Pesticides in surface water runoff in south‐eastern New York State, USA: seasonal and stormflow effects on concentrations

Pest Management Science - Tập 60 Số 6 - Trang 531-543 - 2004
Patrick J. Phillips1, Robert W. Bode2
1US Geological Survey, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180, USA
2New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractSamples from two streams (Kisco River and the Middle Branch of the Croton River) in the Croton Reservoir system in south‐eastern New York State, USA were sampled from May 2000 through to February 2001 in order to document the effect of land use, streamflow and seasonal patterns of application on pesticide concentrations in runoff from developed watersheds. Many of the pesticides detected most commonly in this study are generally used in developed areas, and particularly on turfgrass. Pesticide concentrations were generally higher, and the numbers of compounds were generally larger, in samples from the Kisco River than in samples from the Middle Branch, probably because the Kisco River drainage has a greater population density and is more extensively developed. Four pesticides (2,4‐D, 2,4‐D‐methyl, dicamba and metalaxyl) were detected in at least one sample from the Kisco River at a concentration >1 µg litre−1, and no pesticides were detected at concentrations >0.4 µg litre−1 in Middle Branch samples. No human‐health‐based water‐quality standards were exceeded by samples from either site in this study, but samples from the Kisco River contained four insecticides (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathion) and one herbicide (2,4‐D) in concentrations that exceeded water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life. The highest concentrations of most compounds occurred during stormflows in both streams in June, September and December, 2000. The lowest concentrations of most compounds at both sites occurred during baseflows from October 2000 through February 2001, even though the concentrations of many compounds increased substantially at the Kisco River site during stormflows in November and December.Detailed data on the variability of pesticide concentrations during stormflows indicate that there may be two sources of pesticides in the Kisco River watershed: (1) elevated concentrations of pesticides during peak flows that occur early in stormflows likely reflect runoff from paved areas, and (2) elevated concentrations during peak flows that occur later in stormflows from areas with lesser amounts of pavement. Data from the Kisco River indicate that the relation between storm discharge and pesticide concentrations varies among compounds, in part because of variation in seasonal application patterns. These variations in the timing of application result in not all stormflows producing increased concentrations of pesticides. Overall, these results indicate the importance of stormflow sampling throughout the year in assessing pesticide fate and transport in urbanized, developed areas. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Larson SJ, 1997, Pesticides in surface waters

10.1002/etc.5620190915

10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00993.x

PhillipsPJandBodeRW Concentrations of pesticides and pesticide degradates in the Croton River watersheds in south‐eastern New York July–September 2000 US Geological Survey Water‐Resources Investigations Report 02–4063 Troy New York USA http://ny.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri024063/(2002).

10.1021/es983726s

10.1021/bk-1993-0522.ch017

10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050011x

WotzkaPJ LeeJ CapelPDandLinM Pesticide concentrations and fluxes in an urban watershed Proc Nat Symposium on Water Quality American Water Resources Association pp135–145(1994).

US Geological Survey Digital map file of land cover for the Environmental Protection Agency Region II Version 98‐07 EROS Data Center Sioux Falls SD USA 1:100000‐scale 1 sheet (1998).

US Bureau of the Census Census of population and housing 1990: Public Law 94–171 data (United States)[machine‐readable data files]. Washington DC The Bureau of the Census Washington DC USA (1991).

US Bureau of the Census Census of population and housing 1990: Public Law 94–171 data technical documentation The Bureau of the Census Washington DC USA (1991).

SheltonLR Field guide for collecting and processing stream‐water samples for the National Water Quality Assessment Program US Geological Survey Open‐File Report 94–455 Sacramento California USA http://ca.water.usgs.gov/pnsp/pest.rep/sw‐t.html(1994).

ZauggSD SandstromMW SmithSGandFehlbergKM Methods of analysis by the US Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of pesticides in water by C‐18 solid‐phase extraction and capillary‐column gas chromatography with selective‐ion monitoring US Geological Survey Open‐File Report 95–181 Denver Colorado USA http://nwql.usgs.gov/Public/pubs/OFR95‐181/OFR95‐181.html(1995).

SandstromMW StroppelME ForemanWTandSchroederMP Methods of analysis by the US Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of moderate‐use pesticides and selected degradates in water by C‐18 solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry US Geological Survey Water‐Resources Investigations Report 01‐4098 Denver Colorado USA http://nwql.usgs.gov/Public/pubs/WRIR01‐4098.html(2001).

FurlongET AndersonBD WernerSL SolivenPP CoffeyLJandBurkhardtMR Methods of analysis by the US Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of pesticides in water by graphitized Carbon‐based solid‐phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry US Geological Survey Water‐Resources Investigations Report 01‐4134 Denver Colorado USA http://nwql.usgs.gov/Public/pubs/WRIR01‐4134.html(2001).

US Environmental Protection Agency Drinking water and health advisories Office of Water Washington DC USA http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/drinking/standards/summary.html accessed on 7/10/2003 (2002).

New York State Department of Health.Water quality regulations for surface and groundwaters; Title 6 chapter X (Parts 703.5 Table 1) 10 NYCRR Subpart 5‐1 New York State Department of Health Public Water Systems Regulations Albany New York USA (1998).

Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers, 1997, Canadian water quality guidelines

Environment Canada Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life Summary tables http://www.ec.gc.ca/ceqg‐rcqe accessed on 7/10/2003 (1999).

International Joint Commission Canada and United States New and revised Great Lakes water quality objectives Vol II IJC report to the governments of the United States and Canada. IJC Windsor Ontario Canada http://www.ijc.org/agree/quality.html#art5 accessed 7/10/2003 (1977).

US Environmental Protection Agency Water Quality Criteria—Aquatic Life Office of Water Washington DC USA http://epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/aqlife.html accessed on 7/10/2003 (2002).

The ARS pesticide properties database US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Maryland USA http://www.arsusda.gov/acsl/ppdb.html accessed 12/29/2003 (2003).

10.1007/978-1-4612-2862-2_1

10.1007/978-1-4612-2662-8_1

VoguePA KerleEAandJenkinsJJ Oregon State University Extension Pesticide Properties Database Corvallis Oregon USA http://ace.orst.edu/info/npic/ppdmove.htm accessed 12/29/2003 (1994).

Pesticide Action Network Pesticide Action Network Pesticide Database—Pesticide Products—Product Search http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Search_Products.jsp accessed on 12/02/2002 (2002).

Barbash JE, 1996, Pesticides in ground water

Wall GR, 1998, Pesticides in the Hudson River Basin, 1994–96, Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, 20, 299

Crop Data Management Systems Image 70 DG Specimen Label NVA 2001‐04‐151‐0165 9/00(http://www.cdms.net/ldat/ld3SG005.pdf) accessed on 3/11/2003 (2001).

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Pest Management Science

Tập 60 Số 6

531-543

Thông tin tác giả