Phencyclidine animal models of schizophrenia: Approaches from abnormality of glutamatergic neurotransmission and neurodevelopment

Abdul-Monim, 2006, Sub-chronic psychotomimetic phencyclidine induces deficits in reversal learning and alterations in parvalbumin-immunoreactive expression in the rat, J. Psychopharmacol., 21, 198, 10.1177/0269881107067097

Abdul-Monim, 2003, The atypical antipsychotic ziprasidone, but not haloperidol, improves phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficits in a reversal learning task in the rat, J. Psychopharmacol., 17, 57, 10.1177/0269881103017001700

Abdul-Monim, 2006, The effect of atypical and classical antipsychotics on sub-chronic PCP-induced cognitive deficits in a reversal-learning paradigm, Behav. Brain Res., 169, 263, 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.01.019

Akbarian, 1996, Selective alterations in gene expression for NMDA receptor subunits in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics, J. Neurosci., 16, 19, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00019.1996

Allen, 1978, Phencyclidine-induced psychosis, Am. J. Psychiatry, 135, 1081, 10.1176/ajp.135.9.1081

Andersen, 2004, Spatial memory deficits induced by perinatal treatment of rats with PCP and reversal effect of D-serine, Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 1080, 10.1038/sj.npp.1300394

Artaloytia, 2006, Negative signs and symptoms secondary to antipsychotics: a double-blind, randomized trial of a single dose of placebo, haloperidol, and risperidone in healthy volunteers, Am. J. Psychiatry, 163, 488, 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.488

Bakshi, 1995, Antagonism of phencyclidine-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition by the putative atypical antipsychotic olanzapine, Psychopharmacology, 122, 198, 10.1007/BF02246096

Bakshi, 1994, Clozapine antagonizes phencyclidine-induced deficits in sensorimotor gating of the startle response, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 271, 787

Beasley, 1997, Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons are reduced in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics, Schizo Res., 24, 349, 10.1016/S0920-9964(96)00122-3

Birrell, 2000, Medial frontal cortex mediates perceptual attentional set shifting in the rat, J. Neurosci., 20, 4320, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04320.2000

Braff, 1978, Prestimulus effects on human startle reflex in normals and schizophrenics, Psychophysiology, 15, 339, 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01390.x

Brooks, 1997, Altered NMDA sensitivity and learning following chronic developmental NMDA antagonism, Physiol. Behav., 62, 955, 10.1016/S0031-9384(97)00169-8

Carlsson, 1997, Neurotransmitter aberrations in schizophrenia: new perspectives and therapeutic implications, Life Sci., 61, 75, 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00228-2

Clancy, 2001, Translating developmental time across mammalian species, Neuroscience, 105, 7, 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00171-3

Cochran, 2003, Induction of metabolic hypofunction and neurochemical deficits after chronic intermittent exposure to phencyclidine: differential modulation by antipsychotic drugs, Neuropsychopharmcology, 28, 265, 10.1038/sj.npp.1300031

Corbett, 1999, Animal models of negative symptoms: M100907 antagonizes PCP-induced immobility in a forced swim test in mice, Neuropsychopharmacology, 21, S211, 10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00128-1

Cosgrove, 1991, Recovery of neuropsychological functions during reduction in use of phencyclidine, J. Clin. Psychol., 47, 159, 10.1002/1097-4679(199101)47:1<159::AID-JCLP2270470125>3.0.CO;2-O

Depoortere, 2005, Neurochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological profiles of the selective inhibitor of the glycine transporter-1 SSR504734, a potential new type of antipsychotic, Neuropsychopharmacology, 30, 1963, 10.1038/sj.npp.1300772

Deschenes, 2006, Rule shift under long-term PCP challenge in rats, Behav. Brain Res., 167, 134, 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.08.013

Dracheva, 2001, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of elderly patients with schizophrenia, Am. J. Psychiatry, 158, 1400, 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.9.1400

Egerton, 2005, Impairment in perceptual attentional set-shifting following PCP administration: a rodent model of set-shifting deficits in schizophrenia, Psychopharmacology, 179, 77, 10.1007/s00213-004-2109-y

Elliott, 1995, Neuropsychological evidence for frontostriatal dysfunction in schizophrenia, Psychol. Med., 25, 619, 10.1017/S0033291700033523

Ellison, 1993, Dissimilar patterns of degeneration in brain following four different addictive stimulants, Neuroreport, 5, 17, 10.1097/00001756-199310000-00004

Emamian, 2004, Decreased phosphorylation of NMDA receptor type 1 at serine 897 in brains of patients with Schizophrenia, J. Neurosci., 24, 1561, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4650-03.2004

Enomoto, 2005, Long-lasting impairment of associative learning is correlated with a dysfunction of N-methyl-d-aspartate-extracellular signaling-regulated kinase signaling in mice after withdrawal from repeated administration of phencyclidine, Mol. Pharmacol., 68, 1765, 10.1124/mol.105.011304

Fletcher, 2005, Sensitization to amphetamine, but not PCP, impairs attentional set shifting: reversal by a D1 receptor agonist injected into the medial prefrontal cortex, Psychopharmacology, 183, 190, 10.1007/s00213-005-0157-6

Freed, 1984, Effects of neuroleptics on phencyclidine (PCP)-induced locomotor stimulation in mice, Neuropharmacology, 23, 175, 10.1016/S0028-3908(84)80011-8

Gemperle, 2003, Effects of clozapine, haloperidol and iloperidone on neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in prefrontal cortex and their accumulation in brain tissue: an in vitro study, Neuroscience, 117, 681, 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00769-8

Geyer, 2001, Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review, Psychopharmacology, 156, 117, 10.1007/s002130100811

Guan, 2000, Atypical antipsychotic effects of quetiapine fumarate in animal models, Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 21, 205

Guerrini, 1995, Synaptic activation of NF-kappa B by glutamate in cerebellar granule neurons in vitro, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 92, 9077, 10.1073/pnas.92.20.9077

Hajszan, 2006, Subchronic phencyclidine treatment decreases the number of dendritic spine synapses in the rat prefrontal cortex, Biol. Psychiatry, 60, 639, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.015

Harich, 2007, Stimulation of the metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor attenuates social novelty discrimination deficits induced by neonatal phencyclidine treatment, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 192, 511, 10.1007/s00213-007-0742-y

Hashimoto, 2005, Phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficits in mice are improved by subsequent subchronic administration of clozapine, but not haloperidol, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 519, 114, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.07.002

Hashimoto, 2003, Gene expression deficits in a subclass of GABA neurons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia, J. Neurosci., 23, 6315, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-15-06315.2003

Ichihara, 1993, Dopaminergic agonists impair latent learning in mice: possible modulation by noradrenergic function, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 264, 122

Idris, 2005, Investigation of the effects of lamotrigine and clozapine in improving reversal-learning impairments induced by acute phencyclidine and d-amphetamine in the rat, Psychopharmacology, 179, 336, 10.1007/s00213-004-2058-5

Itokawa, 2003, A microsatellite repeat in the promoter of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 2A subunit (GRIN2A) gene suppresses transcriptional activity and correlates with chronic outcome in schizophrenia, Pharmacogenetics, 13, 271, 10.1097/00008571-200305000-00006

Javitt, 1991, Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia, Am. J. Psychiatry, 148, 1301, 10.1176/ajp.148.10.1301

Jentsch, 1997, Enduring cognitive deficits and cortical dopamine dysfunction in monkeys after long-term administration of phencyclidine, Science, 277, 953, 10.1126/science.277.5328.953

Jentsch, 1997, Subchronic phencyclidine administration reduces mesoprefrontal dopamine utilization and impairs prefrontal cortical-dependent cognition in the rat, Neuropsychopharmacology, 17, 92, 10.1016/S0893-133X(97)00034-1

Jentsch, 1999, The neuropsychopharmacology of phencyclidine: from NMDA receptor hypofunction to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, Neuropsychopharmacology, 20, 201, 10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00060-8

Jentsch, 1998, Subchronic phencyclidine administration increases mesolimbic dopaminergic system responsivity and augments stress- and psychostimulant-induced hyperlocomotion, Neuropsychopharmacology, 19, 105, 10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00004-9

Keith, 1991, Failure of haloperidol to block the effects of phencyclidine and dizocilpine on prepulse inhibition of startle, Biol. Psychiatry, 30, 557, 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90025-H

Kitaichi, 1994, Effects of risperidone on phencyclidine-induced behaviors: comparison with haloperidol and ritanserin, J. Pharmacol. Sci. (Jpn. J. Pharmacol.), 66, 181

Kitaichi, 1995, Risperidone prevents the development of supersensitivity, but not tolerance to phencyclidine in rats treated with subacute phencyclidine, Life Sci., 56, 531, 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00482-8

Komuro, 1993, Modulation of neuronal migration by NMDA receptors, Science, 260, 95, 10.1126/science.8096653

Lewis, 2002, Schizophrenia as a disorder of neurodevelopment, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 25, 409, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142754

Li, 2003, Effect of repeated administration of phencyclidine on spatial performance in an eight-arm radial maze with delay in rats and mice, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 75, 335, 10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00085-6

Lipska, 2000, To model a psychiatric disorder in animals: schizophrenia as a reality test, Neuropsychopharmacology, 23, 223, 10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00137-8

Luby, 1959, Study of a new schizophrenomimetic drug; sernyl, AMA Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry, 81, 363, 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1959.02340150095011

Mandillo, 2003, Repeated administration of phencyclidine, amphetamine and MK-801 selectively impairs spatial learning in mice: a possible model of psychotomimetric drug-induced cognitive deficits, Behav. Pharmacol., 14, 533, 10.1097/00008877-200311000-00006

Maren, 2001, Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 24, 897, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.897

Martinez, 1999, Effects of sustained phencyclidine exposure on sensorimotor gating of startle in rats, Neuropsychopharmacology, 21, 28, 10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00137-7

Marquis, 2003, Schizophrenia-like syndrome inducing agent phencyclidine failed to impair memory for temporal order in rats, Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 80, 158, 10.1016/S1074-7427(03)00067-4

Melone, 2001, The expression of glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the rat cerebral cortex is down-regulated by the antipsychotic drug clozapine, Mol. Psychiatry, 6, 380, 10.1038/sj.mp.4000880

Mouri, 2007, Involvement of a dysfunctional dopamine-D1/N-methyl-d-aspartate-NR1 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II pathway in the impairment of latent learning in a model of schizophrenia induced by phencyclidine, Mol. Pharmacol., 71, 1598, 10.1124/mol.106.032961

Murai, 2007, Hypofunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex is involved in the emotional deficit induced by repeated treatment with phencyclidine in mice: implications for abnormalities of glutamate release and NMDA-CaMKII signaling, Behav. Brain Res., 180, 152, 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.03.003

Nabeshima, 1987, Development of tolerance and supersensitivity to phencyclidine in rats after repeated administration of phencyclidine, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 135, 23, 10.1016/0014-2999(87)90753-9

Nabeshima, 1986, Phencyclidine-induced retrograde amnesia in mice, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 89, 334, 10.1007/BF00174370

Nabeshima, 1983, Effect of lesions in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and medial raphe on phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behaviors and hyperactivity in rats, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 91, 455, 10.1016/0014-2999(83)90170-X

Nagai, 2003, Effect of AD-5423 on animal models of schizophrenia: phencyclidine-induced behavioral changes in mice, Neuroreport, 14, 269, 10.1097/00001756-200302100-00023

Noda, 2001, Phencyclidine impairs latent learning in mice: interaction between glutamatergic systems and sigma1 receptors, Neuropsychopharmacology, 24, 451, 10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00192-5

Noda, 2000, Repeated phencyclidine treatment induces negative symptom-like behavior in forced swimming test in mice: imbalance of prefrontal serotonergic and dopaminergic functions, Neuropsychopharmacology, 23, 375, 10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00138-X

Noda, 1997, Effects of antidepressants on phencyclidine-induced enhancement of immobility in a forced swimming test in mice, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 324, 135, 10.1016/S0014-2999(97)00067-8

Noda, 2000, Neuropsychopharmacological study on an animal model for negative symptom of schizophrenia induced by repeated phencyclidine treatment, Yakugaku Zasshi, 120, 677, 10.1248/yakushi1947.120.8_677

Noda, 1995, Enhancement of immobility in a forced swimming test by subacute or repeated treatment with phencyclidine: a new model of schizophrenia, Br. J. Pharmacol., 116, 2531, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15106.x

Nuechterlein, 1984, Information processing and attentional functioning in the developmental course of schizophrenic disorders, Schizophr. Bull., 10, 160, 10.1093/schbul/10.2.160

Ohtsuki, 2001, Mutation analysis of the NMDAR2B (GRIN2B) gene in schizophrenia, Mol. Psychiatry, 6, 211, 10.1038/sj.mp.4000808

Olney, 1989, Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs, Science, 244, 1360, 10.1126/science.2660263

Park, 1992, Schizophrenics show spatial working memory deficits, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 49, 975, 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120063009

Pearlson, 2000, Neurobiology of schizophrenia, Ann. Neurol., 48, 556, 10.1002/1531-8249(200010)48:4<556::AID-ANA2>3.0.CO;2-2

Qiao, 2001, Clozapine, but not haloperidol, reverses social behavior deficit in mice during withdrawal from chronic phencyclidine treatment, Neuroreport, 12, 11, 10.1097/00001756-200101220-00010

Raedler, 1998, Schizophrenia as a developmental disorder of the cerebral cortex, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 8, 157, 10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80019-6

Rainey, 1975, Prolonged psychosis attributed to phencyclidine: report of three cases, Am. J. Psychiatry, 132, 1076, 10.1176/ajp.132.10.1076

Reynolds, 2004, Calcium binding protein markers of GABA deficits in schizophrenia—post mortem studies and animal models, Neurotox. Res., 6, 57, 10.1007/BF03033297

Reynolds, 2005, Chronic phencyclidine administration induces schizophrenia-like changes in N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate in rat brain, Schizophr. Res., 73, 147, 10.1016/j.schres.2004.02.003

Rice, 2001, Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other sequence changes and estimation of nucleotide diversity in coding and flanking regions of the NMDAR1 receptor gene in schizophrenic patients, Mol. Psychiatry, 6, 274, 10.1038/sj.mp.4000838

Rodefer, 2005, PDE10A inhibition reverses subchronic PCP-induced deficits in attentional set-shifting in rats, Eur. J. Neurosci., 21, 1070, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03937.x

Rosenheck, 2003, Effectiveness and cost of olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 290, 2693, 10.1001/jama.290.20.2693

Rossler, 2005, Size of burden of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 15, 399, 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.009

Rushe, 1999, Episodic memory and learning in patients with chronic schizophrenia, Schizophr. Res., 35, 85, 10.1016/S0920-9964(98)00117-0

Sams-Dodd, 1995, Distinct effects of d-amphetamine and phencyclidine on the social behaviour of rats, Behav. Pharmacol., 6, 55, 10.1097/00008877-199501000-00009

Sams-Dodd, 1996, Phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behaviour and social isolation in rats: a possible animal model of schizophrenia, Behav. Pharmacol., 7, 3, 10.1097/00008877-199601000-00001

Scheetz, 1994, Modulation of NMDA receptor function: implications for vertebrate neural development, FASEB J., 8, 745, 10.1096/fasebj.8.10.8050674

Shatz, 1990, Impulse activity and the patterning of connections during CNS development, Neuron, 5, 745, 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90333-B

Sircar, 2003, Postnatal phencyclidine-induced deficit in adult water maze performance is associated with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor upregulation, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci., 21, 159, 10.1016/S0736-5748(03)00026-1

Stefani, 2002, Effects of repeated treatment with amphetamine or phencyclidine on working memory in the rat, Behav. Brain Res., 134, 267, 10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00040-2

Sturgeon, 1982, Behavioral effects of chronic phencyclidine administration in rats, Psychopharmacology, 76, 52, 10.1007/BF00430755

Sturgeon, 1979, Behavioral rating scales for assessing phencyclidine-induced locomotor activity, stereotyped behavior and ataxia in rats, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 59, 169, 10.1016/0014-2999(79)90279-6

Takahashi, 2006, Sustained brain-derived neurotrophic factor up-regulation and sensorimotor gating abnormality induced by postnatal exposure to phencyclidine: comparison with adult treatment, J. Neurochem., 99, 770, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04106.x

Takahashi, 1997, The role of glutamate transporters in glutamate homeostasis in the brain, J. Exp. Biol., 200, 401, 10.1242/jeb.200.2.401

Wang, 2005, Differential effects of acute and subchronic administration on phencyclidine-induced neurodegeneration in the perinatal rat, J. Neurosci. Res., 81, 284, 10.1002/jnr.20559

Wang, 2007, The role of caspase-3 activation in phencyclidine-induced neuronal death in postnatal rats, Neuropsychopharmacology, 32, 1178, 10.1038/sj.npp.1301202

Wang, 2001, Long-term behavioral and neurodegenerative effects of perinatal phencyclidine administration: implications for schizophrenia, Neuroscience, 107, 535, 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00384-0

Wang, 2003, Blockade of phencyclidine-induced cortical apoptosis and deficits in prepulse inhibition by M40403, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 304, 266, 10.1124/jpet.102.041798

Weinberger, 1988, Schizophrenia and the frontal lobe, Trends Neurosci., 11, 367, 10.1016/0166-2236(88)90060-4

Wiley, 2003, Pharmacological challenge reveals long-term effects of perinatal phencyclidine on delayed spatial alternation in rats, Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 27, 867, 10.1016/S0278-5846(03)00146-5

Wolkin, 1992, Negative symptoms and hypofrontality in chronic schizophrenia, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 49, 959, 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120047007

Yamamoto, 1994, Differential effects of chronic antipsychotic drug treatment on extracellular glutamate and dopamine concentrations, J. Neurosci., 14, 4159, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-07-04159.1994