Pituitary and placental gonadotrophins and sex steroids in the human and sub-human primate fetus

Abramovich, 1973, Foetal plasma testosterone levels at mid-pregnancy and at term, Journal of Endocrinology, 56, 621, 10.1677/joe.0.0560621

Ainsworth, 1969, Steroid hormone transformations by endocrine organs from pregnant mammals. IV. Biosynthesis and metabolism of estrogens and progesterone by primate placental preparations in vitro, Endocrinology, 84, 1421, 10.1210/endo-84-6-1421

Aksel, 1977, Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the human fetal brain, Fertility and Sterility, 28, 1067, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)42856-6

Albrecht, 1976, Metabolic clearance and production rates of progesterone in non-pregnant and pregnant baboons (Papio papio), Endocrinology, 99, 1291, 10.1210/endo-99-5-1291

Anderson, 1974, Sex-hormone-binding globulin, Clinical Endocrinology, 3, 69, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1974.tb03298.x

Attardi, 1976, Androgen and estrogen receptors in the developing mouse brain, Endocrinology, 99, 1279, 10.1210/endo-99-5-1279

Aubert, 1977, The ontogenesis of human fetal hormones. IV. Somatostatin, luteinizing hormone releasing factor, and thyrotropin releasing factor in hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of human fetuses 10–22 weeks of age, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 44, 1130, 10.1210/jcem-44-6-1130

August, 1969, Plasma testosterone-binding affinity and testosterone in umbilical cord plasma, late pregnancy, prepubertal children, and adults, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 29, 891, 10.1210/jcem-29-7-891

Baker, 1975, The genesis of cell types in the adenohypophysis of the human fetus as observed with immunocytochemistry, American Journal of Anatomy, 143, 137, 10.1002/aja.1001430202

Barraclough, 1961, Evidence that the hypothalamus is responsible for androgen-induced sterility in the female rat, Endocrinology, 68, 68, 10.1210/endo-68-1-68

Belisle, 1977, Amniotic fluid testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the determination of fetal sex, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 128, 514, 10.1016/0002-9378(77)90034-5

Bosu, 1973, Peripheral plasma levels of oestrogens, progesterone, and 17αhydroxyprogesterone during gestation in the rhesus monkey, Acta Endocrinologica, 74, 348, 10.1530/acta.0.0740348

Bosu, 1973, Patterns of circulating estrone, estradiol and progesterone during pregnancy in the rhesus monkey, Acta Endocrinologica, 74, 743, 10.1530/acta.0.0740743

Bosu, 1974, Influence of oophorectomy, luteectomy, foetal death and dexamethasone on the peripheral plasma levels of oestrogens and progesterone in the pregnant Macaca mulatta, Acta Endocrinologica, 75, 601, 10.1530/acta.0.0750601

Bugnon, 1977, Cytoimmunological study of the ontogenesis of the gonadotropic hypothalamo-pituitary axis in the human fetus, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 8, 565, 10.1016/0022-4731(77)90263-1

Catt, 1973, Absence of intrinsic biologic activity in LH and hCG subunits, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 36, 73, 10.1210/jcem-36-1-73

Challis, 1974, The effects of dexamethasone on plasma steroid levels and fetal adrenal histology in the pregnant rhesus monkey, Endocrinology, 95, 1300, 10.1210/endo-95-5-1300

Challis, 1975, The effects of dexamethasone on the peripheral plasma concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone and cortisol in the pregnant rhesus monkey, Endocrinology, 96, 185, 10.1210/endo-96-1-185

Challis, 1977, Steroids in the amniotic fluid of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), Journal of Endocrinology, 73, 355, 10.1677/joe.0.0730355

Ch'in, 1938, Endocrine glands of anencephalic fetuses: quantitative and morphologic study of 15 cases, Chinese Medical Journal, 2, 63

Clements, 1976, Studies on human sexual development. III. Fetal pituitary and serum and amniotic fluid concentrations of LH, CG and FSH, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 42, 9, 10.1210/jcem-42-1-9

Clewell, 1977, Comparison of uterotrophic and vascular effects of estradiol-17β and estriol in the mature organism, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 129, 384, 10.1016/0002-9378(77)90581-6

Collett-Solberg, 1965, A simplified procedure for evaluating estrogenic effects and the sex chromatin pattern in exfoliated cells in urine: studies in premature thelarche and gynecomastia of adolescence, Journal of Pediatrics, 66, 883, 10.1016/S0022-3476(65)80063-4

Conte, 1978, Sexual differentiation: pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis and treatment of anomalies of sex

Davies, 1975, A specific high-affinity limited capacity estrogen binding component in the cytosol of human fetal pituitary and brain tissues, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 40, 909, 10.1210/jcem-40-5-909

Dawood, 1977, Hormones in amniotic fluid, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 128, 576, 10.1016/0002-9378(77)90046-1

De La Lastra, 1977, Luteinizing hormone content of the pituitary gland in pregnant and non-pregnant women, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 44, 921, 10.1210/jcem-44-5-921

Diez d'Aux, 1974, Androgens in the human fetus, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 5, 207, 10.1016/0022-4731(74)90133-2

Dubois, 1965, Observation en microscopie électronique du lobe anterieur de l'hypophyse embryonnaire humaine au troisième mois de la vie intrauterine, Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie et de ses Filiales, 159, 1574

Fishman, 1976, Catechol estrogen formation by the human fetal brain and pituitary, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 42, 177, 10.1210/jcem-42-1-177

Forest, 1975, Pattern of plasma testosterone and Δ4-androstenedione in normal newborns: evidence for testicular activity at birth, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 41, 977, 10.1210/jcem-41-5-977

Forest, 1973, Evidence of testicular activity in early infancy, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 37, 148, 10.1210/jcem-37-1-148

Forest, 1971, Percentage binding of testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in plasma at the time of delivery, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 32, 417, 10.1210/jcem-32-3-417

France, 1969, Placental sulfatase deficiency, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 29, 138, 10.1210/jcem-29-1-138

Franchimont, 1972, Polymorphism of protein and polypeptide hormones, Clinical Endocrinology, 1, 315, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1972.tb00402.x

Gennser, 1976, Pituitary hormone levels in plasma of the human fetus after administration of LRH, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 43, 470, 10.1210/jcem-43-2-470

Gibbons, 1975, In vitro biosynthesis of TSH- and LHreleasing factors by human placenta, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 121, 127, 10.1016/0002-9378(75)90989-8

Goy, 1972, Gonadal hormones and behavior of normal and pseudohermaphroditic non-human female primates, Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 28, 707

Groom, 1973, Effect of hypothalamic releasing factors and steroids on release of gonadotropins by organ cultures of human foetal pituitaries, Journal of Endocrinology, 59, 511, 10.1677/joe.0.0590511

Grumbach, 1960, The effects of androgens on fetal sexual development: androgen-induced female pseudohermaphrodism, Fertility and Sterility, 11, 157, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)33722-0

Grumbach, 1974, Fetal pituitary hormones and the maturation of central nervous system regulation of anterior pituitary function, 247

Grumbach, 1974, Hypothalamic-pituitary regulation of puberty in man; evidence and concepts derived from clinical research, 115

Gulyas, 1977, Effects of fetal or maternal hypophysectomy on endocrine organs and body weight in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with particular emphasis on oogenesis, Biology of Reproduction, 16, 216, 10.1095/biolreprod16.2.216

Hagemenas, 1972, The influence of fetal sex on plasma progesterone levels, Endocrinology, 91, 253, 10.1210/endo-91-1-253

Hagemenas, 1973, The influence of fetal sex on levels of plasma progesterone in the human fetus, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 36, 389, 10.1210/jcem-36-2-389

Hagen, 1975, The gonadotropic hormones and their subunits in human maternal and fetal circulation at delivery, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 121, 926, 10.1016/0002-9378(75)90910-2

Hagen, 1977, The gonadotropins and their subunits in foetal pituitary glands and circulation, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 8, 537, 10.1016/0022-4731(77)90259-X

Hobson, 1971, Production of gonadotrophin, oestrogens and progesterone by the primate placenta, Advances in Reproductive Physiology, 55, 67

Hobson, 1976, Reproductive endocrinology of female chimpanzees: a suitable model of humans, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 1, 657, 10.1080/15287397609529364

Hodgen, 1975, Plasma estrogens, progesterone and chorionic gonadotropin in pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after ovariectomy, Steroids, 25, 275, 10.1016/S0039-128X(75)90186-5

Hodgen, 1975, Duration of chorionic gonadotropin production by the placenta of the rhesus monkey, Endocrinology, 96, 789, 10.1210/endo-96-3-789

Hodgen, 1972, Estrogens, progesterone and chorionic gonadotropin in pregnant rhesus monkeys, Endocrinology, 91, 896, 10.1210/endo-91-4-896

Huhtaniemi, 1977, Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) content of human fetal tissues, Endocrinology, 100, 113a

Jaffe, 1972, Conversion of pregnenolone and pregnenolone sulfate to other steroid sulfates by the human fetus perfused at mid-gestation, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 35, 647, 10.1210/jcem-35-5-646

Jaffe, 1977, Regulation of the primate fetal adrenal gland and testis in vitro and in vivo, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 8, 479, 10.1016/0022-4731(77)90250-3

Jenkin, 1976, Formation of oestradiol-17β from oestrone sulphate by sheep foetal pituitary in vitro, Nature, 259, 330, 10.1038/259330a0

Josso, 1972, Permeability of membranes to the Mullerian-inhibiting substance synthesized by the human fetal testis in vitro: a clue to its biochemical nature, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 34, 265, 10.1210/jcem-34-2-265

Jost, 1970, Hormonal control of fetal development and metabolism, Advances in Metabolic Disorders, 4, 123, 10.1016/B978-0-12-027304-1.50010-7

Jungmann, 1968, Biosynthesis of sterols and steroids from acetate-14C by human fetal ovaries, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 28, 1599, 10.1210/jcem-28-11-1599

Kaplan, 1976, The ontogenesis of human foetal hormones. II. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Acta Endocrinologica, 81, 808, 10.1530/acta.0.0810808

Kaplan, 1976, α and β glycoprotein hormone subunits (hLH, hFSH, hCG) in the serum and pituitary of the human fetus, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 42, 995, 10.1210/jcem-42-5-995

Kaplan, 1976, The ontogenesis of pituitary hormones and hypothalamic factors in the human fetus: maturation of central nervous system regulation of anterior pituitary function, Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 32, 161

Leung, 1972, Metabolism of progesterone in the fetus and placenta of the rhesus monkey, Endocrinology, 91, 341, 10.1210/endo-91-2-341

Levina, 1968, Endocrine features in development of human hypothalamus, hypophysis and placenta, General and Comparative Endocrinology, 11, 151, 10.1016/0016-6480(68)90116-0

Loriaux, 1972, Estrone sulfate, estrone, estradiol and estriol plasma levels in human pregnancy, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 35, 887, 10.1210/jcem-35-6-887

Marshall, 1976, LHRH-pituitary plasma membrane binding: the presence of specific binding sites in other tissues, Clinical Endocrinology, 5, 671, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03870.x

Mizuno, 1968, Plasma androstenedione and testosterone during pregnancy and in the newborn, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 28, 1133, 10.1210/jcem-28-8-1133

Naftolin, 1971, Aromatization of androstenedione by limbic tissue from human foetuses, Journal of Endocrinology, 51, 795, 10.1677/joe.0.0510795

Naftolin, 1975, The formation of estrogens by central neuroendocrine tissues, Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 31, 295

Neill, 1969, Patterns of circulating progesterone concentrations during the fertile menstrual cycle and the remainder of gestation in the rhesus monkey, Endocrinology, 84, 45, 10.1210/endo-84-1-45

Novy, 1977, Experimental fetal anencephaly in the rhesus monkey: effect on gestational length and fetal and maternal plasma steroids, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 45, 1031, 10.1210/jcem-45-5-1031

Parlow, 1970, On the concentration of radioimmunoassayable FSH circulating in blood throughout human pregnancy, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 31, 213, 10.1210/jcem-31-2-213

Pasteels, 1977, Basic concepts in neuroendocrinology, Vol. 2, 1

Paul, 1977, Catechol estrogens: presence in brain and endocrine tissues, Science, 197, 657, 10.1126/science.877577

Payne, 1974, Androgen formation from pregnenolone sulfate by the human fetal ovary, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 39, 300, 10.1210/jcem-39-2-300

Phoenix, 1959, Organizing action of prenatally administered testosterone propionate on the tissues mediating mating behavior in the female guinea pig, Endocrinology, 65, 369, 10.1210/endo-65-3-369

Pierce, 1971, Studies on the structure of thyrotropin: its relationship to luteinizing hormone, Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 27, 165

Prentice, 1975, LH and its subunits in human pituitary, serum and urine, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 40, 303, 10.1210/jcem-40-2-303

Pryse-Davies, 1971, The development of the ovary and uterus in the foetus, newborn and infant: a morphological and enzyme histochemical study, Journal of Pathology, 103, 5, 10.1002/path.1711030103

Reiter, 1975, The response of pituitary gonadotropes to synthetic LRF in children with glucocorticoid-treated congenital adrenal hyperplasia: lack of effect of intrauterine and neonatal androgen excess, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 40, 318, 10.1210/jcem-40-2-318

Resko, 1970, Androgen secretion by the fetal and neonatal rhesus monkey, Endocrinology, 87, 680, 10.1210/endo-87-4-680

Resko, 1977, Fetal hormones and the development of the central nervous system in primates, 139

Resko, 1975, Estrogens in fetal and maternal plasma of the rhesus monkey, Endocrinology, 97, 425, 10.1210/endo-97-2-425

Resko, 1973, Radioimmunoassay of testosterone during fetal development of the rhesus monkey, Endocrinology, 93, 156, 10.1210/endo-93-1-156

Resnik, 1974, The stimulation of uterine blood flow by various estrogens, Endocrinology, 94, 1192, 10.1210/endo-94-4-1192

Reyes, 1973, Studies on human sexual development. I. Fetal gonadal and adrenal sex steroids, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 37, 74, 10.1210/jcem-37-1-74

Reyes, 1974, Studies on human sexual development. II. Fetal and maternal serum gonadotropin and sex steroid concentrations, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 38, 612, 10.1210/jcem-38-4-612

Reyes, 1975, Serial serum levels of gonadotropins, prolactin and sex steroids in the non-pregnant and pregnant chimpanzee, Endocrinology, 96, 1447, 10.1210/endo-96-6-1447

Reynolds, 1973, Urinary steroid levels in newborn infants with intrauterine growth retardation, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 36, 576, 10.1210/jcem-36-3-576

Richards, 1977, Plasma sex steroids and gonadotropins in pubertal girls with CAH: relation to menstrual disorders, 387

Robinson, 1977, Amniotic fluid androgens and estrogens in midgestation, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 45, 755, 10.1210/jcem-45-4-755

Shapiro, 1978, Steroid sulfatase deficiency: a cause of X-linked ichthyosis, Clinical Research, 26, 178A

Shutt, 1974, Oestrone, oestradiol 17β and oestriol levels in human foetal plasma during gestation and at term, Journal of Endocrinology, 60, 333, 10.1677/joe.0.0600333

Siiteri, 1974, Steroid hormones in pregnancy, 231

Siiteri, 1966, Placental estrogen biosynthesis during pregnancy, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 26, 751, 10.1210/jcem-26-7-751

Siler-Khodr, 1978, Content of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor in the human placenta, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 130, 216, 10.1016/0002-9378(78)90369-1

Solomon, 1972, Steroid hormones in non-human primates during pregnancy, Acta Endocrinologica, 166, 178, 10.1530/acta.0.071S178

Soria, 1976, Serum FSH and synthetic LHRH response in pregnant women at term and in the newborn, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 47, 80

Spellacy, 1975, Effects of fetal sex and weight and placental weight on maternal serum progesterone and chorionic gonadotropin concentrations, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 122, 278, 10.1016/0002-9378(75)90167-2

Spona, 1975, Some structural requirements for LH-RH actions, Endocrinologia Experimentalis, 9, 159

Styne, 1976, Developmental pattern of alpha subunit in the fetus, prepubertal and pubertal child and in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, Endocrinology, 98, 168a

Styne, 1977, Alpha glycoprotein hormone subunit (α) after LRF in untreated and estrogen treated gonadal dysgenesis, Pediatric Research, 11, 432, 10.1203/00006450-197704000-00376

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Takagi, 1977, An investigation of the materno-fetal hormonal milieu with special emphasis on the maternal influence, 134

Takagi, 1977, Sex differences in fetal gonadotropins and androgens, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 8, 609, 10.1016/0022-4731(77)90270-9

Tullner, 1972, Chorionic gonadotrophin in non-human primates, Acta Endocrinologica, 166, 200, 10.1530/acta.0.071S200

Tullner, 1975, Maternal estrogen and progesterone levels after hypophysectomy in early pregnancy and in term fetuses or newborn monkeys, Steroids, 26, 625, 10.1016/0039-128X(75)90055-0

Vaitukaitis, 1976, Gonadotropins and their subunits: basic and clinical studies, Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 32, 289

Van Wagenen, 1965

Wachtel, 1977, H-Y antigen and male development, 35

Walsh, 1977, Chorionic gonadotropin, chorionic somatomammotropin, and prolactin in the uterine vein and peripheral plasma of pregnant rhesus monkeys, Endocrinology, 100, 851, 10.1210/endo-100-3-851

Weill, 1954

Winters, 1974, Concentration and distribution of TRH and LRH in the human fetal brain, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 39, 960, 10.1210/jcem-39-5-960

Yoshimi, 1969, Corpus luteum function in early pregnancy, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 29, 225, 10.1210/jcem-29-2-225