Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) Inhibits Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in the Liver

El-Serag, 2011, Hepatocellular carcinoma, N Engl J Med, 365, 1118, 10.1056/NEJMra1001683 Lee, 2004, Classification and prediction of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma by gene expression profiling, Hepatology, 40, 667, 10.1002/hep.20375 Hoshida, 2009, Integrative transcriptome analysis reveals common molecular subclasses of human hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer Res, 69, 7385, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1089 Hoshida, 2008, Gene expression in fixed tissues and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma, N Engl J Med, 359, 1995, 10.1056/NEJMoa0804525 Tsuchiya, 2010, Gene expression in nontumoral liver tissue and recurrence-free survival in hepatitis C virus-positive hepatocellular carcinoma, Mol Cancer, 9, 74, 10.1186/1476-4598-9-74 Chiodoni, 2010, Matricellular proteins: from homeostasis to inflammation, cancer, and metastasis, Cancer Metastasis Rev, 29, 295, 10.1007/s10555-010-9221-8 Yasui, 2003, Dual-site recognition of different extracellular matrix components by anti-angiogenic/neurotrophic serpin, PEDF, Biochemistry, 42, 3160, 10.1021/bi0206558 Uehara, 2004, Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor decreases liver metastasis and correlates with favorable prognosis for patients with ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, Cancer Res, 64, 3533, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3725 Fitzgerald, 2012, Opposing effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor on breast cancer cell versus neuronal survival: implication for brain metastasis and metastasis-induced brain damage, Cancer Res, 72, 144, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1904 Becerra, 2013, The effects of PEDF on cancer biology: mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential, Nat Rev Cancer, 13, 258, 10.1038/nrc3484 Doll, 2003, Pigment epithelium-derived factor regulates the vasculature and mass of the prostate and pancreas, Nat Med, 9, 774, 10.1038/nm870 Chung, 2009, Ethanol exposure depletes hepatic pigment epithelium-derived factor, a novel lipid regulator, Gastroenterology, 136, 331, 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.09.065 Schmitz, 2011, Pigment epithelium-derived factor regulates early pancreatic fibrotic responses and suppresses the profibrotic cytokine thrombospondin-1, Am J Pathol, 179, 2990, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.08.009 Ho, 2010, Pigment epithelium-derived factor is an intrinsic antifibrosis factor targeting hepatic stellate cells, Am J Pathol, 177, 1798, 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091085 Grippo, 2012, Concurrent PEDF deficiency and Kras mutation induce invasive pancreatic cancer and adipose-rich stroma in mice, Gut, 61, 1454, 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300821 Mejias, 2015, Antiangiogenic and antifibrogenic activity of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in bile duct-ligated portal hypertensive rats, Gut, 64, 657, 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307138 Filleur, 2005, Two functional epitopes of pigment epithelial-derived factor block angiogenesis and induce differentiation in prostate cancer, Cancer Res, 65, 5144, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3744 Crawford, 2001, Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in neuroblastoma: a multifunctional mediator of Schwann cell antitumor activity, J Cell Sci, 114, 4421, 10.1242/jcs.114.24.4421 Park, 2011, Identification of a novel inhibitor of the canonical Wnt pathway, Mol Cell Biol, 31, 3038, 10.1128/MCB.01211-10 Tombran-Tink, 1996, Organization, evolutionary conservation, expression and unusual Alu density of the human gene for pigment epithelium-derived factor, a unique neurotrophic serpin, Mol Vis, 2, 11 Uhlen, 2015, Proteomics. Tissue-based map of the human proteome, Science, 347, 1260419, 10.1126/science.1260419 Gattu, 2013, Determination of mesenchymal stem cell fate by pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) results in increased adiposity and reduced bone mineral content, Faseb J, 27, 4384, 10.1096/fj.13-232900 Subramanian, 2005, Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 15545, 10.1073/pnas.0506580102 Gattu, 2014, Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) suppresses IL-1beta-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation to improve hepatocyte insulin signaling, Endocrinology, en20131785 Amaral, 2010, Effects of human recombinant PEDF protein and PEDF-derived peptide 34-mer on choroidal neovascularization, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 51, 1318, 10.1167/iovs.09-4455 Cox, 2003, 3-dimensional imaging of collagen using second harmonic generation, J Struct Biol, 141, 53, 10.1016/S1047-8477(02)00576-2 Torres, 2014, High-resolution, 2- and 3-dimensional imaging of uncut, unembedded tissue biopsy samples, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 138, 395, 10.5858/arpa.2013-0094-OA Mikels, 2006, Purified Wnt5a protein activates or inhibits beta-catenin-TCF signaling depending on receptor context, PLoS Biol, 4, e115, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040115 Cairo, 2008, Hepatic stem-like phenotype and interplay of Wnt/beta-catenin and Myc signaling in aggressive childhood liver cancer, Cancer Cell, 14, 471, 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.11.002 Chiang, 2008, Focal gains of VEGFA and molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer Res, 68, 6779, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0742 Cavard, 2006, Overexpression of regenerating islet-derived 1 alpha and 3 alpha genes in human primary liver tumors with beta-catenin mutations, Oncogene, 25, 599, 10.1038/sj.onc.1208860 Kenny, 2005, Receptor and secreted targets of Wnt-1/beta-catenin signalling in mouse mammary epithelial cells, BMC Cancer, 5, 3, 10.1186/1471-2407-5-3 Merle, 2004, Functional consequences of frizzled-7 receptor overexpression in human hepatocellular carcinoma, Gastroenterology, 127, 1110, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.07.009 Fernandez, 2009, Angiogenesis in liver disease, J Hepatol, 50, 604, 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.12.011 Nejak-Bowen, 2011, Beta-catenin signaling, liver regeneration and hepatocellular cancer: sorting the good from the bad, Semin Cancer Biol, 21, 44, 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.12.010 Zhang, 2010, Conditional beta-catenin loss in mice promotes chemical hepatocarcinogenesis: role of oxidative stress and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling, Hepatology, 52, 954, 10.1002/hep.23747 Brack, 2007, Increased Wnt signaling during aging alters muscle stem cell fate and increases fibrosis, Science, 317, 807, 10.1126/science.1144090 Cheng, 2008, Wnt antagonism inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 294, G39, 10.1152/ajpgi.00263.2007 DiRocco, 2013, Wnt4/beta-catenin signaling in medullary kidney myofibroblasts, J Am Soc Nephrol, 24, 1399, 10.1681/ASN.2012050512 Becker, 2011, Exome sequencing identifies truncating mutations in human SERPINF1 in autosomal-recessive osteogenesis imperfecta, Am J Hum Genet, 88, 362, 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.015 Li, 2015, Pigment epithelium derived factor suppresses expression of Sost/sclerostin by osteocytes: implication for its role in bone matrix mineralization, J Cell Physiol, 230, 1243, 10.1002/jcp.24859 Li, 2013, Pigment epithelium-derived factor enhances differentiation and mineral deposition of human mesenchymal stem cells, Stem Cells, 31, 2714, 10.1002/stem.1505 Cruciat, 2013, Secreted and transmembrane wnt inhibitors and activators, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 5, a015081, 10.1101/cshperspect.a015081 Brott, 2002, Regulation of Wnt/LRP signaling by distinct domains of Dickkopf proteins, Mol Cell Biol, 22, 6100, 10.1128/MCB.22.17.6100-6110.2002