne MY, Smith SD, Champlin R, Witte ON, McCormick FP: Diagnosis of chronic myeloid and acute lymphocytic leukemias by detection of leukemiaspecific mRNA sequences amplified in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:5698?5702, 1988

Lee MS, Chang KS, Freireich EJ, Kantarjian HM, Talpaz M, Trujillo JM, Stass SA: Detection and minimal residual bcr/abl transcripts by a modified polymerase chain reaction. Blood 72:893?897, 1988

Price CM, Rassool S, Shivji, MKK, Gow J, Tew CJ, Haworth C, Goldman JM, Wiedemann LM: Rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region and expression of P210 BCR-ABL in a ?masked? Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 72:1829?1832, 1988

Dobrovic A, Trainor J, Morley AA: Detection of the molecular abnormality in chronic myeloid leukemia by use of the polymerase chain reaction. Blood 72:2063?2065, 1988

Hermans A, Selleri L, Gow J, Grosveld GC: Absence of alternative splicing in ber-abl mRNA in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. Blood 72:2066?2069, 1988

Knudson A Jr: Hereditary cancer, oncogenes, and antioncogenes. Cancer Res 45:1437?1447, 1985

Baker SJ, Fearon ER, Nigro JM, Hamilton SR, Presisinger AC, Jessup JM, van Tuinen P, Ledbetter DH, Barker, Nakamura Y, White R, Vogelstein B: Chromosome 17 deletions and p53 gene mutations in colorectal carcinomas. Science 244:217?221, 1989

Cavanee W, Dryja TP, Phillips RA, Benedict WF, Godbout R, Gallie B, Murphree A, Strong L, White RL: Expression of recessive alleles by chromosomal mechanisms in retinoblastoma. Nature 305:779?785, 1983

Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Kern SE, Hamilton SR, Preisinger AC, Nakamura Y, White R: Allelotype of colorectal carcinomas. Science 244:207?211, 1989

Kwok S, Sninsky J: Application of PCR to the detection of human infectious diseases.In PCR Technology: Applications and Principles of DNA Amplification, H Erlich (ed). New York, Stockton Press, 1989, pp 235?244

Kwok S, Mack DH, Mulis KB, Poiesz B, Ehrlich G, Blair D, Friedman-Kien A, Sninsky JJ: Identification of human immunodeficiency virus sequences by usingin vitro enzymatic amplification and oligomer cleavage detection. J Virol 61:1690?1694, 1987

Rayfield M, DeCock K, Heyward W, Goldstein L, Krebs J, Kwok S, Lee S, McCormick J, Moreau MM, Odehouri K, Schochetman G, Sninsky J, Ou CY: Mixed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in an individual: Demonstration of both HIV type 1 and type 2 proviral sequences by using polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis 158:1170?1176, 1988

Bhagavati S, Ehrlich G, Kula RW, Kwok S, Sninsky J, Udani V, Poiesz BJ: Detection of human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type I DNA and antigen in spiral fluid and blood of patients with chronic progressive myelopathy. N Engl J Med 318:1141?1147, 1988

Larzul D, Guigue F, Sninsky JJ, Mack DH, Brechot C, Guesdon JL: Detection of hepatitis B virus sequences in serum by usingin vitro enzymatic amplification J Virol Methods 20:227?237, 1988

Shibata D, Martin WJ, Appleman MD, Causey DM, Leedom JM, Arnheim N: Detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in peripheral blood of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 158:1185?1192, 1988

Shibata DK, Arnheim N, Martin WJ: Detection of human papilloma virus in paraffin-embedded tissue using the polymerase chain reaction. J Exp Med 167:225?230, 1988

Manos MM, Ting Y, Wright DK, Lewis AJ, Broker TR, Wolinsky SM: The use of polymerase chain reaction amplification for the detection of genital human papillomaviruses.In Cancer Cells, Vol. 7, Molecular Diagnostics of Human Cancer. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp 209?214

Steffan RS, Atlas RM: DNA amplification to enhance detection of genetically engineered bacteria in environmental samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:2185?2191, 1988

Lyonnet S, Caillaud C, Rey F, Berthelon M, Frezal J, Rey J, Munnich A: Guthrie cards for detection of point mutations in phenylketonuria. Lancet 2:507?508, 1988

Williams C, Weber L, Williamson R, Hjelm M: Gutherie spots for DNA-based carrier testing in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 2:693?694, 1988