Hoạt động thể chất như một biện pháp hỗ trợ cai thuốc lá trong thai kỳ: Hai nghiên cứu tính khả thi

BMC Public Health - Tập 8 - Trang 1-9 - 2008
Michael Ussher1, Paul Aveyard2, Tim Coleman3, Lianne Straus4, Robert West5, Bess Marcus6, Beth Lewis7, Isaac Manyonda8
1Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK
2Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
3School of Community Health Sciences, Division of Primary Care, Queen's University Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
4Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
5Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
6Department of Community Health and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, USA
7School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 209 Cooke Hall, Minneapolis, USA
8Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK

Tóm tắt

Các phương pháp trị liệu bằng thuốc cho việc cai thuốc lá chưa được thử nghiệm một cách đầy đủ ở phụ nữ mang thai và phụ nữ rất ngần ngại khi sử dụng chúng. Hỗ trợ hành vi một mình có ảnh hưởng khiêm tốn đến tỷ lệ cai thuốc; do đó, cần có các can thiệp hiệu quả hơn. Ngay cả các hoạt động thể chất cường độ vừa phải (ví dụ: đi bộ nhanh) cũng làm giảm cảm giác thèm thuốc lá và có một số bằng chứng cho thấy nó làm tăng tỷ lệ cai ở những người không mang thai. Hai nghiên cứu thử nghiệm đã đánh giá i) khả năng tuyển dụng phụ nữ mang thai tham gia thử nghiệm hoạt động thể chất để cai thuốc lá, ii) mức độ chấp hành hoạt động thể chất và iii) nhận thức của phụ nữ về can thiệp. Những người phụ nữ mang thai hút thuốc đã tình nguyện tham gia một can thiệp kết hợp hỗ trợ cai thuốc lá, tư vấn hoạt động thể chất và tập thể dục có giám sát (ví dụ: đi bộ trên máy chạy bộ). Nghiên cứu đầu tiên cung cấp sáu phiên điều trị hàng tuần. Nghiên cứu thứ hai cung cấp 15 phiên trong tám tuần. Mức độ hoạt động thể chất và sự kiêng thuốc liên tục (được xác nhận bằng khí CO2 thở ra) đã được theo dõi trong tối đa tám tháng thai kỳ. Tổng cộng, 11,6% (32/277) phụ nữ được ghi nhận là người hút thuốc trong lần đặt hẹn trước sinh đầu tiên đã được tuyển dụng. Tại tám tháng thai kỳ, 25% (8/32) phụ nữ đạt được sự kiêng thuốc liên tục. Những phụ nữ kiêng thuốc đã tham dự ít nhất 85% số phiên điều trị và 75% (6/8) đạt được mức độ mục tiêu là 110 phút/tuần hoạt động thể chất vào cuối điều trị. Mức độ hoạt động thể chất tăng lên đã được duy trì ở tám tháng thai kỳ chỉ trong nghiên cứu thứ hai. Phụ nữ đã báo cáo rằng can thiệp đã giúp quản lý cân nặng, giảm cảm giác thèm thuốc lá và tăng cường sự tự tin trong việc bỏ thuốc. Việc tuyển dụng phụ nữ mang thai hút thuốc tham gia vào một thử nghiệm hoạt động thể chất để cai thuốc lá là khả thi và rất có thể được ưa chuộng. Một thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên có đối chứng lớn là cần thiết để kiểm tra hiệu quả của can thiệp này.

Từ khóa

#cai thuốc lá #phụ nữ mang thai #hoạt động thể chất #hỗ trợ hành vi #nghiên cứu tính khả thi

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