Pleistocene rapid uplift of the Himalayan frontal ranges recorded in the Kathmandu and Siwalik basins

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology - Tập 241 - Trang 16-27 - 2006
Harutaka Sakai1, Hideo Sakai2, Wataru Yahagi2, Rie Fujii1, Tatsuya Hayashi1, Bishal Nath Upreti3
1Department of Earth Sciences, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka, 810-8560, Japan
2Department of Earth Sciences, Toyama University, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
3Department of Geology, Tri-Chandra Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal

Tài liệu tham khảo

Amano, 1992, Two-phase uplift of Higher Himalayas since 17 Ma, Geology, 20, 391, 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0391:TPUOHH>2.3.CO;2 Bilham, 1997, Indo-Asian collision rates in the Nepal, Nature, 386, 61, 10.1038/386061a0 Burbank, 1983, The Late Cenozoic chronology and stratigraphic development of the Kashmir intermontane basin, northwestern Himalaya, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 43, 205, 10.1016/0031-0182(83)90012-3 Burchfiel, 1992, The south Tibetan detachment system, Himalayan orogen: extension contemporaneous with and parallel to shortening in a collisional mountain belt, vol. 29 Derry, 1996, Neogen Himalayan weathering history and river 87Sr/86Sr impact on the marine Sr record, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 142, 59, 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00091-X Dhital, 1995, Geology and structure of the Siwaliks and Lesser Himalaya in the Surai khola-Bardanda area, mid Western Nepal, Bull. Dep. Geol. Tribhuvan Univ., 4, 1 France-Lanord, 1994, δ13C of organic carbon in the Bengal fan: source evolution and transport of C3 and C4 plant carbon to marine sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 4809, 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90210-0 Gautam, 1999, Depositional chronology and fabric of Siwalik group sediments in Central Nepal from magnetostratigraphy and magnetic anisotropy, J. Asian Earth Sci., 17, 659, 10.1016/S1367-9120(99)00021-8 Hagen, 1968, Report on the geological survey of Nepal. 1, Denschar. Schweiz, Nat. Gesell., 86 Hagen, 1986 Hahn, 1975, The role of mountains in the South Asian monsoon circulation, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1515, 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<1515:TROMIT>2.0.CO;2 Hodges, 1992, 1466 Hodges, 1996, Tectonic evolution of the central Annapurna Range, Nepalese Himalaya, Tectonics, 15, 1264, 10.1029/96TC01791 Jackson, 1994, Constraints on Himalayan deformation inferred from vertical velocity field in Nepal and Tibet, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 13897, 10.1029/94JB00714 Kotlia, 1999, Lithology and magnetostratigraphy of the Upper Siwalik succession at Ramnagar (Uttar Pradesh), Kumaun Himalaya, Mem. Geol. Soc. India, 44, 209 Krishnan, 1982 Kroon, 1991, Onset of monsoonal related upwelling in the western Arabian Sea as revealed by planktonic foraminafers, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 117, 257 Kumar, 1994, Evolution of the Mio-Pleistocene alluvial fan system in the Siwalik Foreland Basin Dehra Dun, India, vol. 15, 143 Kumar, 1985, Sedimentolgy of Plio-Pleistocene late orogenic deposits associated with intraplate subduction—the Upper Siwalik Subgroup of a part of Punjab Sub-Himalaya, India, Sediment. Geol., 42, 105, 10.1016/0037-0738(85)90076-4 Kumar, 1999, Evolution of the Plio-Pleitstocene contrasting alluvial fans on the Siwalik foreland basin, NW Himalaya, India, vol. 6, 295 Lave, 2000, Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hills, Himalayas of central Nepal, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5735, 10.1029/1999JB900292 Le Fort, 1986, Metamorphism and magmatism during the Himalayan collision, vol. 19, 159 Moribayashi, 1980, Basement topography of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal—an application of gravitational method to the survey of a tectonic basin in the Himalaya, J. Jpn. Soc. Eng. Geol., 21, 80, 10.5110/jjseg.21.80 Mugnier, 2003, Episodicity and rates of thrust-sheet motion in the Himalayas, Western Nepal, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Mem., 82, 1 Nakata, 1989, Active faults of the Himalaya of India and Nepal, vol. 232, 243 Nakata, 1984, Tectonic landforms of several active faults in the western Nepal Himalaya, J. Nepal Geol. Soc., 4, 177 Prell, 1992, Sensitivity of the Indian monsoon to forcing parameters and implication for its evolution, Nature, 360, 647, 10.1038/360647a0 Rai, 2001, Geology, geochemistry, and radiochronology of the Kathmandu and Gosainkund Crystalline nappes, central Nepal Himalaya, J. Nepal Geol. Soc., 135 Raymo, 1992, Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate, Nature, 359, 117, 10.1038/359117a0 Raymo, 1988, Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles, Geology, 16, 649, 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0649:IOLCMB>2.3.CO;2 Rea, 1992, Delivery of Himalayan sediment to the Northern Indian Ocean and its relation to global climate, sea level, uplift and seawater strontium, vol. 70, 387 1997 Sah, 1994, Lithostratigraphy of Siwalik sediments of Amlekhganj–Hetauda area, Sub-Himalaya of Nepal, Himal. Geol., 15, 37 Sakai, 2001, Stratigraphic division and sedimentary facies of the Kathmandu Basin sediments, J. Nepal Geol. Soc., 25, 19 Sakai, 2001, Core drilling of the basin-fill sediments in the Kathmandu Valley for palaeoclimatic study: preliminary results, J. Nepal Geol. Soc., 25, 19 Sakai, 2002, Changes in depositional system of the Paleo-Kathmandu Lake caused by uplift of the Nepal Lesser Himalayas, J. Asian Earth Sci., 20, 267, 10.1016/S1367-9120(01)00046-3 Stöcklin, 1980, Geology of Nepal and its regional frame, J. Geol. Soc. (Lond.), 137, 1, 10.1144/gsjgs.137.1.0001 Sun, 2000, Stratigraphic evidence for the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau between ∼1.1 and 0.9 myr ago, Quat. Res., 54, 309, 10.1006/qres.2000.2170 Tandon, 1984, Active intra-basinal highs and palaeodrainage reversals in the late orogenic hominoid-bearing Siwalik basin, Nature, 308, 635, 10.1038/308635a0 Tokuoka, 1986, The Churia (Siwalik) Group of the Arung Khola area, West Central Nepal, Mem. Fac. Sci. Eng., Shimane Univ., Ser. B, Math. Sci., 20, 135 Yoshida, 1984, Magnetostratigraphy of Plio-Pleistocene lacustrine deposits in the Kathmandu Valley, central Nepal, Proc. Ind. Natl. Sci. Acad., 54, 410 Zeitler, 1982, Fission-track evidence for Quaternary uplift of the Nanga Parbat region, Pakistan, Nature, 298, 255, 10.1038/298255a0 Zeitler, 1993, Synchronous anatexis, metamorphism, and rapid denudation at Nanga Parbat (Pakistan Himalaya), Geology, 21, 347, 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0347:SAMARD>2.3.CO;2