Political orientations, economic policies, and environmental quality: Multi-valued treatment effects analysis with spatial spillovers in country districts of Poland

Abadie, 2016, Matching on the estimated propensity score, Econometrica, 84, 781, 10.3982/ECTA11293 Adam, 2019, Environmental policy efficiency: measurement and determinants, Econ. Gov., 20, 1, 10.1007/s10101-018-0219-y ADMS 2020. Agricultural Drought Monitoring System in Poland. 〈http://www.susza.iung.pulawy.pl/en〉. (accessed 11.11.2020). Adnan, 2018, Solution for the sunset industry: adoption of green fertiliser technology amongst Malaysian paddy farmers, Land Use Policy, 79, 575, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.08.033 Ajzen, 1991, The theory of planned behavior, Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process., 50, 179, 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Aklin, 2013, Understanding environmental policy preferences: new evidence from Brazil, Ecol. Econ., 94, 28, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.05.012 Antonio, 2011, The unbearable lightness of politics: climate change denial and political polarization, Sociol. Q., 52, 195, 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01199.x ARMA. 2020. 〈https://www.arimr.gov.pl/o-arimr/information-about-the-agency.html〉. (Accessed 11 November 2020). Badanie, 2014. Badanie świadomości osobistego wpływu człowieka na środowisko, Fundacja Nasza Ziemia, 〈http://nfosigw.gov.pl/gfx/nfosigw/userfiles/files/aktualnosci/2014/11/badanie_swiadomosci_osobistego_wplywu_czlowieka_na_srodowisko.pdf〉. Bamberg, 2007, Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: a new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour, J. Environ. Psychol., 27, 14, 10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002 Bandura, 1997 BIP. 2020. 〈https://www.bip.powiat.poznan.pl/370,wydzial-ochrony-srodowiska-rolnictwa-i-lesnictwa〉. Boarnet, 2002, Federal grants and yardstick competition, J. Urban Econ., 52, 53, 10.1016/S0094-1190(02)00001-3 Cattaneo, 2010, Efficient semiparametric estimation of multi-valued treatment effects under ignorability, J. Econ., 155, 138, 10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.09.023 Chen, 2015, The forgotten road of progressive localism: new preservation movement in Hong Kong, Inter-Asia Cult. Stud., 16, 436, 10.1080/14649373.2015.1071694 Cheung, 2019, How does political orientation influence one’s environmental attitude and behaviour? Debate over country park conservation in Hong Kong, Environ. Sci. Policy, 99, 115, 10.1016/j.envsci.2019.05.026 Connolly M., 2019. What is an 'ecological sin?, Catholic Online 〈https://www.catholic.org〉, 11/20/2019. Costa, 2013, Energy conservation “nudges” and environmentalist ideology: evidence from a randomized residential electricity field experiment, J. Eur. Econ. Assoc., 11, 680, 10.1111/jeea.12011 Czyzewski, 2020, Deadweight loss in environmental policy: the case of the European Union member states, J. Clean. Prod., 260, 13, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121064 Czyżewski, 2020, Cost effectiveness of the common agricultural policy and environmental policy in country districts: spatial spillovers of pollution, bio-uniformity and green schemes in Poland, Sci. Total Environ., 726, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138254 Deng, 2000, Inter-company comparison using modified TOPSIS with objective weights, Comput. Oper. Res., 27, 963, 10.1016/S0305-0548(99)00069-6 Diakoulaki, 1995, Determining objective weights in multiple criteria problems—the critic method, Comput. Oper. Res., 22, 763, 10.1016/0305-0548(94)00059-H Dietz, 1998, Social structural and social psychological bases of environmental concern, Environ. Behav., 30, 450, 10.1177/001391659803000402 Eagle, 2017, Localism and the environment: a critical review of UK Government localism strategy 2010-2015, Local Econ., 32, 55, 10.1177/0269094216687710 Ercolano, 2014, Environmental tax reform and individual preferences: an empirical analysis on European micro data, J. Behav. Exp. Econ., 51, 1, 10.1016/j.socec.2014.02.008 ESDAC 2020. European Soil Data Centre - 〈https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/themes/rusle2015〉 (Accessed 11 November 2020). European Commission (2014). CAP context indicators 2014–2020. 37. High Nature Value Farming. European Commission (2016). Working document. Practices to identify, monitor, and assess HNV farming in RDPs 2014–2020. November 2016. European Commission (2017). Working document. HNV farming indicator in RDPs 2014–2020. Facure 2021, 〈https://matheusfacure.github.io/python-causality-handbook/11-Propensity-Score.html〉. FAO 2020 〈http://www.fao.org/docs/up/easypol/329/gini_index_040en.pdf〉 (Accessed 11 September 2020). Facchini, 2017, Who cares about the environment? An empirical analysis of the evolution of political parties' environmental concern in European countries (1970-2008), Land Use Policy, 64, 200, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.02.017 Fielding, 2008, Integrating social identity theory and the theory of planned behaviour to explain decisions to engage in sustainable agricultural practices, Br. J. Soc. Psychol., 47, 23, 10.1348/014466607X206792 Floch, 2018, Spatial econometrics—common models, 149 Fredrickson, 2018, History of US presidential assaults on modern environmental health protection, Am. J. Public Health, 108, S95, 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304396 GDOS 2020. General Directorate for Environmental Protection. https://www.gdos.gov.pl/eng; http://geoserwis.gdos.gov.pl/mapy; http://powietrze.gios.gov.pl/pjp/archives (Accessed 11 November 2020). Glynn, 2010, An introduction to the augmented inverse propensity weighted estimator, Political Anal., 18, 36, 10.1093/pan/mpp036 Gwiazda, 2019, Poland’s quasi-institutionalized party system: the importance of elites and institutions, Perspect. Eur. Polit. Soc., 10, 350, 10.1080/15705850903105769 Hammar, 2006, Can trust in politicians explain individuals’ support for climate policy? The case of CO2 tax, Clim. Policy, 5, 613, 10.1080/14693062.2006.9685582 Hamilton, 2011, Education, politics and opinion about climate change evidence for interaction effects, Clim. Change, 104, 231, 10.1007/s10584-010-9957-8 Hernán, 2020 Hess, 2008, Localism and the environment, Sociol. Compass, 2, 625, 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00082.x Hornsey, 2018, Relationships among conspiratorial beliefs, conservatism and climate scepticism across nations, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 614, 10.1038/s41558-018-0157-2 Hu, 2017, How political ideology affects climate perception: moderation effects of time orientation and knowledge, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 127, 124, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.003 Irfan, 2020, The influence of consumers’ intention factors on willingness to pay for renewable energy: a structural equation modeling approach, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 27, 21747, 10.1007/s11356-020-08592-9 Imai, 2014, Covariate balancing propensity score, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B-Stat. Methodol., 76, 243, 10.1111/rssb.12027 ISSPC 2020. Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation. 〈http://www.iung.pulawy.pl/eng〉. (Accessed 11 November 2020). Jost, 2003, Political conservatism as motivated social cognition, Psychol. Bull., 129, 339, 10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.339 Kaeding, 2017, The Rise of “Localism” in Hong Kong, J. Democr., 28, 157, 10.1353/jod.2017.0013 Kahn, 2007, Do greens drive Hummers or hybrids? Environmental ideology as a determinant of consumer choice, J. Environ. Econ. Manag., 54, 129, 10.1016/j.jeem.2007.05.001 Kimla, 2016, Polish environmental movements during the political transformation (1980-1989), Ecol. Saf., 10, 2016 Kleijn, 2003, How effective are European agri-environment schemes in conserving and promoting biodiversity?, J. Appl. Ecol., 40, 947, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2003.00868.x Kłos, 2015, Environmental awareness of Polish people—overview of research, Stud. i Pr. Wydz. Nauk Èkon. i Zarządzania, 42, 35 Kozek, 2019, Klimat, ekologia i prawa zwierząt – o ekopolitykę społeczną, Friedrich-Ebert-Stift., 4 LAJ., 2019. Polish model of a welfare state. The Law and Justice Programme. Lammers, 2018, Past-focused temporal communication overcomes conservatives’ resistance to liberal political ideas, J. Personal. Soc. Psychol., 114, 599, 10.1037/pspi0000121 Laver, 2000, Estimating policy positions from political texts, Am. J. Political Sci., 44, 619, 10.2307/2669268 LDP, 2020. Statistics Poland. Polish Local Data Bank. 〈https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/start〉. (Accessed 11 November 2020). Leiserowitz, 2005, American risk perceptions: is climate change dangerous?, Risk Anal., 25, 1433, 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00690.x Lesage, 2009 Li, 2018, Environmental non-governmental organizations and urban environmental governance: evidence from China, J. Environ. Manag., 206, 1296, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.076 Li, 2020, Can the introduction of an environmental target assessment policy improve the TFP of textile enterprises? A quasi-natural experiment based on the Huai River Basin in China, Sustainability, 12 Lin, 2019, The diffusion and the international context of logistics performance, Int. J. Logist. Res. Appl., 22, 188, 10.1080/13675567.2018.1510907 Lim, 2018, Determinants and evaluation of local energy-efficiency initiatives from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Rev. Policy Res, 35, 238, 10.1111/ropr.12280 Linden, 2013, Using balance statistics to determine the optimal number of controls in matching studies, J. Eval. Clin. Pract., 19, 968, 10.1111/jep.12072 Lowndes, 1998, The dynamics of multi-organizational partnerships: an analysis of changing modes of governance, Public Adm., 76, 313, 10.1111/1467-9299.00103 Lunceford, 2004, Stratification and weighting via the propensity score in estimation of causal treatment effects: a comparative study, Stat. Med., 23, 2937, 10.1002/sim.1903 Ma, 2020, Could the construction of sustainable development pilot zones improve the urban environment efficiency in China?, Discret. Dyn. Nat. Soc., 2020 Martínez-García, 2013, Factors influencing adoption of improved grassland management by small-scale dairy farmers in central Mexico and the implications for future research on smallholder adoption in developing countries, Livest. Sci., 152, 228, 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.10.007 Matuszczak, 2020, Environment and political economics: left-wing liberalism or conservative leftism—Which is better for eco-efficiency? Evidence from Poland, Sci. Total Environ., 743, 743, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140779 McCright, 2014, Political polarization on support for government spending on environmental protection in the USA, 1974-2012, Soc. Sci. Res., 48, 251, 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.06.008 Menozzi, 2015, Farmer’s motivation to adopt sustainable agricultural practices, Bio-Based Appl. Econ., 4, 125 Mobley, 2010, Exploring additional determinants of environmentally responsible behavior: the influence of environmental literature and environmental attitudes, Environ. Behav., 42, 420, 10.1177/0013916508325002 Myrdal, 1957 National Election Commission, PKW, 〈https://pkw.gov.pl/〉. (Accessed 20 November 2020). Nawrotzki, 2011, The politics environment concept: a cross national analysis, Organ Environ., 25, 286, 10.1177/1086026612456535 Neumayer, 2002, Do democracies exhibit stronger international environmental commitment? A cross-country analysis, J. Peace Res., 39, 139, 10.1177/0022343302039002001 Obydenkova, 2016, Intelligence, democracy, and international environmental commitment, Environ. Res., 147, 82, 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.042 Owen, 2010, Identity and environmentalism: the influence of community characteristics, Rev. Soc. Econ., 68, 465, 10.1080/00346760903480533 Rahman, 2017, The effects of telephone infrastructure on farmers’ agricultural outputs in China, Inf. Econ. Policy, 41, 88, 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2017.06.005 Rega, 2019, Environmentalism and localism in agricultural and land-use policies can maintain food production while supporting biodiversity. Findings from simulations of contrasting scenarios in the EU, Land Use Policy, 87 Rhodes, 1997 Rosenbaum, 2002 Rosenbaum, 1983, The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects, Biometrika, 70, 41, 10.1093/biomet/70.1.41 Rounsevell, 2012, Challenges for land system science, Land Use Policy, 29, 899, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.01.007 Rubin, 2008, For objective causal inference, design trumps analysis, Ann. Appl. Stat., 2, 808, 10.1214/08-AOAS187 Saavedra, 2000, A model of welfare competition with evidence from AFDC, J. Urban Econ., 47, 248, 10.1006/juec.1999.2141 Schumacher, 2013, Why do parties change position? Party organization and environmental incentives, J. Polit., 75, 464, 10.1017/S0022381613000145 SoP, 2020. Poglądy polityczne a preferencje wyborcze Polaków (Political views and electoral preferences of Poles). State of politics. 〈https://stanpolityki.pl/poglady-polityczne-a-preferencje-wyborcze-polakow/〉 (Accessed 11 November 2020). Stata, 2013 Stata 2020. Stata manual 〈https://www.stata.com/manuals/tetebalance.pdf〉 (Accessed 11 November 2020). StataCorp, 2017, Stata: Release 15, 1320 Stoutenborough, 2014, Public support for climate change policy: consistency in the influence of values and attitudes over time and across specific policy alternatives, Rev. Policy Res., 31, 555, 10.1111/ropr.12104 Torgler, 2007, The determinants of individuals’ attitudes towards preventing environmental damage, Ecol. Econ., 63, 536, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.12.013 Tyrała, 2018, Wpływ postulatów programowych na sukces wyborczy—na przyk’adzie partii: PiS, PO, ZL w wyborach parlamentarnych w Polsce w 2015 roku, Środkowoeuropejskie Stud. Polit., 1, 61, 10.14746/ssp.2018.1.4 Unsworth, 2014, It’s political: how the salience of one’s political identity changes climate change beliefs and policy support, Glob. Environ. Change-Hum. Policy Dimens., 27, 131, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.05.002 Uyeki, 2000, Diffusion of pro-environment attitudes?, Am. Behav. Sci., 43, 646, 10.1177/00027640021955478 Wan, 2017, A review on political factors influencing public support for urban environmental policy, Environ. Sci. Policy, 75, 70, 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.05.005 Wauters, 2010, Adoption of soil conservation practices in Belgium: an examination of the theory of planned behaviour in the agri-environmental domain, Land Use Policy, 27, 86, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.02.009 Wolsko, 2017, Expanding the range of environmental values: political orientation, moral foundations, and the common ingroup, J. Environ. Psychol., 51, 284, 10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.04.005 Xin, 2019, Effects of smart city policies on green total factor productivity: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16 Zhang, 2020, Has China’s emission trading system achieved the development of a low-carbon economy in high-emission industrial subsectors?, Sustainability, 12 Zhou, 2019, Supervision of environmental enforcement and corporate environmental performance evidence of quasi-natural experiment from talks on environmental protection, Nankai Bus. Rev. Int., 10, 42, 10.1108/NBRI-06-2018-0036