Photodynamic Antifungal Chemotherapy

Photochemistry and Photobiology - Tập 88 Số 3 - Trang 512-522 - 2012
Piergiacomo Calzavara‐Pinton1, Mariateresa Rossi1, Raffaella Sala1, Marina Venturini1
1Department of Dermatology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy -

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe growing resistance against antifungal drugs has renewed the search for alternative treatment modalities, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be a potential candidate. Preliminary findings have demonstrated that dermatophytes and yeasts can be effectively sensitized in vitro and in vivo by administering photosensitizers (PSs) belonging to four chemical groups: phenothiazine dyes, porphyrins and phthalocyanines, as well as aminolevulinic acid, which, while not a PS in itself, is effectively metabolized into protoporphyrin IX. Besides efficacy, PDT has shown other benefits. First, the sensitizers used are highly selective, i.e., fungi can be killed at combinations of drug and light doses much lower than that needed for a similar effect on keratinocytes. Second, all investigated PSs lack genotoxic and mutagenic activity. Finally, the hazard of selection of drug resistant fungal strains has been rarely reported. We review the studies published to date on antifungal applications of PDT, with special focus on yeast, and aim to raise awareness of this area of research, which has the potential to make a significant impact in future treatment of fungal infections.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00848.x

Bertoloni G., 1992, Photosensitizing activity of water‐ and lipid‐soluble phthalocyanines on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial cells, Microbios, 71, 33

10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04013.x

10.1002/lsm.20361

10.1016/1011-1344(89)80035-1

10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04834.x

10.1002/yea.1029

10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00344-2

10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01424.x

10.1007/s101030200027

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.07.011

10.1016/S0924-8579(00)00207-7

10.1111/j.1751-1097.1977.tb07423.x

10.1007/s10103-007-0530-2

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.12.002

10.1128/AAC.05404-11

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.07.013

10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00868.x

10.1007/s10103-010-0852-3

10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05091.x

10.1067/moe.2002.120051

10.1007/s10103-009-0673-4

10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.08.012

Vazquez J. A., 2010, Optimal management of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis in patients living with HIV infection, HIV AIDS (Auckl)., 2, 89

10.1128/JCM.01502-06

10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00689.x

10.1017/S0953756298006637

10.1007/s11046-011-9434-6

10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02042.x

10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.05.013

10.1128/AAC.49.6.2329-2335.2005

Junqueira J. C., 2010, Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: photodynamic antimicrobial effects of malachite green on Staphylococcus, enterobacteriaceae, and Candida, Photomed Laser Surg., 28, S67, 10.1089/pho.2009.2526

10.1007/s10103-009-0706-z

10.1016/1011-1344(96)07287-9

10.1111/j.1600-0714.1993.tb01088.x

10.1111/j.1751-1097.1981.tb09035.x

10.1093/jac/35.1.103

Bertoloni G., 1993, Protoporphyrin photosensitization of Enterococcus hirae and Candida albicans cells, Las. Life Sci., 5, 5267

10.1128/AAC.49.5.2026-2034.2005

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.11.020

10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb05563.x

10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.03.001

10.1590/S1517-83822010000100009

10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.10.006

10.1002/lsm.21049

10.1016/S1011-1344(99)00009-3

10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb08651.x

10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770556PIOTDT2.0.CO2

10.1093/jac/dkl490

10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00468.x

10.1021/jm1009555

10.1111/j.1574-695X.2010.00725.x

10.1039/c1pp05074e

10.1016/S0300-9084(75)80146-5

10.1006/bbrc.2000.2874

10.1016/S1011-1344(98)00215-2

Shumarina A. O., 2003, Photodynamic damage of yeast subcellular fraction induced by elevated levels of endogenous protoporphyrin IX, Mikrobiologiia., 72, 488

Strakhovskaya M. G., 1998, Synthesis of PPIX induced by 5‐aminolevulinic acid in yeast cells in the presence of 2,20‐dipyridyl, Biochemistry (Mosc.), 63, 725

10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05016.x

10.1039/b315629j

10.1111/j.1600-0781.2004.00095.x

10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02880.x

10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02783.x

10.1002/lsm.20857

10.1001/archderm.143.9.1218

10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.12.005

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.01.005

Watanabe D., 2008, Successful treatment of toenail onychomycosis with photodynamic therapy. Arch, Dermatol., 144, 19

10.1016/j.jaad.2008.06.015

10.2340/00015555-0811

10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.01070.x

10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb08428.x

10.1039/b202031a

10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.069

10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00938.x

10.1142/S1088424606000181

10.1042/bj2560001

De Nobel J. G., 1989, Increased cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae after treatment with dithiothreitol or EDTA, J. Gen. Microbiol., 135, 2077

10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05016.x

10.1039/B9PP00154A

10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.015

10.1002/lsm.21110

10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00325-3

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.01.009

10.1128/AAC.48.6.2000-2006.2004

10.1093/jac/dkr160

10.1007/s00284-009-9514-8

10.1039/c0pp00082e

10.1128/AAC.00121-07

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.03.005

10.1021/cb900243b