Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep—A review

Abdel-Hafez, M.A.M., 2002. Studies on the reproductive performance in sheep. Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Abdel-Samee, 1991, Detection of heat adaptability of growing lambs in subtropics, Zagazig Vet. J., 19, 719

Abdel-Samee, 1997, Daily body gain and some related physiological and biochemical changes in Dromedary camels as affected by hot climate, 331

Abi-Saab, 1995, Physiological responses of stress of filial crosses compared to local Awassi sheep, Small Rumin. Res., 16, 55, 10.1016/0921-4488(94)00045-9

Aboul-Naga, A.I., 1987. The role of aldosterone in improving productivity of heat-stressed farm animals with different techniques. Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Alexiev, 2004, Thermoregulation in sheep. IV. Effect of heat stress on heart rate dynamics in shorn and inshorn ewes from three breeds, Zhivotnov dni-Nauki, 41, 16

Arthur, 1992, An overview of reproduction in the camilids, 169

Arthur, 1985, The camel in health and disease: 7. Reproduction and genital diseases of the camel, Br. Vet. J., 141, 650, 10.1016/0007-1935(85)90014-4

Benlmlih, 1988, Effect of heat stress and genotype on water turnover in pregnant and lactating sheep. Isotope Aided studies on Livestock Productivity in Mediterranean and North Africa Countries, 39

Bluett, 2001, Performance of lambs and the incidence of staggers and heat stress on two perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars using a leader-follower rotational grazing management system, J. Agric. Sci., 136, 99, 10.1017/S0021859600008492

Bono, 1989, Plasma LH, corticoid and sera steroid variation in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in relation to seasonal climatic changes, Anim. Reprod. Sci., 21, 101, 10.1016/0378-4320(89)90121-8

Buijs, 2003, The biological clock tunes the organs of the body: timing by hormones and the autonomic nervous system, J. Endocrinol., 177, 17, 10.1677/joe.0.1770017

Burgoon, 2001, Temperature-sensitive properties of rat suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons, Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 281, R706, 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.3.R706

Cardoso, 2002, Analysis of some physiological variables for the evaluation of the degree of adaptation in sheep submitted to heat stress, Revi. Brasileira Zootec., 31, 2070

Conrad, 1985, Feeding of farm animals in hot and cold environments

Daader, 1989, Improvement of growth performance of Friesian calves under Egyptian sub-tropical conditions. 1. Internal cooling technique using diuretics and drinking cool water, 595

Dixon, 1999, Interactions between heat stress and nutrition in sheep fed roughage diets, J. Agric. Sci., 132, 351, 10.1017/S0021859698006248

Early, 1991, Chronic heat stress and prenatal development in sheep. 2. Placental cellularity and metabolism, Anim. Sci., 69, 3610, 10.2527/1991.6993610x

El-Darawany, 1999, Tunica dartos thermoregulatory index in bull and ram in Egypt, Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 69, 560

El-Darawany, 1999, Improving semen quality of heat stressed rams in Egypt, Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 69, 1020

El-Sheikh, 1981, Relative adaptability of some local and foreign breeds of sheep to Sahara desert, Egypt, J. Anim. Prod., 21, 109

Fahmy, S., 1994. Effect of crossing Romanov with Rahmani sheep on some physiological and productive performance. M.Sc. thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Finocchiaro, 2005, Effect of heat stress on production of Mediterranean dairy sheep, J. Dairy Sci., 88, 1855, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72860-5

Habeeb, A.A., 1987. The role of insulin in improving productivity of heat-stressed farm animals with different techniques. Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Habeeb, 1992, Heat stress, 27

Habeeb, 1997, Genetic improvement of livestock for heat adaptation in hot climates, 11

Hafez, 1987

Ismail, 1995, Water metabolism and requirements of sheep as affected by breed and season, World Rev. Anim. Prod., 30, 95

Johnson, 1987

Khan, 1989, Physiological responses of desert sheep and goats to grazing during summer and winter, Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 59, 600

LPHSI, 1990. Livestock and Poultry Heat Stress Indices Agriculture Engineering Technology Guide. Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.

Majercak, 1999, How a circadian clock adapts to seasonal decreases in temperature and day length, Neuron, 24, 219, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80834-X

Marai, 1987

Marai, 1991, Criteria of response and adaptation to high temperature for reproductive and growth traits in rabbits, Options Mediterraneennes Ser. A, 17, 127

Marai, 2001, Growth performance and reproductive traits at first parity of New Zealand White female rabbits as affected by heat stress and its alleviation, under Egyptian conditions, Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 33, 457, 10.1023/A:1012772311177

Marai, 2000, Fattening performance, some behavioural traits and physiological reactions of male lambs fed concentrates mixture alone with or without natural clay, under hot summer of Egypt, Ann. Arid Zone, 39, 449

Marai, 1997, Winter and summer effects and their ameleoration on lactating Friesian and Holstein cows maintained under Egyptian conditions

Marai, 1997, Fattening of lambs on concentrates mixture diet alone without roughages or with addition of natural clay under subtropical conditions of Egypt. Growth performance and behaviour

Marai, 1997, Fattening of lambs on concentrates mixture diet alone without roughages or with addition of natural clay under subtropical conditions of Egypt. Physiological reactions

Marai, 2003, Alleviation of heat stressed Egyptian Suffolk rams by treatment with selenium, melatonin or prostaglandin F2α during hot summer of Egypt, J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 2, 215

Marai, 2004, Reproductive traits and the physiological background of the seasonal variations in Egyptian Suffolk ewes under the conditions of Egypt, Ann. Arid Zone (India), 42, 1

Marai, 2006, Serun blood components during pre-oestrus, oestru and pregnancy phases in Egyptian Suffolk as affected by heat stress, under the conditions of Egypt. Egypt, J. Sheep Goats Desert Anim. Sci., 1, 47

Marai, 2006, Tonica dartos index as a parameter of adaptability of rams in sub-tropical conditions of Egypt, Anim. Sci. (Japan), 77, 487, 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2006.00376.x

Marai, 2006, Camels’ reproductive and physiological performance traits as affected by environmental conditions

Marai, 1998, Adaptation of Bos taurus cattle under hot climate conditions, Ann. Arid Zone, 37, 253

Marai, 1995, Effects of Egyptian sub-tropical conditions and the heat stress alleviation techniques of water spray and diaphoretics on the growth and physiological functions of Friesian calves, J. Arid Environ., 30, 219, 10.1016/S0140-1963(05)80073-4

Marai, 2002, Rabbits’ productive, reproductive and physiological performance traits as affected by heat stress: a review, Livest. Prod. Sci., 78, 71, 10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00091-X

Marai, 2002, Reproductive traits of female rabbits as affected by heat stress and light regime, under sub-tropical conditions of Egypt, J. Anim. Sci., 75, 451

Merkt, H., Rath, O. Musa, B., El-Naggar, M.A., 1990. Reproduction in Camels. FAO Animal Production and Health, Paper No. 82, Rome, Italy.

Mittal, 1979, Body temperature, respiration and pulse rate in Corriedale, Marwari and Magra sheep in Rajasthan desert, J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge), 93, 587, 10.1017/S0021859600038995

Monty, 1991, Acclimatization of St. Croix, Karakul and Rambouillet sheep to intense and dry summer heat, Small Rumin. Res., 4, 379, 10.1016/0921-4488(91)90083-3

Murad, 1994, Effect of heat stress and dietary roughage level on rumen function, nutrient utilization and water turnover by native Egyptian sheep, Egypt, J. Anim. Prod., 31, 361

Musa, 1999, The female camel (Camelus dromedarius) and the artificial insemination, 257

Nardon, 1991, Effects of solar radiation on water and food intake and weight gain in Sarda and Comisana female lambs

Nieslon, 1995, Animal Physiology

Padua, 1997, Effect of high environmental temperature on weight gain and food intake of Suffolk lambs reared in a tropical environment, 809

Pando, 2001, Signaling to the mammalian circadian clocks: in pursuit of the primary mammalian circadian photoreceptor, Sci. STKE, 2001, RE16, 10.1126/stke.2001.107.re16

Pelletier, 1996, Mechanisms controlling the seasonality of reproduction in the ram, Comptes Rendus de l’Academie d’Agriculture de France, 82, 27

Pinto, 2001, Effects of scrotal insulation on testis size and semen criteria in Santa Ines hairy sheep raised in the State of Ceara, Northeast of Brazil, Rev. Brasileira Zootec., 30, 1704

Regnault, 2000, Altered arterial oncentrations of placental hormones during maximal placental growth in a model of placental insufficiency, J. Endocrinol., 162, 433, 10.1677/joe.0.1620433

Regnault, 2002, Placental expression of VEGF, PlGF and their receptors in a model of placental insufficiency-intrauterine growth restriction (PI-IUGR), Placenta, 23, 132, 10.1053/plac.2001.0757

Saker, 2004, Brown seaweed (Tasco; TM) treated conserved forage enhances antioxidant status and immune function in heat-stressed wether lambs, J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 88, 122, 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2003.00468.x

Sakurada, 1998, A role for gastrointestinal endotoxins in enhancement of heat tolerance by physical fitness, J. Appl. Physiol., 84, 207, 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.207

Shafie, 1994, Effect of heat stress on feed intake, rumen fermentation and water turnover in relation to heat tolerance response by sheep, Egypt, J. Anim. Prod., 31, 317

Shalaby, T.H., 1985. Performance and adaptation of local sheep to varied environmental and managerial conditions. Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Shelton, 2000, Reproductive performance of sheep exposed to hot environments, 155

Sighiri, 1999, Seasonal effects on fertility and ovarian follicular growth and maturation in camels (Camelus dromedarius), J. Anim. Sci., 55, 223

Silanikove-Nissim, 2000, Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed domestic ruminants, Livest. Prod. Sci., 67, 1, 10.1016/S0301-6226(00)00162-7

Singh, 1995, Changes in birth weight of temperate sheep breeds under tropical conditions, World Rev. Anim. Prod., 30, 55

Singh, 1980, Note on comparative physiological response of sheep and goats to high ambient temperature, Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 50, 202

Soto, 1998, Use of shade during the breeding season to reduce heart stress and to increase the overall flock pregnancy rate in a subtropical environment, Rev. Brasileira Reprod. Anim., 22, 97

Taniguchi, 2004, Effects of short-term exposure to heat stress on splanchnic metabolism in sheep, J. Anim. Feed Sci., 13, 359, 10.22358/jafs/73937/2004

Taylor, 1988

Thompson, 1985, Respiratory system, 155

Thwaites, 1985, Physiological responses and productivity in sheep, 25

Weniger, 1992, Influence of environmental temperature and humidity on nutrient digestibility of sheep. 1. Aims, experimental procedure and digestibility, Zuchtungskunde, 64, 148

Yousef, H.M., 1985. Studies on some environmental factors affecting production and reproduction in some farm animals. M.Sc. thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.