Pilot-Scaled Fast-Pyrolysis Conversion of Eucalyptus Wood Fines into Products: Discussion Toward Possible Applications in Biofuels, Materials, and Precursors

BioEnergy Research - Tập 13 - Trang 411-422 - 2020
Mailson Matos1, Bruno D. Mattos2, Pedro H. G. de Cademartori3, Tainise V. Lourençon2, Fabrício A. Hansel4, Patrícia R. S. Zanoni4, Carlos I. Yamamoto1, Washington L. E. Magalhães1,4
1Integrated Program in Engineering & Materials Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
2Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
3Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal (PPGEF) - Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
4Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Based on a circular bioeconomy strategy, eucalypt wood fines rejected from a Kraft pulp line were used as starting material in a pilot-scaled fast-pyrolysis process. The bio-oil and its coproducts were characterized regarding their physical, chemical, and thermal aspects. We put in perspective their properties to bring forward considerations for applications on biofuels, materials, and precursors. The yields of the pilot-scaled fast-pyrolysis process reached interesting values even if compared with optimized laboratory conditions. The results indicated the highest heating values (22–27 MJ/kg) for bio-oil, char, and crust material. The higher water content of aqueous extract had a negative effect for its application as fuel. The lignin/carbohydrate ratio for the bio-oil (2.82) and aqueous extract (0.53) identified a higher concentration of lignin-derived compounds in the first, mainly syringyl units. Bio-oil and aqueous extract presented chemical compounds with many functionalities, such as syringaldehyde and levoglucosan, expanding their potential application for higher value-added products besides energy.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Isikgor FH, Becer CR (2015) Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers. Polym Chem 6:4497–4559. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5PY00263J Singh R, Krishna BB, Mishra G et al (2016) Strategies for selection of thermo-chemical processes for the valorisation of biomass. Renew Energy 98:226–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.023 Malins K (2017) Production of bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of birch sawdust. Energy Convers Manag 144:243–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.053 Le Roux É, Chaouch M, Diouf PN, Stevanovic T (2015) Impact of a pressurized hot water treatment on the quality of bio-oil produced from aspen. Biomass Bioenergy 81:202–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.07.005 Pidtasang B, Sukkasi S, Pattiya A (2016) Effect of in-situ addition of alcohol on yields and properties of bio-oil derived from fast pyrolysis of eucalyptus bark. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 120:82–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.04.012 Zhang S, Xu J, Cai Q, Cui Y (2016) Production of aromatic hydrocarbons by hydrogenation-cocracking of bio-oil and methanol. Fuel Process Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.08.011 Karnjanakom S, Bayu A, Hao X et al (2016) Selectively catalytic upgrading of bio-oil to aromatic hydrocarbons over Zn, Ce or Ni-doped mesoporous rod-like alumina catalysts. J Mol Catal A Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2016.06.001 Bridgwater AV (2012) Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass Bioenergy 38:68–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048 Liu P, Liu WJ, Jiang H et al (2012) Modification of bio-char derived from fast pyrolysis of biomass and its application in removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 121:235–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.085 Mirkouei A, Haapala KR, Sessions J, Murthy GS (2017) A review and future directions in techno-economic modeling and optimization of upstream forest biomass to bio-oil supply chains. Renew Sust Energ Rev 67:15–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.053 Rogers JG, Brammer JG (2012) Estimation of the production cost of fast pyrolysis bio-oil. Biomass Bioenergy 36:208–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.028 Bajpai P (2015) Management of pulp and paper mill waste, 1st edn. Springer, Cham Eufrade Junior HJ, de Melo RX, Sartori MMP et al (2016) Sustainable use of eucalypt biomass grown on short rotation coppice for bioenergy. Biomass Bioenergy 90:15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.037 Neiva D, Fernandes L, Araújo S et al (2015) Chemical composition and Kraft pulping potential of 12 eucalypt species. Ind Crop Prod 66:89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.12.016 Wang Y, Mourant D, Hu X et al (2013) Formation of coke during the pyrolysis of bio-oil. Fuel 108:439–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.052 Sluiter A, Ruiz RO, Scarlata C et al (2004) Determination of extractives in biomass. Biomass Anal Technol Team Lab Anal Proced 1–8:2008 Sluiter A, Hames B, Ruiz R, et al (2005) Determination of ash in biomass. NREL/TP-510-42622 5 Sluiter A, Hames B, Ruiz R, et al (2010) Determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in biomass determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in biomass Wise LE, Maxine M, D’Addieco AA (1946) Chlorite holocellulose, its fractionation and bearing on summative wood analysis and on studies on the hemicelluloses. Tech Assoc pulp Pap Ind 29:210–218 Lima NK, Lopes AR, Guerrero PG et al (2018) Determination of volatile organic compounds in eucalyptus fast pyrolysis bio-oil by full evaporation headspace gas chromatography. Talanta 176:47–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.008 Lyu G, Wu S, Zhang H (2015) Estimation and comparison of bio-oil components from different pyrolysis conditions. Front Energy Res 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2015.00028 Kaal J, Rumpel C (2009) Can pyrolysis-GC/MS be used to estimate the degree of thermal alteration of black carbon? Org Geochem 40:1179–1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.09.002 Park JY, Kim JK, Oh CH et al (2019) Production of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass using a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed reactor and its characterization. J Environ Manag 234:138–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.104 Johansson AC, Sandström L, Öhrman OGW, Jilvero H (2018) Co-pyrolysis of woody biomass and plastic waste in both analytical and pilot scale. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 134:102–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.05.015 Sandström L, Johansson AC, Wiinikka H et al (2016) Pyrolysis of Nordic biomass types in a cyclone pilot plant — mass balances and yields. Fuel Process Technol 152:274–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.06.015 Ghorbannezhad P, Kool F, Rudi H, Ceylan S (2020) Sustainable production of value-added products from fast pyrolysis of palm shell residue in tandem micro-reactor and pilot plant. Renew Energy 145:663–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.063 Milhé M, Van De Steene L, Haube M, et al (2013) Autothermal and allothermal pyrolysis in a continuous fixed bed reactor. In: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. Elsevier B.V., pp 102–111 Greenhalf CE, Nowakowski DJ, Harms AB et al (2013) A comparative study of straw, perennial grasses and hardwoods in terms of fast pyrolysis products. Fuel 108:216–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.01.075 Bridgwater T (2006) Biomass for energy. J Sci Food Agric 86:1755–1768. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2605 Bridgwater AV (2003) Renewable fuels and chemicals by thermal processing of biomass. Chem Eng J 91:87–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(02)00142-0 Wigley T, Yip ACK, Pang S (2017) A detailed product analysis of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of demineralised and torrefied biomass. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 123:194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.12.006 Asadullah M, Ab Rasid NS, Kadir SASA, Azdarpour A (2013) Production and detailed characterization of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell. Biomass Bioenergy 59:316–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.08.037 Xiao X, Chen Z, Chen B (2016) H/C atomic ratio as a smart linkage between pyrolytic temperatures, aromatic clusters and sorption properties of biochars derived from diverse precursory materials. Sci Rep 6:22644 Boateng AA, Lane EM, Pennsyl V (2007) Characterization and thermal conversion of charcoal derived from fluidized-bed fast pyrolysis oil production of Switchgrass †. 8857–8862 Poletto M, Zattera AJ, Forte MMC, Santana RMC (2012) Thermal decomposition of wood: influence of wood components and cellulose crystallite size. Bioresour Technol 109:148–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.122 Nassar M, MacKay G (1984) Mechanism of thermal decomposition of lignin. Wood Fiber Sci 16:441–453 Kabir G, Hameed BH (2017) Recent progress on catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to high-grade bio-oil and bio-chemicals. Renew Sust Energ Rev 70:945–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2016.12.001 Sundqvist T, Oasmaa A, Koskinen A (2015) Upgrading fast pyrolysis bio-oil quality by esterification and Azeotropic water removal. Energy Fuels 29:2527–2534. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00238 Dong C, Zhang Z, Lu Q, Yang Y (2012) Characteristics and mechanism study of analytical fast pyrolysis of poplar wood. Energy Convers Manag 57:49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENCONMAN.2011.12.012 Lv G-J, Wu S-B, Lou R (2010) Characteristics of corn stalk hemicellulose pyrolysis in a tubular reactor. BioResources 5:2051–2062. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.4.2051-2062 Bertero M, Gorostegui HA, Orrabalis CJ et al (2014) Characterization of the liquid products in the pyrolysis of residual chañar and palm fruit biomasses. Fuel 116:409–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2013.08.027 Shen DK, Gu S (2009) The mechanism for thermal decomposition of cellulose and its main products. Bioresour Technol 100:6496–6504. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2009.06.095 Bazargan A, Rough SL, McKay G (2014) Compaction of palm kernel shell biochars for application as solid fuel. Biomass Bioenergy 70:489–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.08.015 Wang X, Rinaldi R (2013) A route for lignin and bio-oil conversion: dehydroxylation of phenols into arenes by catalytic tandem reactions. Angew Chemie Int Ed 52:11499–11503. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201304776 Cherubini F, Strømman AH (2011) Chapter 1 - principles of biorefining A2 - Pandey, Ashok. In: Ricke SC, Dussap C-G, Gnansounou EBT-B (eds) Larroche C. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 3–24 Zhang X-S, Yang G-X, Jiang H, Liu WJ, Ding HS (2013) Mass production of chemicals from biomass-derived oil by directly atmospheric distillation coupled with co-pyrolysis. Sci Rep 3:1120. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01120 Lian J, Garcia-Perez M, Chen S (2013) Fermentation of levoglucosan with oleaginous yeasts for lipid production. Bioresour Technol 133:183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.031 Negahdar L, Gonzalez-quiroga A, Otyuskaya D et al (2016) Characterization and comparison of fast pyrolysis bio-oils from pinewood, rapeseed cake, and wheat straw using 13C NMR and comprehensive GC ?? GC. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:4974–4985. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01329 Fortin M, Mohadjer Beromi M, Lai A et al (2015) Structural analysis of pyrolytic lignins isolated from switchgrass fast-pyrolysis oil. Energy Fuels 29:8017–8026. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01726 Bennett NM, Helle SS, Duff SJB (2009) Extraction and hydrolysis of levoglucosan from pyrolysis oil. Bioresour Technol 100:6059–6063. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2009.06.067 Sukhbaatar B, Li Q, Wan C, Yu F, Hassan el-B, Steele P (2014) Inhibitors removal from bio-oil aqueous fraction for increased ethanol production. Bioresour Technol 161:379–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2014.03.051 Lourençon TV, Mattos BD, Cademartori PHG, Magalhães WLE (2016) Bio-oil from a fast pyrolysis pilot plant as antifungal and hydrophobic agent for wood preservation. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 122:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.11.004 Mohan D, Shi J, Nicholas DD, Pittman CU Jr, Steele PH, Cooper JE (2008) Fungicidal values of bio-oils and their lignin-rich fractions obtained from wood/bark fast pyrolysis. Chemosphere 71:456–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.049 Chen B, Chen Z (2009) Sorption of naphthalene and 1-naphthol by biochars of orange peels with different pyrolytic temperatures. Chemosphere 76:127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.004 Silvani L, Vrchotova B, Kastanek P, Demnerova K, Pettiti I, Papini MP (2017) Characterizing biochar as alternative sorbent for oil spill remediation. Sci Rep 7:43912. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43912