Phenology of Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) chouard, Melittis melissophyllum L. and Symphytum tuberosum L. in two deciduous forests in the Cantabrian mountains, Northwest Spain

Arroyo, J. 1990. Geographic variation of flowering phenology in twenty-six common shrubs in SW Spain. Flora 184: 43?49.

Beaubien, E.G. & Johnson, D.L. 1994. Flowerin gplant phenology and weather in Alberta, Canada. Int. J. Biometeorol. 38: 23?27.

Caprio, J.M. 1993. Flowering dates, potential evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of Syringa vulgaris L. at different elevations in the western United States of America. Agric. For. Meteorol. 63: 55?71.

Daubenmire, R.F. 1979. Ecologia vegetal. Tratado de autoecología de plantas. Ed. Limusa. Mexico. ?tqtq Authors, please complete this reference ?tqtq

Etherington, J.R. 1976. Environment and Plant Ecology. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.

Gorchov, D.L. 1990. Pattern, adaptation and constraint in fruiting synchrony within vertebrate-dispersed woody plants. Oikos 58: 169?180.

Guevara de Lampe, M., Bergeron, Y., Mcneil, R. & Leduc, A. 1992. Seasonal flowering and fruiting patterns in tropical semi-arid vegetation on Northwest Venezuela. Biotropica 24 (1): 64?76.

Guitián, J. & Guitián, P. 1990. Fenología de la floración y fructificación en plantas de un espinal del Bierzo (León, Noroeste de España). An. Jardín Bot. Madrid 48 (1): 53?61.

Guitián, J., Rodriguez Oubiña, J. & Sánchez Fernández, J.M.a. 1990. Estudio fenológico de la floración en las brañas del Noroeste de la Península Ibérica. An. Jardín Bot. Madrid 47 (2): 401?409.

Herrera, J. 1986. Flowering and fruiting phenology in the coastal shrublands of Doñana, South Spain. Vegetatio 68: 91?98.

Herrera, J. 1987. Flower and fruit biology in Southern Spanish Mediterranean shrublands. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 74: 69?78.

Kubiceck, F. & Brecht, J. 1970. Production and phenology of the herb layer in oak-hornbeam forest. Biologia (Bratislava) 25 (10): 655?666.

Muller, R.N. 1978. The phenology, growth and ecosystem dynamics of Erithronium americanum in the northern hardwood forest. Ecol. Monog. 48: 1?20.

Ollerton, J. & Lack, A.J. 1992. Flowering phenology: an example of relaxation of natural selection? Tree 7 (8): 274?276.

Pérez Carro, F.J. & Díaz González, T.E. 1987. Aportaciones al conocimiento de los hayedos basófilos cantábricos. Lazaroa VII: 175?196.

Primack, R.B. 1985. Patterns of flowering phenology in communities, populations, individuals, and single flowers. In: White, J. (ed.) The Population Structure of Vegetation. Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

Rathcke, B. & Lacey, E.P. 1985. Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 16: 179?214.

Rathcke, B. 1988. Flowering phenologies in a shrub community: competition and constraints. J. Ecol. 76: 975?994.

Rivas-Martínez, S. 1983. Series de vegetación de la Región Eurosiberiana de la Península Ibérica. Lazaroa 4: 155?166 (1982).

Rivas-Martínez, S., Díaz González, T.E., Fernández Prieto, J.A., Loidi Arregui, J. & Penas, A. 1984. La vegetación de la alta montaña Cantábica. Los Picos de Europa. Ed. Leonesas. Madrid. Spain

Rivas-Martínez, S. 1993. Bases para una nueva clasificación bioclimática de la Tierra. Folia botanica matritensis 10. XIII Jornadas de Fitosociología, Lisboa, Portugal.

Röhrig, E. & Ulrich, B. 1991. Ecosystems of the world. 7. Temperate deciduous forests. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Schemske, D.W., Willson, M.F., Melampy, M.N., Miller, L.J., Verner, L.J., Schmeske, R.M. & Best, L.B. 1978. Flowering ecology of some spring woodland herbs. Ecology 59 (2): 351?366.

Schirone, B., Leone, A., Mazzoleni, S. & Spada, F. 1990. A new method of survey and data analysis in phenology. J. Veget. Sci. 2: 27?34.

Shuttleworth, W.J., 1989. Micrometeorology of temperate and tropical forest. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, B, 324: 299?344.

Smith, R.S. & Jones, L. 1991. The phenology of mesoptrophic grassland in the Pennine Dales, Northern England: historic hay cutting dates, vegetation variation and plant species phenologies. J. Appl. Ecol. 28: 42?59.

Uemura, S. 1994. Patterns of leaf phenology in forest understory. Can. J. Bot. 72 (4): 409?414.

White, L.M. 1979. Relationship between meteorological measurements and flowering of index species to flowering of 53 plant species. Agric. Meteorol. 20: 189?204.