Physical analysis reveals distinct responses of human bronchial epithelial cells to guanidine and isothiazolinone biocides

Ata, 2017, Integrins and cell metabolism: an intimate relationship impacting cancer, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 10.3390/ijms18010189 Butler, 2002, Traction fields, moments, and strain energy that cells exert on their surroundings, Am. J. Phys. Cell Phys., 282, 595 Casalena, 2015, TGFβ-induced actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in podocytes is associated with compensatory adaptation of mitochondrial energy metabolism, Nephron, 131, 278, 10.1159/000442051 Cho, 2017, Effects of a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone on peripheral airway dysfunction in children, PLoS One, 12 Cho, 2018, Electric field-induced migration and intercellular stress alignment in a collective epithelial monolayer, Mol. Biol. Cell, 29, 2292, 10.1091/mbc.E18-01-0077 CIR, 1992, 6 Final report on the safety assessment of methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone, J. Am. Coll. Toxicol., 11, 75, 10.3109/10915819209141993 Dembo, 1999, Stresses at the cell-to-substrate interface during locomotion of fibroblasts, Biophys. J., 76, 2307, 10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77386-8 ECHA, 2015 Frantz, 2010, The extracellular matrix at a glance, J. Cell Sci., 123, 4195, 10.1242/jcs.023820 Go, 2020, Effects of chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) on Th2/Th17-related immune modulation in an atopic dermatitis mouse model, Sci. Rep., 10, 1, 10.1038/s41598-020-60966-8 Gu, 2007, Effect of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway on lung myofibroblast differentiation, Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 28, 382, 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00468.x Ha, 2016, Evaluation report on the causal association between humidifier disinfectants and lung injury, Epidemiol. Health, 38, 10.4178/epih.e2016037 Hong, 2014, A cluster of lung injury associated with home humidifier use: clinical, radiological and pathological description of a new syndrome, Thorax, 69, 694, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204135 Inoue, 2007, Smad3 is acetylated by p300/CBP to regulate its transactivation activity, Oncogene, 26, 500, 10.1038/sj.onc.1209826 Jeong, 2019, Development of adverse outcome pathway for PPARγ antagonism leading to pulmonary fibrosis and chemical selection for its validation: ToxCastTM database and a deep learning artificial neural network model based approach, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 32, 1212, 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00040 Jeong, 2019, Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced upregulation of MUC5AC via activation of the TLR-p38 MAPK and JNK axis, Chem. Biol. Interact., 305, 119, 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.030 Jung, 2014, Cytotoxicity and gene expression profiling of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride in human alveolar A549 cells, Toxicol. in Vitro, 28, 684, 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.02.004 Kim, 2017, Intra-tracheal administration of the disinfectant chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) in a mouse model to evaluate a causal association with death, Korean J. Environ. Heal. Sci., 43, 247, 10.5668/JEHS.2017.43.4.247 Kim, 2015, The role of NF-κB signaling pathway in polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate induced inflammatory response in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, Toxicol. Lett., 233, 148, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.005 Kim, 2016, Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate aerosol particles induce pulmonary inflammatory and fibrotic responses, Arch. Toxicol., 90, 617, 10.1007/s00204-015-1486-9 Kim, 2018, Protective effects of nintedanib against polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced lung fibrosis in mice, Molecules, 23 Kim, 2018, Changes in expression of cytokines in polyhexamethylene guanidine-induced lung fibrosis in mice: comparison of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, Toxicology, 393, 185, 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.017 Kim, 2016, Humidifier disinfectant disaster: what is known and what needs to be clarified, Environ. Health Toxicol., 31, 10.5620/eht.e2016025 Lakatos, 2007, The role of PPARs in lung fibrosis, PPAR Res., 2007, 71323, 10.1155/2007/71323 Lee, 2013, Toxic inhalational injury-associated interstitial lung disease in children, J. Korean Med. Sci., 28, 915, 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.6.915 Lee, 2018, Two cases of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone-associated toxic lung injury, J. Korean Med. Sci., 33, 1 Lee, 2019, CMIT/MIT induce apoptosis and inflammation in alveolar epithelial cells through p38/JNK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, Mol. Cell. Toxicol., 15, 41, 10.1007/s13273-019-0005-0 Lee, 2019, The pathological findings of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone-associated lung injury, J. Korean Med. Sci., 34, 2 Li, 2009, Spatial patterning of cell proliferation and differentiation depends on mechanical stress magnitude, J. Biomech., 42, 1622, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.04.033 Paek, 2015, Nationwide study of humidifier disinfectant lung injury in South Korea, 1994-2011 incidence and dose-response relationships, Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc., 12, 1813, 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201504-221OC Park, 2015, Estimating retrospective exposure of household humidifier disinfectants, Indoor Air, 25, 631, 10.1111/ina.12180 Park, 2017, Types of household humidifier disinfectant and associated risk of lung injury (HDLI) in South Korea, Sci. Total Environ., 596–597, 53, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.040 Park, 2019, Eye irritation tests of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) and chloromethylisothiazolinone/ methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) using a tissue model of reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium, Environ. Health Toxicol., 34, 10.5620/eht.e2019004 Park, 2016, Humidifier disinfectants are a cause of lung injury among adults in South Korea: a community-based case-control study, PLoS One, 11, 1 Prasad, 2019, Cell form and function: interpreting and controlling the shape of adherent cells, Trends Biotechnol., 37, 347, 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.09.007 Provenzano, 2011, Mechanical signaling through the cytoskeleton regulates cell proliferation by coordinated focal adhesion and rho GTPase signaling, J. Cell Sci., 124, 1195, 10.1242/jcs.067009 Shah, 2010, Cells in tight spaces: the role of cell shape in cell function, J. Cell Biol., 10.1083/jcb.201009048 Song, 2014, Polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate induces severe lung inflammation, fibrosis, and thymic atrophy, Food Chem. Toxicol., 69, 267, 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.027 Tambe, 2011, Collective cell guidance by cooperative intercellular forces, Nat. Mater., 10, 469, 10.1038/nmat3025 Tambe, 2013, Monolayer stress microscopy: limitations, artifacts, and accuracy of recovered intercellular stresses, PLoS One, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0055172 Todd, 2012, Molecular and cellular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis, Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair, 10.1186/1755-1536-5-11 Trepat, 2009, Physical forces during collective cell migration, Nat. Phys., 5, 426, 10.1038/nphys1269 Williams, 2007, The mechanism of action of Isothiazolone biocide, Powerpl. Chem., 9, 14 Wynn, 2008, Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis, J. Pathol., 214, 199, 10.1002/path.2277 Wynn, 2011, Integrating mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis, J. Exp. Med., 208, 1339, 10.1084/jem.20110551 Yang, 2013, Inhalation toxicity of humidifier disinfectants as a risk factor of Children’s interstitial lung disease in Korea: a case-control study, PLoS One, 8, 1 Yoon, 2017, Rate of humidifier and humidifier disinfectant usage in Korean children: a nationwide epidemiologic study, Environ. Res., 155, 60, 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.030