Physical activity guidelines for older people: knowledge gaps and future directions

Beard, 2016, The World report on ageing and health: a policy framework for healthy ageing, Lancet, 387, 2145, 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00516-4 Justice, 2016, Comparative approaches to understanding the relation between aging and physical function, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 71, 1243, 10.1093/gerona/glv035 Guralnik, 1994, A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission, J Gerontol, 49, M85, 10.1093/geronj/49.2.M85 Ramírez-Vélez, 2019, Reference values for handgrip strength and their association with intrinsic capacity domains among older adults, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 10, 278, 10.1002/jcsm.12373 Yates, 2017, Association of walking pace and handgrip strength with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a UK Biobank observational study, Eur Heart J, 38, 3232, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx449 Zaccardi, 2019, Comparative relevance of physical fitness and adiposity on life expectancy: a UK Biobank observational study, Mayo Clin Proc, 94, 985, 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.10.029 Zaccardi, 2019, Mortality risk comparing walking pace to handgrip strength and a healthy lifestyle: a UK Biobank study, Eur J Prev Cardiol Argyridou, 2020, Walking pace improves all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk prediction: a UK Biobank prognostic study, Eur J Prev Cardiol, 27, 1036, 10.1177/2047487319887281 Ezzatvar, 2020, Physical function and all-cause mortality in older adults diagnosed with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Perez-Sousa, 2019, Gait speed as a mediator of the effect of sarcopenia on dependency in activities of daily living, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 10, 1009, 10.1002/jcsm.12444 Odden, 2012, Rethinking the association of high blood pressure with mortality in elderly adults: the impact of frailty, Arch Intern Med, 172, 1162, 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.2555 Fried, 2001, Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 56, M146, 10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146 Cruz-Jentoft, 2019, Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis, Age Ageing, 48, 16, 10.1093/ageing/afy169 Boyd, 2008, Recovery of activities of daily living in older adults after hospitalization for acute medical illness, J Am Geriatr Soc, 56, 2171, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02023.x Martínez-Velilla, 2019, Effect of exercise intervention on functional decline in very elderly patients during acute hospitalization: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA Intern Med, 179, 28, 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4869 Sáez de Asteasu, 2019, Inter-individual variability in response to exercise intervention or usual care in hospitalized older adults, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 10, 1266, 10.1002/jcsm.12481 Covinsky, 2011, Hospitalization-associated disability: “she was probably able to ambulate, but I'm not sure”, JAMA, 306, 1782, 10.1001/jama.2011.1556 Sáez de Asteasu, 2019, Assessing the impact of physical exercise on cognitive function in older medical patients during acute hospitalization: secondary analysis of a randomized trial, PLoS Med, 16, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002852 Sáez de Asteasu, 2020, Cognitive function improvements mediate exercise intervention effects on physical performance in acutely hospitalized older adults, J Am Med Dir Assoc Martínez-Velilla, 2021, Recovery of the decline in activities of daily living after hospitalization through an individualized exercise programme: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 10.1093/gerona/glab032 Izquierdo, 2020, Exercise in people over 85, BMJ, 368, m402, 10.1136/bmj.m402 Fried, 2021, The physical frailty syndrome as a transition from homeostatic symphony to cacophony, Nat Aging, 1, 36, 10.1038/s43587-020-00017-z Cadore, 2014, Multicomponent exercises including muscle power training enhance muscle mass, power output, and functional outcomes in institutionalized frail nonagenarians, Age (Dordr), 36, 773, 10.1007/s11357-013-9586-z Cadore, 2018, Muscle power training: a hallmark for muscle function retaining in frail clinical setting, J Am Med Dir Assoc, 19, 190, 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.12.010 García-Hermoso, 2020, Safety and effectiveness of long-term exercise interventions in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Sports Med, 50, 1095, 10.1007/s40279-020-01259-y Cadore, 2015, Exercise interventions in polypathological aging patients that coexist with diabetes mellitus: improving functional status and quality of life, Age (Dordr), 37, 64, 10.1007/s11357-015-9800-2 Sherwood, 2000, The behavioral determinants of exercise: implications for physical activity interventions, Annu Rev Nutr, 20, 21, 10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.21 Bennett, 2011, Motivating older adults to exercise: what works?, Age Ageing, 40, 148, 10.1093/ageing/afq182 Sparks, 2017, Exercise training response heterogeneity: physiological and molecular insights, Diabetologia, 60, 2329, 10.1007/s00125-017-4461-6 Izquierdo, 2016, What is new in exercise regimes for frail older people — how does the Erasmus Vivifrail Project take us forward?, J Nutr Health Aging, 20, 736, 10.1007/s12603-016-0702-5 Izquierdo, 2021, VIVIFRAIL: a multi-component physical training program to prevent weakness and falls in people over 70 years, British Journal of Sports Medicine Blog Izquierdo, 2016, Is it ethical not to precribe physical activity for the elderly frail?, J Am Med Dir Assoc, 17, 779, 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.06.015