Phosphatase inhibitors BVT-948 and alexidine dihydrochloride inhibit sexual development of the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei

Ashcroft, 2007 Ayer, 2013, Pimecrolimus for psoriasis, Expet Opin. Pharmacother., 14, 767, 10.1517/14656566.2013.775247 Azevedo, 2017, Bioluminescence method for in vitro screening of Plasmodium transmission-blocking compounds, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61, 10.1128/AAC.02699-16 Bao, 2021, Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library screening identified PTPMT1 in cardiolipin synthesis is crucial to survival in hypoxia in liver cancer, Cell Rep., 34, 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108676 Birkholtz, 2022, Transmission-blocking drugs for malaria elimination, Trends Parasitol., 38, 390, 10.1016/j.pt.2022.01.011 Braks, 2006, Development and application of a positive-negative selectable marker system for use in reverse genetics in Plasmodium, Nucleic Acids Res., 34, e39, 10.1093/nar/gnj033 Chan, 2012, Inhibitors of V-ATPase proton transport reveal uncoupling functions of tether linking cytosolic and membrane domains of V0 subunit a (Vph1p), J. Biol. Chem., 287, 10236, 10.1074/jbc.M111.321133 Choi, 2020, The histone lysine methyltransferase SETD8 regulates angiogenesis through HES-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Sci. Rep., 10 Cowman, 2016, Malaria: biology and disease, Cell, 167, 610, 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.055 De Munter, 2013, Challenges and opportunities in the development of protein phosphatase-directed therapeutics, ACS Chem. Biol., 8, 36, 10.1021/cb300597g Delves, 2012, The activities of current antimalarial drugs on the life cycle stages of Plasmodium: a comparative study with human and rodent parasites, PLoS Med., 9, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001169 Doughty-Shenton, 2010, Pharmacological targeting of the mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut., 333, 584, 10.1124/jpet.109.163329 Eltahan, 2019, The action of the hexokinase inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose on cryptosporidium parvum and the discovery of activities against the parasite hexokinase from marketed drugs, J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 66, 460, 10.1111/jeu.12690 Faulds, 1993, Cyclosporin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in immunoregulatory disorders, Drugs, 45, 953, 10.2165/00003495-199345060-00007 Guttery, 2014, Genome-wide functional analysis of Plasmodium protein phosphatases reveals key regulators of parasite development and differentiation, Cell Host Microbe, 16, 128, 10.1016/j.chom.2014.05.020 Hamilton, 2019, Evolution and expansion of multidrug-resistant malaria in southeast Asia: a genomic epidemiology study, Lancet Infect. Dis., 19, 943, 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30392-5 Hanboonkunupakarn, 2022, Advances and roadblocks in the treatment of malaria, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 88, 374, 10.1111/bcp.14474 Hollin, 2019, Essential role of GEXP15, a specific Protein Phosphatase type 1 partner, in Plasmodium berghei in asexual erythrocytic proliferation and transmission, PLoS Pathog., 15, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007973 Humphrey, 2015, Protein phosphorylation: a major switch mechanism for metabolic regulation, Trends Endocrinol. Metabol., 26, 676, 10.1016/j.tem.2015.09.013 Hwang, 2013, Protein tyrosine phosphatase controls breast cancer invasion through the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, BMB Rep., 46, 533, 10.5483/BMBRep.2013.46.11.053 Jagtap, 2018, Mechanistic evaluation of lipopolysaccharide-alexidine interaction using spectroscopic and in silico approaches, ACS Infect. Dis., 4, 1546, 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00087 Jin, 2016, Pharmacological effects of berberine and its derivatives: a patent update, Expert Opin. Ther. Pat., 26, 229, 10.1517/13543776.2016.1118060 Kumar, 2004, A zinc-binding dual-specificity YVH1 phosphatase in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and its interaction with the nuclear protein, pescadillo, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 133, 297, 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2003.11.005 Kutuzov, 2008, Protein Ser/Thr phosphatases of parasitic protozoa, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 161, 81, 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.06.008 Liljebris, 2004, Oxidation of protein tyrosine phosphatases as a pharmaceutical mechanism of action: a study using 4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-2H-benzo[g]indole-2,5(3H)-dione, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut., 309, 711, 10.1124/jpet.103.062745 Mamouei, 2018, Alexidine dihydrochloride has broad-spectrum activities against diverse fungal pathogens, mSphere, 3, 10.1128/mSphere.00539-18 Moorhead, 2009, Evolution of protein phosphatases in plants and animals, Biochem. J., 417, 401, 10.1042/BJ20081986 Pandey, 2020, Plasmodium condensin core subunits SMC2/SMC4 mediate atypical mitosis and are essential for parasite proliferation and transmission, Cell Rep., 30, 1883, 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.033 Pandey, 2014, Genome wide in silico analysis of Plasmodium falciparum phosphatome, BMC Genom., 15, 1024, 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1024 Plouffe, 2016, High-throughput assay and discovery of small molecules that interrupt malaria transmission, Cell Host Microbe, 19, 114, 10.1016/j.chom.2015.12.001 Rawling, 2020, Small-molecule antagonists of the RIG-I innate immune receptor, ACS Chem. Biol., 15, 311, 10.1021/acschembio.9b00810 Reader, 2021, Multistage and transmission-blocking targeted antimalarials discovered from the open-source MMV Pandemic Response Box, Nat. Commun., 12, 269, 10.1038/s41467-020-20629-8 Saenz, 2013, 4-(1H)-Quinolones and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroacridin-9(10H)-ones prevent the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles freeborni, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 57, 6187, 10.1128/AAC.00492-13 Shaw, 2022, Plasmodium development in Anopheles: a tale of shared resources, Trends Parasitol., 38, 124, 10.1016/j.pt.2021.08.009 Sinden, 2015, The cell biology of malaria infection of mosquito: advances and opportunities, Cell Microbiol., 17, 451, 10.1111/cmi.12413 Soares, 2010, Extracellular Paracoccidioides brasiliensis phospholipase B involvement in alveolar macrophage interaction, BMC Microbiol., 10, 241, 10.1186/1471-2180-10-241 Solyakov, 2011, Global kinomic and phospho-proteomic analyses of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, Nat. Commun., 2, 565, 10.1038/ncomms1558 Talevich, 2012, An evolutionary perspective on the kinome of malaria parasites, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 367, 2607, 10.1098/rstb.2012.0014 Tewari, 2010, The systematic functional analysis of Plasmodium protein kinases identifies essential regulators of mosquito transmission, Cell Host Microbe, 8, 377, 10.1016/j.chom.2010.09.006 Vainonen, 2021, Druggable cancer phosphatases, Sci. Transl. Med., 13, 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe2967 Ward, 2004, Protein kinases of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: the kinome of a divergent eukaryote, BMC Genom., 5, 79, 10.1186/1471-2164-5-79 WHO, 2016 Wilkes, 2008, The protein-phosphatome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, BMC Genom., 9, 412, 10.1186/1471-2164-9-412 Zhu, 2019, Plasmodium berghei serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP5 plays a critical role in male gamete fertility, Int. J. Parasitol., 49, 685, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.03.007