Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors

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irritated skin of NC/Nga mice, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 76, 263 Wakita, 2015, A putative antipruritic mechanism of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor E6005 by attenuating capsaicin-induced depolarization of C-fibre nerves, Exp Dermatol, 24, 215, 10.1111/exd.12606 Teixeira, 1997, Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors: anti-inflammatory drugs of the future?, Trends Pharmacol Sci, 18, 164, 10.1016/S0165-6147(97)90613-1 Gottlieb, 2013, Efficacy, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics of apremilast in recalcitrant plaque psoriasis: a phase II open-label study, J Drugs Dermatol, 12, 888 Volf, 2012, A phase 2, open-label, investigator-initiated study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of apremilast in subjects with recalcitrant allergic contact or atopic dermatitis, J Drugs Dermatol, 11, 341 Samrao, 2012, A pilot study of an oral phosphodiesterase inhibitor (apremilast) for atopic dermatitis in adults, Arch Dermatol, 148, 890, 10.1001/archdermatol.2012.812 US National Library of Medicine: 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Zane, 2016, Crisaborole topical ointment, 2% in patients ages 2 to 17 years with atopic dermatitis: a phase 1b, open-label, maximal-use systemic exposure study, Pediatr Dermatol, 33, 380, 10.1111/pde.12872 Paller, 2016, Efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment, a novel, nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children and adults, J Am Acad Dermatol, 75, 494, 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.05.046 Murrell, 2015, Crisaborole topical ointment, 2% in adults with atopic dermatitis: a phase 2a, vehicle-controlled, proof-of-concept study, J Drugs Dermatol, 14, 1108 Ohba, 2016, Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a novel phosphodiesterase inhibitor, E6005 ointment, in healthy volunteers and in patients with atopic dermatitis, J Dermatolog Treat, 27, 241, 10.3109/09546634.2015.1093587 Jarnagin, 2016, Crisaborole topical ointment, 2%: a nonsteroidal, topical, anti-Inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, J Drugs Dermatol, 15, 390 Ciaravino, 2017, 2-Year animal carcinogenicity results for crisaborole, a novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for atopic dermatitis, J Dermatol Sci, 87, 116, 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.03.020 Zane, 2016, Tolerability of crisaborole ointment for application on sensitive skin areas: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study in healthy volunteers, Am J Clin Dermatol, 17, 519, 10.1007/s40257-016-0204-6 Tom, 2016, Pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and tolerability of crisaborole topical ointment, 2% in adolescents with atopic dermatitis: an open-label phase 2a study, Pediatr Dermatol, 33, 150, 10.1111/pde.12780 Stein Gold, 2015, A phase 2, randomized, controlled, dose-ranging study evaluating crisaborole topical ointment, 0.5% and 2% in adolescents with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis, J Drugs Dermatol, 14, 1394 Paller, 2005, Tacrolimus ointment is more effective than pimecrolimus cream with a similar safety profile in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: results from 3 randomized, comparative studies, J Am Acad Dermatol, 52, 810, 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.12.038 Eichenfield, 2017, Long-term safety of crisaborole ointment 2% in children and adults with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis, J Am Acad Dermatol, 77, 641, 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.06.010 Hanifin, 2016, OPA-15406, a novel, topical, nonsteroidal, selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor, in the treatment of adult and adolescent patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD): a phase-II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, J Am Acad Dermatol, 75, 297, 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.04.001 Ohba, 2016, Efficacy of a novel phosphodiesterase inhibitor, E6005, in patients with atopic dermatitis: an investigator-blinded, vehicle-controlled study, J Dermatolog Treat, 27, 467, 10.3109/09546634.2016.1157257 Nemoto, 2016, Effect of topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor E6005 on Japanese children with atopic dermatitis: results from a randomized, vehicle-controlled exploratory trial, J Dermatol, 43, 881, 10.1111/1346-8138.13231 Furue, 2014, Safety and efficacy of topical E6005, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in Japanese adult patients with atopic dermatitis: results of a randomized, vehicle-controlled, multicenter clinical trial, J Dermatol, 41, 577, 10.1111/1346-8138.12534