Physiological Role of Gut Microbiota for Maintaining Human Health

Digestion - Tập 93 Số 3 - Trang 176-181 - 2016
Akira Andoh1
1Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Japan

Tóm tắt

Background: The human body is colonized by an extremely complex and abundant aggregation of microbes, collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. Recent studies have focused on the link between these microbes and our health. Summary: Diet contributes to shaping the gut microbial structure and influences metabolic functions of the host. Alteration of the microbial structure and function (dysbiosis) is associated with the pathogenesis of various disorders. Fermentation is the process by which anaerobic bacteria (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) break down indigestible carbohydrates to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; acetate, propionate and butyrate), collaborating with species specialized in oligosaccharide fermentation (e.g. Bifidobacteria). Butyrate and propionate can regulate intestinal physiology and immune function, while acetate acts as a substrate for lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. The gut microbiota regulates immune homeostasis via the induction of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells. In addition, butyrate has strong anti-inflammatory effects possibly through the inhibition of histone deacetylase activity. Metabolic products generated by the gut microbiota, such as SCFAs, GABA, tryptophan, serotonin and catecholamine, transmit a signal to resident cells in the gut. Key Message: Advances made in the DNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics have revolutionized our understanding of the microbes in the gut.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1007/s00535-014-0953-z

10.1007/s00535-015-1064-1

10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.001

10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.001

10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0

10.1042/CS20040136

10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.052

10.1038/nature11319

10.1073/pnas.1005963107

10.1371/journal.pone.0028742

10.1126/science.1208344

10.1038/nrgastro.2012.156

10.1038/oby.2009.167

10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309990

10.1097/MCG.0b013e31822fecfe

10.1111/apt.13248

10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01931.x

10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.060

10.1038/nri2710

10.1126/science.1198469

10.1038/nature12721

10.1126/science.1241165

10.1111/jgh.12073

10.1155/2012/819467

10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141557

10.1016/j.chom.2008.09.009

10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.058

10.3390/nu3100858

10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01038.x

10.1007/s00535-005-1573-4

10.1016/j.gene.2005.09.010

10.1371/journal.pone.0033453

10.1007/s00018-012-1028-z

10.1038/nrn3346

10.1016/j.coph.2013.08.006

10.1007/s00441-005-0140-x

10.1210/en.2013-1142

10.1038/518S9a

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Digestion

Tập 93 Số 3

176-181

Thông tin tác giả