Platelet-rich plasma and its derivatives as promising bioactive materials for regenerative medicine: basic principles and concepts underlying recent advances

Okuda K, Kawase T, Momose M, et al. Platelet-rich plasma contains high levels of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta and modulates the proliferation of periodontally related cells in vitro. J Periodontol. 2003;74:849–57.

Frechette JP, Martineau I, Gagnon G. Platelet-rich plasmas: growth factor content and roles in wound healing. J Dent Res. 2005;84:434–9.

Weibrich G, Kleis WK, Hafner G. Growth factor levels in the platelet-rich plasma produced by 2 different methods: curasan-type PRP kit versus PCCS PRP system. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2002;17:184–90.

El-Sharkawy H, Kantarci A, Deady J, et al. Platelet-rich plasma: growth factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. J Periodontol. 2007;78:661–9.

Zhang N, Wu YP, Qian SJ, et al. Research progress in the mechanism of effect of PRP in bone deficiency healing. Sci World J. 2013;2013:134582.

Amable P, Carias RB, Teixeira MV, et al. Platelet-rich plasma preparation for regenerative medicine: optimization and quantification of cytokines and growth factors. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2013;4:67.

Alsousou J, Ali A, Willett K, Harrison P. The role of platelet-rich plasma in tissue regeneration. Platelets. 2013;24:173–82.

Redler LH, Thompson SA, Hsu SH, Ahmad CS, Levine WN. Platelet-rich plasma therapy: a systematic literature review and evidence for clinical use. Physician Sports Med. 2011;39:42–51.

Naik B, Karunakar P, Jayadev M, Marshal VR. Role of platelet rich fibrin in wound healing: a critical review. J Conserv Dent. 2013;16:284–93.

Burnouf T, Goubran HA, Chen TM, et al. Blood-derived biomaterials and platelet growth factors in regenerative medicine. Blood Rev. 2013;27:77–89.

Stuart JD, Morgan RF, Kenney JG. Single-donor fibrin glue for hand burns. Ann Plast Surg. 1990;24:524–7.

Currie LJ, Sharpe JR, Martin R. The use of fibrin glue in skin grafts and tissue-engineered skin replacements: a review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108:1713–26.

Marx RE, Carlson ER, Eichstaedt RM, et al. Platelet-rich plasma: growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 1998;85:638–46.

Kassolis JD, Rosen PS, Reynolds MA. Alveolar ridge and sinus augmentation utilizing platelet-rich plasma in combination with freeze-dried bone allograft: case series. J Periodontol. 2000;71:1654–61.

Robiony M, Polini F, Costa F, Politi M. Osteogenesis distraction and platelet-rich plasma for bone restoration of the severely atrophic mandible: preliminary results. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60:630–5.

Marx RE. Platelet-rich plasma: evidence to support its use. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;62:489–96.

Alsousou J, Thompson M, Hulley P, Noble A, Willett K. The biology of platelet-rich plasma and its application in trauma and orthopaedic surgery: a review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91:987–96.

Davis VL, Abukabda AB, Radio NM, et al. Platelet-rich preparations to improve healing. Part II: platelet activation and enrichment, leukocyte inclusion, and other selection criteria. J Oral Implantol. 2014;40:511–21.

Lee KS, Wilson JJ, Rabago DP, et al. Musculoskeletal applications of platelet-rich plasma: fad or future? Am J Roentgenol. 2011;196:628–36.

Dohan DM, Choukroun J, Diss A, et al. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: technological concepts and evolution. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2006;101:e37–44.

Clark RA. Fibrin and wound healing. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;936:355–67.

Xie X, Zhang C, Tuan RS. Biology of platelet-rich plasma and its clinical application in cartilage repair. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:204.

Kawase T, Okuda K, Wolff LF, Yoshie H. Platelet-rich plasma-derived fibrin clot formation stimulates collagen synthesis in periodontal ligament and osteoblastic cells in vitro. J Periodontol. 2003;74:858–64.

Kobayashi M, Kawase T, Horimizu M, et al. A proposed protocol for the standardized preparation of PRF membranes for clinical use. Biologicals. 2012;40:323–9.

Janmey PA, Winer JP, Weisel JW. Fibrin gels and their clinical and bioengineering applications. J R Soc Interface. 2009;6:1–10.

Ryan EA, Mockros LF, Weisel JW, Lorand L. Structural origins of fibrin clot rheology. Biophys J. 1999;77:2813–26.

Wolberg AS. Thrombin generation and fibrin clot structure. Blood Rev. 2007;21:131–42.

Perez AG, Rodrigues AA, Luzo AC, et al. Fibrin network architectures in pure platelet-rich plasma as characterized by fiber radius and correlated with clotting time. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2014;25:1967–77.

Hamid MS, Yusof A, Mohamed Ali AR. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for acute muscle injury: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2014;9:e90538.

Wikesjo UM, Sorensen RG, Kinoshita A, Jian Li X, Wozney JM. Periodontal repair in dogs: effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-12 (rhBMP-12) on regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31:662–70.

Selvig KA, Sorensen RG, Wozney JM, Wikesjo UM. Bone repair following recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulated periodontal regeneration. J Periodontol. 2002;73:1020–9.

Murphy KG. Postoperative healing complications associated with Gore-Tex periodontal material. Part I. Incidence and characterization. Int J Periodontics Restor Dent. 1995;15:363–75.

Hitti RA, Kerns DG. Guided bone regeneration in the oral cavity: a review. Open Pathol J. 2011;5:33–45.

Kamionka M. Engineering of therapeutic proteins production in Escherichia coli. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2011;12:268–74.

Kiefel V. Reactions induced by platelet transfusions. Transfus Med Hemother. 2008;35:354–8.

Webb CA. Platelet-rich plasma update: clinical use in musculoskeletal care. http://www.rheumatologynetwork.com/articles/platelet-rich-plasma-update-clinical-use-musculoskeletal-care 2012. Accessed 23 Feb 2015.

Marques LF, Stessuk T, Camargo IC, et al. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): methodological aspects and clinical applications. Platelets. 2015;26:101–13.

Intravia J, Allen DA, Durant TJ, et al. In vitro evaluation of the anti-bacterial effect of two preparations of platelet rich plasma compared with cefazolin and whole blood. Muscles, Ligaments Tendons J. 2014;4:79–84.

Sutter WW. PRP: indications for intra-articular use. https://www.acvs.org/files/proceedings/2011/data/papers/041.pdf . Accessed date 12 Dec 2014.

Wu X, Ren J, Yuan Y, et al. Antimicrobial properties of single-donor-derived, platelet-leukocyte fibrin for fistula occlusion: an in vitro study. Platelets. 2013;24:632–6.

Mariani E, Filardo G, Canella V, et al. Platelet-rich plasma affects bacterial growth in vitro. Cytotherapy. 2014;16:1294–304.

Nakajima Y, Kawase T, Kobayashi M, et al. Bioactivity of freeze-dried platelet-rich plasma in an adsorbed form on a biodegradable polymer material. Platelets. 2012;23:594–603.

Tohidnezhad M, Varoga D, Wruck CJ, et al. Platelets display potent antimicrobial activity and release human beta-defensin 2. Platelets. 2012;23:217–23.

Burnouf T, Chou ML, Wu YW, Su CY, Lee LW. Antimicrobial activity of platelet (PLT)-poor plasma, PLT-rich plasma, PLT gel, and solvent/detergent-treated PLT lysate biomaterials against wound bacteria. Transfusion. 2013;53:138–46.

Anitua E. Plasma rich in growth factors: preliminary results of use in the preparation of future sites for implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:529–35.

Anitua E. The use of plasma-rich growth factors (PRGF) in oral surgery. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2001;13:487–93.

Anitua E, Sanchez M, Orive G. The importance of understanding what is platelet-rich growth factor (PRGF) and what is not. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2011;20:e23–4 e4.

Choukroun J. Advanced PRF &i-PRF: platelet concentrates or blood concentrates? J Periodont Med Clin Pract. 2014;1:3.

Ghanaati S, Booms P, Orlowska A, et al. Advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF)—a new concept for cell-based tissue engineering by means of inflammatory cells. J Oral Implantol. 2014;40(6):679.

Rodella LF, Favero G, Boninsegna R, et al. Growth factors, CD34 positive cells, and fibrin network analysis in concentrated growth factors fraction. Microsc Res Tech. 2011;74:772–7.

Wolkers WF, Walker NJ, Tablin F, Crowe JH. Human platelets loaded with trehalose survive freeze-drying. Cryobiology. 2001;42:79–87.

Crowe JH, Tablin F, Wolkers WF, et al. Stabilization of membranes in human platelets freeze-dried with trehalose. Chem Phys Lipids. 2003;122:41–52.

Brumfiel G. Cell biology: just add water. Nature. 2004;428:14–5.

Pietramaggiori G, Kaipainen A, Czeczuga JM, Wagner CT, Orgill DP. Freeze-dried platelet-rich plasma shows beneficial healing properties in chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 2006;14:573–80.

Sum R, Hager S, Pietramaggiori G, et al. Wound-healing properties of trehalose-stabilized freeze-dried outdated platelets. Transfusion. 2007;47:672–9.

Horimizu M, Kawase T, Nakajima Y, et al. An improved freeze-dried PRP-coated biodegradable material suitable for connective tissue regenerative therapy. Cryobiology. 2013;66:223–32.

Wolff LF. Guided tissue regeneration in periodontal therapy. Northwest Dent. 2000;79(23–8):40.

Bottino MC, Thomas V, Schmidt G, et al. Recent advances in the development of GTR/GBR membranes for periodontal regeneration–a materials perspective. Dent Mater. 2012;28:703–21.

Stoecklin-Wasmer C, Rutjes AW, da Costa BR, et al. Absorbable collagen membranes for periodontal regeneration: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2013;92:773–81.

Kawase T, Kamiya M, Kobayashi M, et al. The heat-compression technique for the conversion of platelet-rich fibrin preparation to a barrier membrane with a reduced rate of biodegradation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2015;103:825–31.

Bieback K. Platelet lysate as replacement for fetal bovine serum in mesenchymal stromal cell cultures. Transfus Med Hemother. 2013;40:326–35.

Shih DT, Burnouf T. Preparation, quality criteria, and properties of human blood platelet lysate supplements for ex vivo stem cell expansion. New Biotechnol. 2015;32:199–211.

Rubio-Azpeitia E, Andia I. Partnership between platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells: in vitro experience. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2014;4:52–62.

Robinson SN, Talmadge JE. Sustained release of growth factors. In Vivo (Athens, Greece). 2002;16:535–40.

Yamamoto M, Ikada Y, Tabata Y. Controlled release of growth factors based on biodegradation of gelatin hydrogel. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2001;12:77–88.

Kawase T, Okuda K, Nagata M, Yoshie H. The cell-multilayered periosteal sheet—a promising osteogenic and osteoinductive grafting material. New Trends Tissue Eng Regen Med. Prof. Hideharu Hibi (Ed.). 2014:19–35.

Harmon K, Hanson R, Bowen J, et al. Guidelines for the use of platelet rich plasma. http://www.cellmedicinesociety.org/attachments/206_ICMS%20-%20Guidelines%20for%20the%20use%20of%20Platelet%20Rich%20Plasma%20-%20Draft.pdf . Accessed date 12 Dec 2014.