Plants of the Spontaneous Flora with Beneficial Action in the Management of Diabetes, Hepatic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Disease

Niva, 2007, “All foods affect health”: Understandings of functional foods and healthy eating among health-oriented Finns, Appetite, 48, 384, 10.1016/j.appet.2006.10.006

Alissa, E.M., and Ferns, G.A. (2012). Functional foods and nutraceuticals in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. J. Nutr. Metab., 2012.

Mohamed, 2014, Functional foods against metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia) and cardiovasular disease, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 35, 114, 10.1016/j.tifs.2013.11.001

Wan, 2018, Protective effects of plant-derived flavonoids on hepatic injury, J. Funct. Foods, 44, 283, 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.015

Bagchi, D. (2019). Botanical Nutraceuticals (Food Supplements And Fortified And Functional Foods) and Novel Foods in the EU, with a Main Focus on Legislative Controls on Safety Aspects. Nutraceutical and Functional Food Regulations in the United States and around the World, Elsevier Academic Press.

Pappalardo, 2016, The role of beliefs in purchasing process of functional foods, Food Qual. Prefer., 53, 151, 10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.06.009

Marra, 2008, Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Trends Mol. Med., 14, 72, 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.12.003

Manco, M. (2017). Insulin resistance and NAFLD: A dangerous liaison beyond the genetics. Children, 4.

Friedman, 2018, Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies, Nat. Med., 24, 908, 10.1038/s41591-018-0104-9

Timmis, 2018, European society of cardiology: Cardiovascular disease statistics 2017, Eur. Heart J., 39, 508, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx628

Bellou, 2018, Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses, PLoS ONE, 13, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0194127

Domingueti, 2016, Diabetes mellitus: The linkage between oxidative stress, inflammation, hypercoagulability and vascular complications, J. Diabetes Complicat., 30, 738, 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.12.018

Zheng, 2018, Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications, Nat. Rev. Endocrinol., 14, 88, 10.1038/nrendo.2017.151

Loomba, 2013, The global NAFLD epidemic, Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 10, 686, 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.171

Younossi, 2019, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease—A global public health perspective, J. Hepatol., 70, 531, 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.033

Rosso, 2018, Global epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: What we need in the future, Liver Int., 38, 47, 10.1111/liv.13643

Chalasani, 2018, The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the study of liver diseases, Hepatology, 67, 328, 10.1002/hep.29367

Younossi, Z.M., Rinella, M.E., Sanyal, A., Harrison, S.A., Brunt, E., Goodman, Z., Cohen, D.E., and Loomba, R. (2020). From NAFLD to MAFLD: Implications of a premature change in terminology. Hepatology, 1–7.

Adams, 2005, The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A population-based cohort study, Gastroenterology, 129, 113, 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.04.014

Patel, 2019, Current and emerging therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Drugs, 79, 75, 10.1007/s40265-018-1040-1

Friedman, 2015, Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Gastroenterology, 149, 367, 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005

Lambrecht, 2020, Current and emerging pharmacotherapeutic interventions for the treatment of liver fibrosis, Expert Opin. Pharm., 21, 1637, 10.1080/14656566.2020.1774553

Gawrieh, 2018, Emerging treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Clin. Liver Dis., 22, 189, 10.1016/j.cld.2017.08.013

Sajadimajd, 2019, Plant-derived supplementary carbohydrates, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in management of diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review, Food Rev. Int., 35, 563, 10.1080/87559129.2019.1584818

Ginwala, R., Bhavsar, R., Chigbu, D.G.I., Jain, P., and Khan, Z.K. (2019). Potential role of flavonoids in treating chronic inflammatory diseases with a special focus on the anti-inflammatory activity of apigenin. Antioxidants, 8.

Al-Ishaq, R.K., Abotaleb, M., Kubatka, P., Kajo, K., and Büsselberg, D. (2019). Flavonoids and their anti-diabetic effects: Cellular mechanisms and effects to improve blood sugar levels. Biomolecules, 9.

Younossi, 2017, Current and Future therapeutic regimens for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), Hepatology, 777, 1

Polimeni, 2017, The role of nutraceuticals for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Br. J. Clin. Pharm., 83, 88, 10.1111/bcp.12899

Delmas, D. (2020). Silymarin and derivatives: From biosynthesis to health benefits. Molecules, 25.

Kalopitas, 2021, The impact of silymarin in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Nutrition, 83, 111092, 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111092

Qais, 2018, A review on anti-diabetic plants, Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci., 17, 139, 10.3329/dujps.v17i1.37130

Sapko, 2017, Effects of extracts of agrimonia asiatica and geranium collinum on lipid peroxidation and the blood antioxidant enzyme activity in rats with alloxan diabetes, Pharm. Chem. J., 51, 596, 10.1007/s11094-017-1659-3

2017, Towards the top: Niche expansion of Taraxacum officinale and Ulex europaeus in mountain regions of South America, Austral. Ecol., 42, 577, 10.1111/aec.12476

Rohela, 2020, Mulberry (Morus spp.): An ideal plant for sustainable development, Trees. For. People, 2, 100011, 10.1016/j.tfp.2020.100011

Sergio, 2012, Effect of salt stress on growth parameters, enzymatic antioxidant system, and lipid peroxidation in wild chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), Acta Physiol. Plant., 34, 2349, 10.1007/s11738-012-1038-3

Carle, 2006, Taraxacum-A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profiles, J. Ethnopharmacol., 107, 313, 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.021

Visioli, 2012, Diverse biological activities of dandelion, Nutr. Rev., 70, 534, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00509.x

Grauso, 2019, Common dandelion: A review of its botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological profiles, Phytochem. Rev., 18, 1115, 10.1007/s11101-019-09622-2

Fatima, 2018, Dandelion: Phytochemistry and clinical potential, J. Med. Plants Stud., 6, 198

Lis, 2019, The anti-oxidative and hemostasis-related multifunctionality of L-chicoric acid, the main component of dandelion: An In Vitro study of its cellular safety, antioxidant and anti-platelet properties, and effect on coagulation, J. Funct. Foods, 62, 103524, 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103524

Wang, 2019, Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaves, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 126, 846, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.232

Ivanov, 2014, Polyphenols content and antioxidant activities of Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg (Dandelion) leaves, Int. J. Pharm. Phytochem. Res., 6, 889

Wirngo, 2016, The physiological effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in type 2 diabetes, Rev. Diabet. Stud., 13, 113, 10.1900/RDS.2016.13.113

Roberts, 2018, Ethnobotany of the genus Taraxacum—Phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity, Phyther. Res., 32, 2131, 10.1002/ptr.6157

Sharma, 2015, Occurrence of taraxerol and taraxasterol in medicinal plants, Pharm. Rev., 9, 19

Bao, 2018, Taraxasterol suppresses the growth of human liver cancer by upregulating Hint1 expression, J. Mol. Med., 96, 661, 10.1007/s00109-018-1652-7

Chun, 2018, Taraxacum: Phytochemistry and health benefits, Chin. Herb. Med., 10, 353

Faria, 2019, Literature review on the biological effects of taraxacum officinale plant in therapy, Asian J. Pharm. Res. Dev., 7, 94, 10.22270/ajprd.v7i3.502

Cho, 2002, Alternation of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by supplementation of dandelion water extract, Clin. Chim. Acta, 317, 109, 10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00762-8

Petlevski, 2003, Glutathione S-transferases and malondialdehyde in the liver of NOD mice on short-term treatment with plant mixture extract P-9801091, Phyther. Res., 17, 311, 10.1002/ptr.1128

Nnamdi, 2012, Hypoglycemic effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.) leaves and roots on streptozotocin-induced albino rats, Glob. J. Res. Med. Plants Indig. Med., 1, 172

2015, Flavonoids and related compounds in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease therapy, Curr. Med. Chem., 22, 2991, 10.2174/0929867322666150805094940

Hussain, 2004, The effect of medicinal plants of islamabad and murree region of pakistan on insulin secretion from INS-1 cells, Phyther. Res., 18, 73, 10.1002/ptr.1372

Timur, 2005, Inhibition of α-glucosidase by aqueous extracts of some potent antidiabetic medicinal herbs, Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol., 35, 29, 10.1081/PB-200041438

Sawhney, 2015, In-Vitro antidiabetic studies of various extracts of Taraxacum officinale, Pharma Innov. J., 4, 61

Rupasinghe, 2019, Evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiobesity potential of selected traditional medicinal plants, Front. Nutr., 6, 1

Masarone, 2017, Liver biopsy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Steatohepatitis represents the sole feature of liver damage, PLoS ONE, 12, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0178473

Kim, 2006, Effect of herbal extract mixtures on serum and liver lipid metabolism in chronic ethanol-administered rats, J. Health Sci., 52, 344, 10.1248/jhs.52.344

Colle, 2012, Antioxidant properties of Taraxacum officinale leaf extract are involved in the protective effect against hepatoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice, J. Med. Food, 15, 549, 10.1089/jmf.2011.0282

Park, 2010, TOP1 and 2, polysaccharides from Taraxacum officinale, attenuate CCl4-induced hepatic damage through the modulation of NF-κB and its regulatory mediators, Food Chem. Toxicol., 48, 1255, 10.1016/j.fct.2010.02.019

Mahesh, 2010, Hepatocurative potential of sesquiterpene lactones of Taraxacum officinale on carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in mice, Acta Biol. Hung., 61, 175, 10.1556/ABiol.61.2010.2.6

Jakovac, 2010, Antifibrotic activity of Taraxacum officinale root in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice, J. Ethnopharmacol., 130, 569, 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.046

Park, 2010, Amelioration of oxidative stress by dandelion extract through CYP2E1 suppression against acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in sprague-dawley rats, Phyther. Res., 24, 1347, 10.1002/ptr.3121

Gulfraz, 2014, Effect of leaf extracts of Taraxacum officinale on CCl 4 induced Hepatotoxicity in rats, In Vivo study, PJPS, 27, 825

Hfaiedh, 2014, Hepatoprotective effect of Taraxacum officinale leaf extract on sodium dichromate-induced liver injury in rats, Environ. Toxicol., 31, 339, 10.1002/tox.22048

Cai, L., Wan, D., Yi, F., and Luan, L. (2017). Purification, preliminary characterization and hepatoprotective effects of polysaccharides from dandelion root. Molecules, 22.

Gargouri, 2017, Dandelion-enriched diet of mothers alleviates lead-induced damages in liver of newborn rats, Cell. Mol. Biol., 63, 67, 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.2.10

Davaatseren, 2013, Taraxacum official (dandelion) leaf extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver, Food Chem. Toxicol., 58, 30, 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.023

Davaatseren, 2013, Dandelion leaf extract protects against liver injury induced by methionine- and choline-deficient diet in mice, J. Med. Food, 16, 26, 10.1089/jmf.2012.2226

You, 2010, In Vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract from Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) root against alcohol-induced oxidative stress, Food Chem. Toxicol., 48, 1632, 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.037

Lugasi, 2000, The In Vitro effect of dandelions antioxidants on microsomal lipid peroxidation, Phyther. Res., 14, 43, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(200002)14:1<43::AID-PTR522>3.0.CO;2-Q

Maliakal, 2001, Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats, J. Pharm. Pharm., 53, 1323, 10.1211/0022357011777819

Koo, 2004, Taraxacum officinale induces cytotoxicity through TNF-α and IL-1α secretion in Hep G2 cells, Life Sci., 74, 1149, 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.030

Fattah, 2019, Differential effect of Taraxacum officinale L. (dandelion) root extract on hepatic and testicular tissues of rats exposed to ionizing radiation, Mol. Biol. Rep., 46, 4893, 10.1007/s11033-019-04939-9

Neef, 1996, Platelet anti-aggregating activity of Taraxacum officinale Weber, Phyther. Res., 10, 1996

Kim, 2009, Leafy vegetable mix supplementation improves lipid profiles and antioxidant status in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet, J. Med. Food, 12, 877, 10.1089/jmf.2008.1125

Choi, 2010, Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root and leaf on cholesterol-fed rabbits, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11, 67, 10.3390/ijms11010067

Majewski, M., Lis, B., Juśkiewicz, J., Ognik, K., Borkowska-Sztachańska, M., Jedrejek, D., Stochmal, A., and Olas, B. (2020). Phenolic fractions from dandelion leaves and petals as modulators of the antioxidant status and lipid profile in an In Vivo study. Antioxidants, 9.

Hu, 2005, Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents lipid oxidation In Vitro, Phytomedicine, 12, 588, 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.012

Kontek, 2017, Evaluation of antioxidant activity of phenolic fractions from the leaves and petals of dandelion in human plasma treated with H2O2 and H2O2/Fe, Chemico-Biol. Interact., 262, 29, 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.003

Lis, 2018, Assessment of effects of phenolic fractions from leaves and petals of dandelion in selected components of hemostasis, Food Res. Int., 107, 605, 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.012

Jedrejek, 2019, Comparative phytochemical, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and haemostatic studies of Taraxacum officinale root preparations, Food Chem. Toxicol., 126, 233, 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.017

Lis, 2019, Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) root components exhibit anti-oxidative and antiplatelet action in an In Vitro study, J. Funct. Foods, 59, 16, 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.019

Lis, B., Jedrejek, D., Rywaniak, J., Soluch, A., Stochmal, A., and Olas, B. (2020). Flavonoid preparations from Taraxacum officinale L. fruits—A phytochemical, antioxidant and hemostasis studies. Molecules, 25.

Tag, H.M. (2015). Hepatoprotective effect of mulberry (Morus nigra) leaves extract against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rat. BMC Complement. Altern Med., 15.

Thabti, 2014, Phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaves and stem bark of morus species and antibacterial activity of leaves, Int. J. Food Prop., 17, 842, 10.1080/10942912.2012.660722

Iqbal, 2012, Proximate composition and antioxidant potential of leaves from three varieties of mulberry (Morus sp.): A comparative study, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13, 6651, 10.3390/ijms13066651

Tassotti, 2016, (Poly)phenolic fingerprint and chemometric analysis of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry leaves by using a non-targeted UHPLC-MS approach, Food Chem., 212, 250, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.121

Moura, 2019, Chemical constituents from the leaves of Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) collected in Casa Nova, Bahia, Brazil, Rev. Virtual Quim., 11, 394, 10.21577/1984-6835.20190029

Ercisli, 2007, Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits, Food Chem., 103, 1380, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.054

Kostic, 2013, Phenolic content and antioxidant activities of fruit extracts of Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) from Southeast Serbia, Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 12, 105

Mena, 2015, Phytochemical evaluation of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry fruits, a starting point for the assessment of their beneficial properties, J. Funct. Foods, 12, 399, 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.010

Eyduran, 2015, Organic acids, sugars, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds in fruits of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry genotypes, J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual., 88, 134

Khazaei, 2002, Clinical trial of antidiabetic effect of Morus Nigra leave extracts, Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci., 5, 27

Asai, 2011, Effect of mulberry leaf extract with enriched 1-deoxynojirimycin content on postprandial glycemic control in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism, J. Diabetes Investig., 2, 318, 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00101.x

Attieh, 2015, Mulberry leaves lower the enzymatic activity and expression of hepatic arylsulfatase B in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Curr. Top. Nutraceutical Res., 13, 121

Volpato, 2011, Effect of Morus nigra aqueous extract treatment on the maternal-fetal outcome, oxidative stress status and lipid profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, J. Ethnopharmacol., 138, 691, 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.044

Hassanalilou, 2017, The protective effects of Morus nigra L. leaves on the kidney function tests and histological structures in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Biomed. Res., 28, 6113

Sheng, 2018, Mulberry leaf tea alleviates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting PKC signaling and modulating intestinal flora, J. Funct. Foods, 46, 118, 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.040

Li, 2011, Hybrid of 1-deoxynojirimycin and polysaccharide from mulberry leaves treat diabetes mellitus by activating PDX-1/insulin-1 signaling pathway and regulating the expression of glucokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase in allox, J. Ethnopharmacol., 134, 961, 10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.009

Hago, S., Mahrous, E.A., Moawad, M., Abdel-Wahab, S., and Abdel-Sattar, E. (2019). Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Morus nigra L. and Bauhinia variegata L. leaves as Egyptian remedies used for the treatment of diabetes. Nat. Prod. Res., 1–7.

Da Silva, D.H.A., de Moura, B.H., de Almeida, B.R.L., de França, S.C.O., Moura, C.A., Castro, R.N., de Silva, A.J.R.G., Gomes, D.A., and Lira, E.C. (2020). Hexane fraction from Brazilian Morus nigra leaves improved oral carbohydrate tolerance and inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in diabetic mice. Nat. Prod. Res., 1–4.

Wang, 2008, Effect of extracts of mulberry leaves processed differently on the activity of α-glucosidase, J. Food Agric. Environ., 6, 86

Nickavar, 2009, Influence of three Morus species extracts on α-Amylase activity, IJPR, 8, 115

Li, 2020, Mulberry leaf polyphenols attenuated postprandial glucose absorption via inhibition of disaccharidases activity and glucose transport in Caco-2 cells, Food Funct., 11, 1835, 10.1039/C9FO01345H

Johansson, 2010, Regulation of apoptosis-associated lysosomal membrane permeabilization, Apoptosis, 15, 527, 10.1007/s10495-009-0452-5

Li, 2019, 1-Deoxynojirimycin modulates glucose homeostasis by regulating the combination of IR-GlUT4 and ADIPO-GLUT4 pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Mol. Biol. Rep., 46, 6277, 10.1007/s11033-019-05069-y

Budiman, 2020, The formulation of lozenge using black mulberries (Morus nigra L.) leaf extract as an α-glucosidase inhibitor, J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci., 12, 171, 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_219_19

Mallhi, 2014, Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous methanolic extract of Morus nigra against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice, Bangladesh J. Pharm., 9, 60

Araujo, 2015, Morus nigra leaf extract improves glycemic response and redox profile in the liver of diabetic rats, Food Funct., 6, 3490, 10.1039/C5FO00474H

Deniz, 2018, The effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra) extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage, Arch. Biol. Sci., 70, 371, 10.2298/ABS171009055D

Figueredo, 2018, Safety assessment of Morus nigra L. leaves: Acute and subacute oral toxicity studies in wistar rats, J. Ethnopharmacol., 224, 290, 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.013

Diab, 2020, Inhibitory activity of black mulberry (Morus nigra) extract against testicular, liver and kidney toxicity induced by paracetamol in mice, Mol. Biol. Rep., 47, 1733, 10.1007/s11033-020-05265-1

Sukandar, 2016, The study of ethanolic extract of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia [Ten.] Steenis) and mulberry leaves (Morus nigra L.) in combination on hyperlipidemic-induced rats, AJPCR, 9, 288

Zeni, 2017, Evaluation of phenolic compounds and lipid-lowering effect of Morus nigra leaves extract, Anais Acad. Brasileira Ciências, 89, 2805, 10.1590/0001-3765201720160660

Fan, 2020, Dietary supplementation of Morus nigra L. leaves decrease fat mass partially through elevating leptin-stimulated lipolysis in pig model, J. Ethnopharmacol., 249, 112416, 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112416

Jiang, 2017, Effects of the ethanol extract of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruit on experimental atherosclerosis in rats, J. Ethnopharmacol., 200, 228, 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.037

Thaipitakwong, 2018, Mulberry leaves and their potential effects against cardiometabolic risks: A review of chemical compositions, biological properties and clinical efficacy, Pharm. Biol., 56, 109, 10.1080/13880209.2018.1424210

Chang, 2013, Mulberry anthocyanins inhibit oleic acid induced lipid accumulation by reduction of lipogenesis and promotion of hepatic lipid clearance, J. Agric. Food Chem., 61, 6069, 10.1021/jf401171k

Krishna, 2018, Antioxidant and hemolysis protective effects of polyphenol-rich extract from mulberry fruits, Pharm. Mag., 14, 103, 10.4103/pm.pm_491_16

Costa, 2020, Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the effect of Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) leaf powder on symptoms and quality of life among climacteric women, Int. J. Gynecol. Obs., 148, 243, 10.1002/ijgo.13057

Norbak, 2002, Anthocyanins from flowers of Cichorium intybus, Phytochemistry, 60, 357, 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00055-9

Shad, 2013, Determination of some biochemicals, phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of different parts of Cichorium intybus L.: A comparative study, J. Anim. Plant. Sci., 23, 1060

Street, R.A., Sidana, J., and Prinsloo, G. (2013). Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., 2013.

Saeed, 2017, Chicory (Cichorium intybus) herb: Chemical composition, pharmacology, nutritional and healthical applications, Int. J. Pharm., 13, 351, 10.3923/ijp.2017.351.360

Leijten, W., Koes, R., Roobeek, I., and Frugis, G. (2018). Translating flowering time from Arabidopsis thaliana to Brassicaceae and Asteraceae crop species. Plants, 7.

Milala, 2011, Composition of chicory root, peel, seed and leaf ethanol extracts and biological properties of their non-inulin fractions, Food Technol. Biotechnol., 49, 40

Tardugno, 2018, Polyphenolic profile of Cichorium intybus L. endemic varieties from the Veneto region of Italy, Food Chem., 266, 175, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.085

Fatema, 2017, Evaluation of phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Cichorium intybus (L) Based on supercritical fluid extract, Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci., 8, 1857

Katiyar, 2015, Evaluating hypoglycemic potential of Kasni (Chicorium intybus) seed preparations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, IJPSR, 6, 4534

2012, Effects of different sources of fructans on body weight, blood metabolites and fecal bacteria in normal and obese non-diabetic and diabetic rats, Plant. Foods Hum. Nutr., 67, 64, 10.1007/s11130-011-0266-9

Ghamarian, 2012, Effect of chicory seed extract on glucose tolerance test (GTT) and metabolic profile in early and late stage diabetic rats, DARU J. Pharm. Sci., 20, 56, 10.1186/2008-2231-20-56

Abouzid, 2014, Antihyperglycemic effect of crude extracts of some Egyptian plants and algae, J. Med. Food, 17, 400, 10.1089/jmf.2013.0068

Shim, 2016, Cichorium intybus Linn. extract prevents type 2 diabetes through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, J. Med. Food, 19, 310, 10.1089/jmf.2015.3556

Herosimczyk, 2017, Dietary chicory root and chicory inulin trigger changes in energetic metabolism, stress prevention and cytoskeletal proteins in the liver of growing pigs—A proteomic study, J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 101, e225

Ziamajidi, 2013, Amelioration by chicory seed extract of diabetes- and oleic acid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) via modulation of PPARα and SREBP-1, Food Chem. Toxicol., 58, 198, 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.018

Wu, 2018, Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) polysaccharides attenuate high-fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via AMPK activation, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 118, 886, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.140

Keshk, 2019, Mechanistic evaluation of AMPK/SIRT1/FXR signaling axis, inflammation, and redox status in thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis: The role of Cichorium intybus linn (chicory)-supplemented diet, J. Food Biochem., 43, e12938, 10.1111/jfbc.12938

Schumacher, 2011, Thrombosis preventive potential of chicory coffee consumption: A clinical study, Phyther. Res., 25, 744, 10.1002/ptr.3481

Bian, 2020, Chicory ameliorates hyperuricemia via modulating gut microbiota and alleviating LPS/TLR4 axis in quail, Biomed. Pharm., 131, 110719, 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110719

Keshk, 2015, Impact of chicory-supplemented diet on HMG-CoA reductase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, visfatin and anti-oxidant status in triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, J. Food Biochem., 39, 164, 10.1111/jfbc.12115

Kim, 1998, The water-soluble extract of chicory influences serum and liver lipid concentrations, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and fecal lipid excretion in rats, J. Nutr., 128, 1731, 10.1093/jn/128.10.1731

Mulabagal, 2009, Characterization and quantification of health beneficial anthocyanins in leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus) varieties, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 230, 47, 10.1007/s00217-009-1144-7

Park, 2018, Mulberry and dandelion water extracts prevent alcohol-induced steatosis with alleviating gut microbiome dysbiosis, Exp. Biol. Med., 243, 882, 10.1177/1535370218789068

Zhao, 2018, Dandelion chloroform extract promotes glucose uptake via the AMPK/GLUT4 pathway in L6 cells, Evid. Based Complementary Altern. Med., 2018, 1, 10.1155/2018/1709587

He, 2010, Anthocyanins: Natural colorants with health-promoting properties, Annu. Rev. Food Sci.Technol., 1, 163, 10.1146/annurev.food.080708.100754

Wallace, 2011, Anthocyanins in cardiovascular disease, Adv. Nutr., 2, 1, 10.3945/an.110.000042

Banjari, 2019, Traditional herbal medicines for diabetes used in Europe and Asia: Remedies from Croatia and Sri Lanka, Altern. Health Med., 25, 40

Ignat, M.V., Salanţă, L.C., Pop, O.L., Pop, C.R., Tofană, M., Mudura, E., Coldea, T.E., Borşa, A., and Pasqualone, A. (2020). Current functionality and potential improvements of non-alcoholic fermented cereal beverages. Foods, 9.

Socaci, 2019, Morus nigra L. leaves-Therapeutic properties in liver diseases and related disorders, Hop Med. Plants, 27, 66

Socaci, 2019, Therapeutic properties of Cichorium intybus L. roots in liver diseases, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, Hop Med. Plants, 27, 76

Mayurnikova, 2017, Development of a functional basis of phyto-beverages with an increased antioxidant activity for the correction of nutrition of patients with diabetes mellitus, Foods Raw. Mater., 5, 178, 10.21603/2308-4057-2017-2-178-188

Kmiecik, 2018, Phytonutrients in oat (Avena sativa L.) drink: Effect of plant extract on antiradical capacity, nutritional value and sensory characteristics, Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci., 68, 63, 10.1515/pjfns-2017-0009

Salanță, L.C., Coldea, T.E., Ignat, M.V., Pop, C.R., Tofană, M., Mudura, E., Borșa, A., Pasqualone, A., and Zhao, H. (2020). Non-alcoholic and craft beer production and challenges. Processes, 8.