Polyculture culture of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and red seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata under different densities: effects on water quality, post-larvae performance and their resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Abdussamad EM, Thampy DM (1994) Cannibalism in the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius in nursery rearing phase. J Aquacult Trop 9:67–75

Anaya-Rosas RE, Rivas-Vega ME, Miranda-Baeza A, Pina-Valdez P, Nieves-Soto M (2019) Effects of a co-culture of marine algae and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on the growth, survival and immune response of shrimp infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot virus (WSSV). Fish Shellfish Immunol 87:136–143

Andayani S, Yuwanita R, Izzah N (2016) Biofilter application using seaweed (Gracillaria verucosa) to increase production of Vannameii shrimp in traditional pond district Bangil-Pasuruan. Res J Life Sci 3:16–22

Anh NTN, Ngan LTH, Vinh NH, Hai TN (2018) Co-culture of red seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata) and black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) with different feeding rations. Int J Sci Res Publ 8:269–277

Anh NTN, An BNT, Lan LM, Hai TN (2019a) Integrating different densities of white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and red seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata in the nursery phase: effects on water quality and shrimp performance. J Appl Phycol 31:3223–3234

Anh NTN, Huu NT, To, HT, Kha NM (2019b) Water quality, growth and feed efficiency of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) co-cultured with red seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata) under partial reduction of feeding rates. Oceanogr Fish Open Access J 11:555813

APHA (1998) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The Association, Washington, DC

Arambul-Muñoz E, Ponce-Palafox JT, De Los Santos RC, Aragón-Noriega EA, Rodríguez-Domínguez G, Castillo-Vargasmachuca SG (2019) Influence of stocking density on production and water quality of a photo-heterotrophic intensive system of white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) in circular lined grow-out ponds, with minimal water replacement. Lat Am J Aquat Res 47:449–455

Arnold SJ, Sellars MJ, Crocos PJ, Coman GJ (2006) Intensive production of juvenile tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon: an evaluation of stocking density and artificial substrates. Aquaculture 261:890–896

Arnold SJ, Coman FE, Jackson CJ, Groves SA (2009) High-intensity, zero water-exchange production of juvenile tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon: an evaluation of artificial substrates and stocking density. Aquaculture 293:42–48

Arumugam N, Chelliapan S, Kamyab H, Thirugnana S, Othman N, Noor NS (2018) Treatment of wastewater using seaweed: A Review. Int J Env Res Pub Health 15:2851

Ashkenazi DY, Israel A, Abelson A (2019) A novel two-stage seaweed integrated multi-trophic aquaculture. Rev Aquacult 11:246–262

Boyd CE (2010) Environmental management of shrimp farms in Asia to promote healthy shrimp and reduce negative impacts. Asian Fish Sci 23:463–481

Boyd CE, Phu TQ (2018) Environmental factors and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp ponds in Vietnam: practices for reducing risks. Asian Fish Sci 31S:121–136

Brito LO, Arana LAV, Soares RB, Severi W, Miranda RH, da Silva SMBC, Coimbra MRM, Gálvez AO (2014) Water quality, phytoplankton composition and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in an integrated biofloc system with Gracilaria birdiae (Greville) and Gracilaria domingensis (Kützing). Aquacult Int 22:1649–1664

Brito LO, Chagas AM, da Silva EP, Soares RB, Severi W, Gálvez AO (2016) Water quality, Vibrio density and growth of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in an integrated biofloc system with red seaweed Gracilaria birdiae (Greville). Aquac Res 47:940–950

Brito LO, Junior LC, Abreu JL, Severi W, Moraes LBS, Gálvez AO (2018) Effects of two commercial feeds with high and low crude protein content on the performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei raised in an integrated biofloc system with the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae. Span J Agric Res 16:e0603

Cantelli L, Goncalves P, Guertler C, Kayser M, Pilotto MR, Barracco MA, Perazzolo LM (2019) Dietary supplementation with sulfated polysaccharides from Gracilaria birdiae promotes a delayed immunostimulation in marine shrimp challenged by the white spot syndrome virus. Aquacult Int 27:349–367

Chen JC, Lei SC (1990) Toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to Penaeus monodon juveniles. J World Aquacult Soc 21:300–306

Chopin T, Buschmann AH, Halling C, Troell M, Kautsky, N, Neori, A, Kraemer G, Zertuche-Gonzalez J, Yarish C, Neefus C (2001) Integrating seaweeds into aquaculture systems: a key towards sustainability. J Phycol 37:975–986

Dang TL, Pham AT, Phan TV (2018) Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Vietnam. Asian Fish Sci 31S:274–282

El Hag EA (1984) Food and food selection of the penaeid prawn Penaeus monodon (Fabricius). Hydrobiologia 110:213–217

FAO (2019) A quarterly update on world seafood markets. Globefish Highlights no. 2-2019. http://www.fao.org/3/ca5307en/ca5307en.pdf. Accessed 7 Apr 2020

Focken U, Groth A, Coloso RM, Becker K (1998) Contribution of natural food and supplemental feed to the gut content of Penaeus monodon Fabricius in a semi-intensive pond system in the Philippines. Aquaculture 164:105–116

Foes GK, Froes C, Krummenauer D, Poersch L, Wasielesky W (2011) Nursery of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis in biofloc technology culture system: survival and growth at different stocking densities. J Shellfish Res 30:1–7

Fourooghifard H, Matinfar A, Mortazavi MS, Roohani Ghadikolaee K, Mirbakhsh M (2017a) Growth parameters of white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and red seaweed Gracilaria corticata in integrated culturing method under zero water exchange system. Aquac Res 48:5235–5242

Fourooghifard H, Matinfar A, Mortazavi MS, Ghadikolaee KR, Mirbakhsh M (2017b) Growth, agar production and nutritional composition of red seaweed Gracilaria corticata co-cultured with Litopenaeus vannamei under zero water exchange system. J Aquac Res Dev 11:61–74

Fourooghifard H, Matinfar A, Mortazavi MS, Roohani Ghadikolaee K, Mirbakhsh M (2018) Nitrogen and phosphorous budgets for integrated culture of white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with red seaweed Gracilaria corticata in zero water exchange system. Iran J Fish Sci 17:471–486

Gao Y, He Z, Vector H, Zhao B, Li L, He J, Lee JY, Chu Z (2017) Effect of stocking density on growth, oxidative stress and HSP 70 of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 17:877–884

Ge H-X, Ni Q, Li J, J-t L, Chen Z, F-z Z (2019a) Integration of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and green seaweed (Ulva prolifera) in minimum-water exchange aquaculture system. J Appl Phycol 31:1425–1432

Ge H, Ni Q, Chen Z, Li J, Zhao F (2019b) Effects of short period feeding polysaccharides from marine macroalga, Ulva prolifera on growth and resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. J Appl Phycol 31:2085–2092

Gerung GS, Ohno M, Yamamoto H (1999) Growth rates and agar properties on some species of Gracilaria Grev. (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) from Manado, Indonesia. Bull Mar Sci Fish Kochi Univ 19:9–14

Gressler V, Yokoya NS, Fujii MT, Colepicolo P, Filho JM, Torres RP, Pinto E (2010) Lipid, fatty acid, protein, amino acid and ash contents in four Brazilian red algae species. Food Chem 120:585–590

Hai TN, Viet TQ (2016) Application biofloc technology at different stocking densities in nursing black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Abstract in English). Can Tho Uni J Sci 33b:122–130

Hai TN, Minh TH, Phu TQ, Phuong NT (2016) Shrimp industry in Vietnam. In: Liao C, Chao NH, Leano EM (eds) Progress of shrimp and prawn aquaculture in the world. National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung Taiwan. The Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines, and Word Aquaculture Society, Louisiana, USA, pp 181–204

Hoa TTT, Mai DTN, Huyen HM, Anh NTN (2018) The effect of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)-red seaweed integrated culture system and feeding rate on the disease resistance of shrimp. Can Tho Uni J Sci 54:187–194 (Abstract in English)

Hou WY, Chen JC (2005) The immunostimulatory effect of hot-water extract of Gracilaria tenuistipitata on the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 19:127–138

Ihsan YN, Subiyanto Pribadi TDK, Schulz C (2019) Nitrogen assimilation potential of seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) in polyculture with Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). AACL Bioflux 12:51–62

Jasmanindar Y, Sukenda S, Zairin M Jr, Alimuddin A, Utomo NBP (2018) Dietary administration of Gracilaria verrucosa extract on Litopenaeus vannamei immune response, growth, and resistance to Vibrio harveyi. AACL Bioflux 11:1069–1080

Jiao G, Yu G, Zhang J, Ewart HS (2011) Chemical structures and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae. Mar Drugs 9:196–223

Kang YH, Hwang JR, Chung IK, Park SR (2013) Development of a seaweed species-selection index for successful culture in a seaweed-based integrated aquaculture system. J Ocean Univ China 12:125–133

Khanjani MH, Sajjadi MM, Alizadeh M, Sourinejad I (2016) Study on nursery growth performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) under different feeding levels in zero water exchange system. Iran J Fish Sci 15:1465–1484

Lababpour A (2014) Bioremediation of municipal wastewater using macroalga genus Gracilaria. Acta Hortic 1054:215–219

Lim YY, Lee WK, Leow ATC, Namasivayam P, Abdullah JO, Ho CL (2018) Sulfated galactans from red seaweeds and their potential applications. Pertanika J Schol Res Rev 4:1–7

Lin YC, Chen JC, Chen YY, Yeh ST, Chen LL, Huang CL, Hsieh JF, Li CC (2015) Crowding of white shrimp Litopenaeus vananmei depresses their immunity to and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 45:104–111

Liu CH, Chen JC (2004) Effect of ammonia on the immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to Vibrio alginolyticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 16:321–334

Marte CL (1980) The food and feeding habit of Penaeus monodon Fabricius collected from Makato River, Aklan, Philippines (Decapoda, Natantia). Crustaceana 38:225–236

McLachlan J, Bird CJ (1984) Geographical and experimental assessment of the distribution of Gracilaria species (Rhodophyta: Gigartinales) in relation to temperature. Helgol Meeresunters 38:319–334

Neori A, Chopin T, Troell M, Buschmann AH, Kraemer GP, Halling C, Shpigel M, Yarish C (2004) Integrated aquaculture: rationale, evolution and state of the art emphasizing seaweed biofiltration in modern mariculture. Aquaculture 231:361–391

Nguyen KAT, Nguyen TAT, Jolly C, Nguelifack BM (2020) Economic efficiency of extensive and intensive shrimp production under conditions of disease and natural disaster risks in Khánh Hòa and Trà Vinh Provinces, Vietnam. Sustainability 12:2140

Niu J, Xie JJ, Guo TY, Fang HH, Zhang YM, Liao SY, Xie SW, Liu YJ, Tian LX (2019) Comparison and evaluation of four species of macroalgae as dietary ingredients in Litopenaeus vannamei under normal rearing and WSSV challenge conditions: effect on growth, immune response, and intestinal microbiota. Front Physiol 9:1–15

Peng C, Hong-Bo S, Di X, Song Q (2009) Progress in Gracilaria biology and developmental utilization: main issues and prospective. Rev Fish Sci 17:494–504

Pérez MJ, Falqué E, Domínguez H (2016) Antimicrobial action of compounds from marine seaweed. Mar Drugs 14:52

Portley N (2016) SFP report on the shrimp sector: Asian farmed shrimp trade and sustainability. Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Foundation. 22 pp. Available from www.sustainablefish.org. Accessed 26 Mar 2020

Roleda MY, Hurd CL (2019) Seaweed nutrient physiology: application of concepts to aquaculture and bioremediation. Phycologia 58:552–562

Rubel H, Woods W, Pérez D, Unnikrishnan S, Meyer A, Felde Z, Zielcke S, Lidy C, Lanfer C (2019) A strategic approach to sustainable shrimp production in Vietnam: the case for improved economics and sustainability. Boston Consulting Group (BCG). http://media-publications.bcg.com/BCG-A-Strategic-Approach-to-Sustainable-Shrimp-Production-in-Vietnam-Aug-2019.pdf. Accessed 24 Mar 2020

Rudtanatip T, Asuvapongpatana S, Withyachumnarnkul B, Wongprasert K (2014) Sulfated galactans isolated from the red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri target the envelope proteins of white spot syndrome virus and protect against viral infection in shrimp haemocytes. J Gen Virol 95:1126–1134

Samocha TM, Fricker J, Ali AM, Shpigel M, Neori A (2015) Growth and nutrient uptake of the macroalga Gracilaria tikvahiae cultured with the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system. Aquaculture 446:263–271

Sarkar S, Rekha PN, Balasubramanian CP, Ambasankar K (2019) Bioremediation potential of the brackishwater macroalga Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Rhodophyta) co-cultured with Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Boone). J Coast Res 86:248–254

Shokita S, Kakazu K, Tomori A, Toma T (1991) Mariculture of seaweeds. In: Shokita S, Kakazu K, Tomori A, Toma T, Yamaguchi M (eds) Aquaculture in tropical areas. Tokyo, Midori Shobo, pp 31–95

Silva E, Silva J, Ferreira F, Soares M, Soares R, Peixoto S (2015) Influence of stocking density on the zootechnical performance of Litopenaeus vannamei during the nursery phase in a biofloc system. Bol Inst Pesca, São Paulo 41:777–783

Sirikharin R, Taengchaiyaphum S, Sritunyalucksana K, Thitamadee S, Flegel T, Mavichak R, Proespraiwong P (2014) A new and improved PCR method for detection of AHPND bacteria. Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand http://www.enaca.org/modules/news/article.php?articleid=2030. Accessed 19 Feb 2020

Sirirustananun N, Chen JC, Lin YC, Yeh ST, Liou CH, Sim SS, Chiew SL (2011) Dietary administration of a Gracilaria tenuistipitata extract enhances the immune response and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 31:848–855

Sun S, Fu H, Gu Z, Zhu J (2016) Effects of stocking density on the individual growth and differentiation of the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (de Haan, 1849) (Caridea: Palaemonidae). J Crustacean Biol 36:769–775

Tharavathy NC (2014) Water quality management in shrimp culture. Acta Bio Indica 3:536–540

Tran L, Nunan L, Redman RM, Mohney LL, Pantoja CR, Fitzsimmons K, Lightner DV (2013) Determination of the infectious nature of the agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome affecting penaeid shrimp. Dis Aquat Organ 105:45–55

VASEP (2019) Report on Vietnam shrimp sector 2009-2018. Portal of Vietnam association of seafood exporters and producers. http://mseafood.vasep.com.vn/767_13165/seafood-reports.htm. Accessed 14 Feb 2020

Vinh NH, Anh NTN (2019) Study on abundance of red seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata) in the improved-extensive shrimp farms from Bac Lieu and Ca Mau provinces. Sci Technol J Agr Rural Dev 1:88–97(Abstract in English)

Wang C, Lei A, Zhou K, Hu Z, Hao W, Yang J (2014) Growth and nitrogen uptake characteristics reveal outbreak mechanism of the opportunistic macroalga Gracilaria tenuistipitata. PLoS One 9:e108980

Wasielesky W, Froes C, Foes G, Krummenauer D, Lara G, Poersch LH (2013) Nursery of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in a biofloc system: the effect of stocking densities and compensatory growth. J Shellfish Res 32:799–806

Wongprasert K, Rudtanatip T, Praiboon J (2014) Immunostimulatory activity of sulfated galactans isolated from the red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri and development of resistance against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp. Fish Shellfish Immun 36:52–60

Yang Y, Chai Z, Wang Q, Chen W, He Z, Jiang S (2015) Cultivation of seaweed Gracilaria in Chinese coastal waters and its contribution to environmental improvements. Algal Res 9:236–244

Yeh ST, Li CC, Tsuei WJ, Chen JC (2010) The protective immunity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that had been immersed in the hot-water extract of Gracilaria tenuistipitata and subjected to combined stresses of Vibrio alginolyticus injection and temperature change. Fish Shellfish Immunol 29:271–278