Plant–soil feedbacks: the past, the present and future challenges

Journal of Ecology - Tập 101 Số 2 - Trang 265-276 - 2013
Wim H. van der Putten1,2, Richard D. Bardgett3, James D. Bever4, Т. Martijn Bezemer1, Brenda B. Casper5, Tadashi Fukami6, Paul Kardol7, John N. Klironomos8, Andrew Kulmatiski9, Jennifer A. Schweitzer10, Katharine N. Suding11, Tess F. J. van de Voorde1,12, David A. Wardle7
1Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
2Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, the Netherlands
3Soil and Ecosystem Ecology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
4Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
5322 Leidy Laboratories, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
6Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA
7Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
8Okanagan, Biology and Physical Geography Unit, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
9Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4820 USA
10Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
11Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3144, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
12Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

Summary

Plant–soil feedbacks is becoming an important concept for explaining vegetation dynamics, the invasiveness of introduced exotic species in new habitats and how terrestrial ecosystems respond to global land use and climate change. Using a new conceptual model, we show how critical alterations in plant–soil feedback interactions can change the assemblage of plant communities. We highlight recent advances, define terms and identify future challenges in this area of research and discuss how variations in strengths and directions of plant–soil feedbacks can explain succession, invasion, response to climate warming and diversity‐productivity relationships.

While there has been a rapid increase in understanding the biological, chemical and physical mechanisms and their interdependencies underlying plant–soil feedback interactions, further progress is to be expected from applying new experimental techniques and technologies, linking empirical studies to modelling and field‐based studies that can include plant–soil feedback interactions on longer time scales that also include long‐term processes such as litter decomposition and mineralization.

Significant progress has also been made in analysing consequences of plant–soil feedbacks for biodiversity‐functioning relationships, plant fitness and selection.

To further integrate plant–soil feedbacks into ecological theory, it will be important to determine where and how observed patterns may be generalized, and how they may influence evolution.

Synthesis. Gaining a greater understanding of plant–soil feedbacks and underlying mechanisms is improving our ability to predict consequences of these interactions for plant community composition and productivity under a variety of conditions. Future research will enable better prediction and mitigation of the consequences of human‐induced global changes, improve efforts of restoration and conservation and promote sustainable provision of ecosystem services in a rapidly changing world.

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Journal of Ecology

Tập 101 Số 2

265-276

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