Physical and numerical modeling on the failure mechanism of landslides with a wall-like locking section
Tóm tắt
Landslides with a wall-like locking section can fail rapidly, resulting in a substantial loss of life and property. Clarifying the failure mechanism and evolutionary criteria of such landslides is vital for improving prediction and preventing of such disasters. Such clarification can be done efficiently using physical model tests. In this study, large-scale models were constructed to test the effect of the thickness of the wall-like locking section on the failure process and evolutionary characteristics of landslides induced by rainfall infiltration. Then, the failure mechanism of the landslides was examined using numerical models, which were verified by the results from the physical models. The results indicated that wall-like locking section in slope masses play a critical role in the development and failure mechanism of such landslides. The thickness of the wall-like locking section mainly affected the landslide failure time and had little impact on the landslide failure model. The evolutionary process of landslides with a wall-like locking section might be divided into three stages: leading edge traction, subside at the rear part, and shearing failure of locking section. The rapid increase in pore water pressure and settlement at the rear part could be regarded as the portents for the initiation of such landslide.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ahmadiadli M, Huvaj N, Toker NK (2017) Rainfall-triggered landslides in an unsaturated soil: a laboratory flume study. Environ Earth Sci 76:1–14
Askarinejad A, Akca D, Springman SM (2018) Precursors of instability in a natural slope due to rainfall: a full-scale experiment. Landslides 15:1745–1759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-0994-0
Azarafza M, Azarafza M, Akgün H, Atkinson PM, Derakhshani R (2021) Deep learning-based landslide susceptibility mapping. Sci Rep 11(1):1–16
Beddoe RA, Take WA (2016) Loss of slope support due to base liquefaction: comparison of 1 g and centrifuge landslide flume experiments. Soils Found 56:251–264
Carlà T, Farina P, Intrieri E, Botsialas K, Casagli N (2017) On the monitoring and early-warning of brittle slope failures in hard rock masses: examples from an open-pit mine. Eng Geol 228:71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.08.007
Chen GQ, Zhang Y, Huang RQ, Guo F, Zhang GF (2015) Failure mechanism of rock bridge based on acoustic emission technique. J Sens 2015:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/964730
Chen H, Qin S, Xue L, Xu C (2021) Why the Xintan landslide was not triggered by the heaviest historical rainfall: mechanism and review. Eng Geol 294:106379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106379
Chen HR, Qin SQ, Xue L, Yang BC, Zhang K (2018) A physical model predicting instability of rock slopes with locked segments along a potential slip surface. Eng Geol 242:34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.05.012
Chueasamat A, Hori T, Saito H, Sato T, Kohgo Y (2018) Experimental tests of slope failure due to rainfalls using 1 g physical slope models. Soils Found 58:290–305
Corsini A, Pasuto A, Soldati M, Zannoni A (2005) Field monitoring of the Corvara landslide (Dolomites, Italy) and its relevance for hazard assessment. Geomorphology 66:149–1650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.09.012
Crosta GB, Agliardi F (2003) Failure forecast for large rock slides by surface displacement measurements. Can Geotech J 40:176–191. https://doi.org/10.1139/t02-085
Crosta GB, Agliardi F, Rivolta C, Alberti S, Cas LD (2017) Long-term evolution and early warning strategies for complex rockslides by real-time monitoring. Landslides 14:1615–1632
Guarnieri A, Masiero A, Vetorre A, Pirotti F (2015) Evaluation of the dynamic processes of a landslide with laser scanners and Bayesian methods. Geomat Nat Haz Risk 6:614–634
Hu W, Scaringi G, Xu Q, Pei Z, Van Asch TWJ, Hicher P-Y (2017) Sensitivity of the initiation and runout of flowslides in loose granular deposits to the content of small particles: an insight from flume tests. Eng Geol 231:34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.10.001
Huang R, Chen G, Tang P, Huang R, Chen G, Tang P (2017) Precursor information of locking segment landslides based on transient characteristics. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 36(3):521–533
Kang C, Zhang F, Pan F, Peng J, Wu W (2018) Characteristics and dynamic runout analyses of 1983 Saleshan landslide. Eng Geol 243:181–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.07.006
Kilburn CRJ, Petley DN (2003) Forecasting giant, catastrophic slope collapse: lessons from Vajont, Northern Italy. Geomorphology 54:21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00052-7
Li B, Feng Z, Wang G, Wang W (2016) Processes and behaviors of block topple avalanches resulting from carbonate slope failures due to underground mining. Environ Earth Sci 75:694
Liu H-D, Li D-D, Wang Z-F, Geng Z, Li L-D (2020) Physical modeling on failure mechanism of locked-segment landslides triggered by heavy precipitation. Landslides 17:459–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01288-3
Liu H-D, Zhang Y-B, Lu L-P (2018) Types of the locked section landslide in the Western Henan Province. J North China Uni of Wat Res and Ele Pow: Nat Sci Ed 39(6):1–7
Montrasio L, Schilirò L, Terrone A (2015) Physical and numerical modelling of shallow landslides. Landslides 13:873–883
Montrasio L, Valentino R (2016) Modelling rainfall-induced shallow landslides at different scales using SLIP - part I. Procedia Eng 158:476–481
Nikoobakht S, Azarafza M, Akgün H, Derakhshani R (2022) Landslide susceptibility assessment by using convolutional neural network. Appl Sci 12(12):5992
Orwin JF, Clague JJ, Gerath RF (2004) The Cheam rock avalanche, Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Landslides 1:289–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-004-0036-y
Pan X, Xue L, Qin S, Li G, Li P, Wang M (2014) Types, formation conditions and pre-decision method for large landslides with potential locked patches. J Eng Geol 22(6):1159–1167
Sättele M, Krautblatter M, Bründl M, Straub D (2016) Forecasting rock slope failure: how reliable and effective are warning systems? Landslides 13:737–750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0605-2
Schiliro L, Montrasio L, Mugnozza GS (2016) Prediction of shallow landslide occurrence: validation of a physically-based approach through a real case study. Sci Total Environ 569:134–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.124
Smith A, Dixon N, Fowmes GJ (2017) Early detection of first-time slope failures using acoustic emission measurements: large-scale physical modelling. Geotechnique 67:138–152. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.15.P.200
Xue L, Qin SQ, Li P, Li GL, Oyediran IA, Pan XH (2014) New quantitative displacement criteria for slope deformation process: from the onset of the accelerating creep to brittle rupture and final failure. Eng Geol 182:79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.08.007
Xue L, Qin SQ, Pan XH, Chen HR, Yang BC (2017) A possible explanation of the stair-step brittle deformation evolutionary pattern of a rockslide. Geomat Nat Haz Risk 8:1456–1476. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2017.1345793
Yan JF, Shi B, Ansari F, Zhu HH, Song ZP, Nazarian E (2017) Analysis of the strain process of soil slope model during infiltration using BOTDA. Bull Eng Geol Env 76:947–959
Yin Y, Xing A, Wang G, Feng Z, Li B, Jiang Y (2017) Experimental and numerical investigations of a catastrophic long-runout landslide in Zhenxiong, Yunnan, southwestern China. Landslides 14:649–659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-016-0729-z
Zheng Y, Chen CX, Liu TT, Zhang W, Song YF (2018) Slope failure mechanisms in dipping interbedded sandstone and mudstone revealed by model testing and distinct-element analysis. Bull Eng Geol Environ 77:49–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1007-6