Pharmacological and psychological treatments of pathological skin-picking: A preliminary meta-analysis

Ackerman, 1994, Predictors of treatment response in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Multivariate analyses from a multicenter trial of clomipramine, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 14, 247, 10.1097/00004714-199408000-00004 American Psychiatric Association, 2000 American Psychiatric Association (2011a). Skin picking disorder. Available from: 〈http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevision/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=401S〉. American Psychiatric Association (2011b). Obsessive–compulsive and related disorders. Available from: 〈http://www.dsm5.org/〉. Arbabi, 2008, Efficacy of citalopram in treatment of pathological skin picking, a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial, Acta Medica Iranica, 46, 367 Arnold, 2001, Psychogenic excoriation: Clinical features, proposed diagnostic criteria, epidemiology and approaches to treatment, CNS Drugs, 15, 351, 10.2165/00023210-200115050-00002 Arnold, 1998, Characteristics of 34 adults with psychogenic excoriation, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 509, 10.4088/JCP.v59n1003 Arnold, 1999, An open clinical trial of fluvoxamine treatment of psychogenic excoriation, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19, 15, 10.1097/00004714-199902000-00005 Arzeno Ferrao, 2006, Impulsivity and compulsivity in patients with trichotillomania or skin picking compared with patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47, 282, 10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.11.005 Ashford, 2009, Difference-based meta-analytic procedures for between-participant and/or within-participant designs: A tutorial review for sports and exercise scientists, Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 237, 10.1080/02640410802482409 Bienvenu, 2000, The relationships of obsessive–compulsive disorder to possible spectrum disorders: Results from a family study, Biological Psychiatry, 48, 287, 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00831-3 Biondi, 2000, Paroxetine in a case of psychogenic pruritus and neurotic excoriations, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 69, 65, 10.1159/000012386 Bloch, 2001, Fluoxetine in pathologic skin-picking: Open-label and double-blind results, Psychosomatics, 42, 314, 10.1176/appi.psy.42.4.314 Bohne, 2005, Pathologic hairpulling, skin picking, and nail biting, Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 17, 227, 10.1080/10401230500295354 Borenstein, 2010, A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis, Research Synthesis Methods, 1, 97, 10.1002/jrsm.12 Calikuşu, 2010, Skin picking: Clinical aspects, 124 Calikuşu, 2003, The relation of psychogenic excoriation with psychiatric disorders: A comparative study, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 44, 256, 10.1016/S0010-440X(03)00041-5 Comprehensive meta-analysis (version 2.2.064). (2006). [Computer software]. Englewood, NJ: Biostat. Cullen, 2001, The relationship of pathologic skin picking to obsessive–compulsive disorder, Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 189, 193, 10.1097/00005053-200103000-00010 Deckersbach, 2002, Cognitive-behavior therapy for self-injurious skin picking, Behavior Modification, 26, 361, 10.1177/0145445502026003004 Flessner, 2008, Acceptance-enhanced behaviour therapy (AEBT) for trichotillomania and chronic skin picking: Exploring the effects of component sequencing, Behavior Modification, 32, 579, 10.1177/0145445507313800 Flessner, 2007, StopPicking.com: Internet-based treatment for self-injurious skin picking, Dermatology Online Journal, 13, 3, 10.5070/D31DX97474 Flessner, 2006, Phenomenological characteristics, social problems, and the economic impact associated with chronic skin picking, Behavior Modification, 30, 944, 10.1177/0145445506294083 Fruensgaard, 1991, Psychotherapy and neurotic excoriations, International Journal of Dermatology, 30, 262, 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1991.tb04634.x Gorman, 1997, Comorbid depression and anxiety spectrum disorders, Depression and Anxiety, 4, 160, 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6394(1996)4:4<160::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-J Grant, 2006, Pathologic skin picking in individuals with body dysmorphic disorders, General Hospital Psychiatry, 28, 487, 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.08.009 Grant, 2010, A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine for pathologic skin picking: Treatment efficacy, and neurocognitive predictors of response, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 30, 396, 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181e617a1 Grant, 2007, Lamotrigine treatment of pathologic skin picking: An open-label study, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68, 1384, 10.4088/JCP.v68n0909 Gupta, 2001, Olanzapine may be an effective adjunctive therapy in the treatment of acne excoriee: A case report, Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 5, 25, 10.1177/120347540100500106 Hallion, 2011, A meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive bias modification on anxiety and depression, Psychological Bulletin, 137, 10.1037/a0024355 Hedges, 1994, Statistical considerations, 29 Hedges, 1985 Hedges, 2001, The power of statistical tests in meta-analysis, Psychological Methods, 6, 203, 10.1037/1082-989X.6.3.203 Hedges, 1998, Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis, Psychological Methods, 3, 486, 10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.486 Higgins, 2002, Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis, Statistic in Medicine, 21, 1539, 10.1002/sim.1186 Kalivas, 1996, Sertraline in the treatment of of neurotic excoriations and related disorders, Archives of Dermatology, 132, 589, 10.1001/archderm.1996.03890290131022 Keuthen, 2000, Repetitive skin-picking in a student population and comparison with a sample of self-injurious skin-pickers, Psychosomatics, 41, 210, 10.1176/appi.psy.41.3.210 Keuthen, 2007, Open-label escitalopram treatment for pathological skin picking, International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 22, 268, 10.1097/YIC.0b013e32809913b6 Keuthen, 2010, The prevalence of pathologic skin picking in US adults, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51, 183, 10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.04.003 Lecrubier, 2001, The burden of depression and anxiety in general medicine, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 4 Lienemann, 1989, Reversal of self-abusive behaviour with naltrexone. [Letter to the editor], Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 9, 448, 10.1097/00004714-198912000-00022 Morris, 2002, Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs, Psychological Methods, 7, 105, 10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.105 Mulrow, 1994, Systematic reviews: Rationale for systematic review, British Medical Journal, 309, 597, 10.1136/bmj.309.6954.597 Neziroglu, 2008, Skin picking phenomenology and severity comparison, Primary Care Companion Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 10, 306, 10.4088/PCC.v10n0406 Odlaug, 2007, Childhood-onset pathologic skin picking: Clinical characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 388, 10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.03.007 Odlaug, 2008, Clinical characteristics and medical complications of pathologic skin picking, General Hospital Psychiatry, 30, 61, 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.07.009 Philips, 1995, Skin picking as a symptom of body dysmorphic disorder, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 31, 279 Ravindran, 1999, Obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders: Effective treatment with paroxetine, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 805, 10.1177/070674379904400808 Rosenbaum, 1981, The behavioural treatment of neurodermatitis through habit-reversal, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 19, 313, 10.1016/0005-7967(81)90052-8 Schuck, 2011, The effects of brief cognitive-behavior therapy for pathological skin picking: A randomized comparison to wait-list control, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 11, 10.1016/j.brat.2010.09.005 Simeon, 1997, A double-blind trial of fluoxetine in pathologic skin picking, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 58, 341, 10.4088/JCP.v58n0802 Steketee, 2001, Effects of Axis I and II comorbidity on behavior therapy outcome for obsessive–compulsive disorder and agoraphobia, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42, 76, 10.1053/comp.2001.19746 Sterne, 2008, Addressing reporting biases Stevens, 2009 Teng, 2006, Investigation of habit reversal as a treatment for chronic skin picking: A pilot, Behaviour Modification, 30, 411, 10.1177/0145445504265707 Twohig, 2006, A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for chronic skin picking, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1513, 10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.002 Twohig, 2001, Habit reversal as a treatment for chronic skin picking in typically developing adult male siblings, Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 34, 217, 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-217 Twohig, 2003, Evaluating the efficacy of habit reversal: comparison with a placebo control, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64, 40, 10.4088/JCP.v64n0109 Walker, 2008, Meta-analysis: Its strengths and limitations, Cleveland Clinical Journal of Medicine, 75, 431, 10.3949/ccjm.75.6.431 Wilhelm, 1999, Self-injurious skin picking: Clinical characteristics and comorbidity, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60, 454, 10.4088/JCP.v60n0707 Yeh, 2003, Efficacy of telephone-administered cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders: Case studies, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 32, 75, 10.1080/16506070302323