Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in milk of Norwegian women during lactation

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 19 - Trang 640-645 - 1990
Janneche Utne Skaare1, Anuschka Polder1
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine and The National Veterinary Institute, Oslo 1, Norway

Tóm tắt

Milk samples of 14 women were analyzed for PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls),p,p′-DDE, and HCB (hexachlorobenzene) during 11 intervals of a 120 day-lactation period. A general downward trend in residue levels was evident, and a statistically significant decline was observed for residue levels of PCBs (P<0.01) and HCB (P=0.02) on the milk fat basis. Primipara (n=9) had from 1.5 to 2.1 times higher mean residue levels than mothers nursing their second or third child (n=9). Significant declines in residue levels during lactation of the first child were found, while no pronounced changes in residue levels were observed during lactation of the second or third child. Overall, residue levels in this study were lower than corresponding levels found earlier in Norway, and within the range of the corresponding levels found in another Norwegian human milk survey done at the same time.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Acker L (1981) Zur Kontamination der Frauenmilch mit chlororganischen Verbindungen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 41:882–886 Al-Omar M, Abdul-Jalil FH, Al-Ogaily NH, Tawfiq SJ, Al-Bassomy MA (1986) A follow-up study on maternal milk contamination with organochlorine insecticide residues. Environ Pollut (Series A) 42:79–91 Bakken AF, Scip M (1976) Insecticides in human breast milk. Acta pædiatr Scand 65:535–539 Bjerk JE (1972) Rester av DDT og polyklorerte bifenyler i norsk humant materiale. Tidsskr norske Lægefor 92:15–19 Brevik EM (1978) Gas Chromatographic method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in human milk. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 19:281–286 Brevik EM, Bjerk JE (1978) Organochlorine compounds in Norwegian human fat and milk. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 43:59–63 Curley A, Kimbrough R (1969) Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in plasma and milk of pregnant and lactating women. Arch Environ Health 18:156–164 De Bellini Y, Cressely J, Deluzarche A, Hazemann A (1977) Pesticides organochlores dans lait de femme. Ann Fals Exp Chim 70:567–572 Disler RL, Glatt V, Meier W (1984) Rückstande von chlorierten insektiziden und polychlorierten biphenylen in human milch. Mitt Gebiete Lebensm Hyg 75:205–213 Drijver M, Duijkers TJ, Kromhout D, Visser TJ, Mulder P, Louw R (1988) Determinants of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk. Acta Pædiatr Scand 77:30–36 Eckenhausen FW, Bennet D, Beynon KJ, Elgar KE (1981) Organochlorine pesticide concentrations in perinatal samples from mothers and babies. Arch Environ Health 36:81–92 Fooken C, Butte W (1987) Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk during lactation. Chemosphere 16:1301–1318 Gyimothi J (1979) Über die Rückstandsbelastung von Frauen-milch an Organochlorpesticiden in Abhängigheit zur laktations Zeit. Forschungsberichte 4/79: p 317 Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Umweltschutz, Wien Hagyard SB, Brown WH, Stull JW, Whiting FM, Kemberling SR (1973) DDT and DDE content of human milk in Arizona. Bull Environ Contam 9:169–172 Hofvander Y, Hagman U, Linder CE, Vaz R, Swrach SA (1981) WHO collaborative breast feeding study. 1. Organochlorine contaminants in individual samples of Swedish human milk, 1978–1979. Acta pædiatr Scand 70:3–8 Jensen AA (1983) Chemical contaminants in human milk. Residue Reviews 89:1–128 — (1987) Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) in human milk, blood and adipose tissue. Sci Total Environ 64:259–293 Kendall M, Stuart A (1979) The advanced theory of statistics vol II, Charles Griffin & Co Ltd, London Klein D, Dillon JC, Jirou-Najou JL, Gagey MJ, Derbry G (1986) Cinetique d'elimination des composes organochlores au cours de la premiere semaine d'allaitement maternel. Food Chem Toxicol 24:869–876 Kodoma H, Ota H (1980) Transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls to infants from their mothers. Arch Environ Health 35:95 Mes J, Doyle JA, Barrett RA, Dais DJ, Turton D (1984) Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in milk and blood of Canadian women during lactation. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 13:217–223 Norén K (1983a) Levels of organochlorine contaminants in human milk in relation to the dietary habits of the mothers. Acta pædiatr Scan 72:811–816 — (1983b) Some aspects of the determination of organochlorine contaminants in human milk. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 12:277–283 Ottender H (1984) Organochlorpestizide und polychlorierte Biphenyl (PCB) in Muttermilch; auswertung einer Langzeitstudie. Lebensmittelchem Gerichtl Chem 38:139–143 Rogan WJ, Gladen BC, McKinney JD, Carreras N, Hardy P, Thullen J, Tingeistad J, Tully M (1986) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in human milk: Effects of maternal factors and previous lactation. Amer J Publ Health 76:172–177 Swayer LD (1978) Quantitation of polychlorinated biphenyl residues by electron capture gas liquid chromatography: Reference material characterization and preliminary study. J Assoc Offic Anal 61:272–281 Skaare JU (1981) Persistent organochlorinated compounds in Norwegian human milk in 1979. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 49:384–389 Skaare JU, Tuveng JM, Sande HA (1988) Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in maternal adipose tissue, blood, milk, and cord blood from mothers and their infants living in Norway. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 17:55–63 Slorach AS, Vaz R (1983) Assessment of human exposure to selected organochlorine compounds through biological monitoring. Global environmental monitoring systems (GEMS) UNEP/WHO. Prepared by the Swedish National Food Administration, Uppsala, Sweden, 134 pp Weisenberg E, Arad J, Grauer F, Sahm Z (1985) Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine insecticides in human milk in Israel. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 14:517–521 Yakushiji TR, Watanabe J, Kuwabara K, Koyama K, Hara J, Kunita N (1978) Long-term studies of the excretion of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) through the mothers milk of an occupationally exposed worker. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 7:493–504 Yakushiji TR, Watanabe J, Kuwabara K, Koyama K, Kunita N (1979) Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in human milk and Wood. Int Arch Occup Environ Hlth 43:1–15