Perturbations of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and adrenal androgen (AA) functions in rheumatoid arthritis
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abbo, 1966, The 17-ketosteroid/17-hydrocorticosteroid ratio as a useful measure of the physiological age of the human adrenal cortex, Journal of Gerontology, 21, 112, 10.1093/geronj/21.1.112
Aho, 1986, Occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis in a nationwide series of twins, Journal of Rheumatology, 13, 899
Albright, 1947, Osteoporosis, Annals of Internal Medicine, 27, 861, 10.7326/0003-4819-27-6-861
Amos, 1986, Sulphasalazine for rheumatoid arthritis: toxicity in 774 patients monitored for one to 11 years, British Medical Journal, 293, 420, 10.1136/bmj.293.6544.420
Apter, 1990, Endocrine determinants of fertility: serum androgen concentrations during follow-up of adolescents into the third decade of life, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 71, 970, 10.1210/jcem-71-4-970
Apter, 1979, Serum DHA, ACTH and cortisol concentrations in pubertal girls, Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 68, 599, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb05062.x
Araneo, 1991, Dihydrotestosterone exerts a depressive influence on the production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and γ-interferon, but not IL-2 by activated murine T cells, Blood, 78, 688, 10.1182/blood.V78.3.688.688
Babalola, 1985, Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in a normal pediatric population, Clinical Biochemistry, 18, 184, 10.1016/S0009-9120(85)80106-5
Barrett-Connor, 1986, A prospective study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, mortality, and cardiovascular disease, New England Journal of Medicine, 315, 1519, 10.1056/NEJM198612113152405
Beitel, 1994, Substitution of arginine-839 by cysteine or histidine in the androgen receptor causes different receptor phenotypes in cultured cells and coordinate different degrees of clinical androgen resistance, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 94, 546, 10.1172/JCI117368
Bélanger, 1994, Changes in serum concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in 40- to 80-year old men, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 79, 1086, 10.1210/jc.79.4.1086
Bevilacqua, 1985, Interleukin-1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the adhesion of polymophonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and related leukocyticcell lines, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 76, 2003, 10.1172/JCI112200
Boorman, 1980, The effect of adult exposure to diethylstilbestrol in the mouse macrophage function and numbers, Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society, 28, 547
Bruot, 1987, Effect of adjuvant-induced arthritis on serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations in the male rat, Life Sciences, 41, 1559, 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90722-3
Campisi, 1993, Evidence for soluble and nuclear site I binding of estrogens in human aorta, Atherosclerosis, 103, 267, 10.1016/0021-9150(93)90269-Z
Carrascosa, 1990, Biological effects of androgens and identification of specific dihydrotestosterone-binding sites in cultured human fetal epiphyseal chondrocytes, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 70, 134, 10.1210/jcem-70-1-134
Carr, 1992, Disorders of the ovary and female reproductive tract, 733
Cid, 1994, Estradiol enhances leukocyte binding to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated endothelial cells via an increase in TNF-induced adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 93, 17, 10.1172/JCI116941
Cohen, 1983, Sex steroid receptors in peripheral T cells: absence of androgen receptors and restriction of estrogen receptors to OKT8-positive cells, Journal of Immunology, 31, 2767, 10.4049/jimmunol.131.6.2767
Colville-Nash, 1992, Angiogenesis and rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic and therapeutic implications, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 51, 919, 10.1136/ard.51.7.919
Crilly, 1979, Effect of age on plasma androstendione concentration in oophorectomized women, Clinical Endocrinology, 10, 199, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1979.tb01367.x
Cumming, 1990, Androgenesis and androdynamics in normal women, Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 57, 161, 10.3949/ccjm.57.2.161
Cumming, 1983, Acute suppression of circulation testosterone levels by cortisol in men, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 57, 671, 10.1210/jcem-57-3-671
Cutler, 1979, Dissociation of cortisol and adrenal androgen secretion in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 49, 604, 10.1210/jcem-49-4-604
Cutolo, 1988, Sex hormone status of male patients with rheumatoid arthritis: evidence of low serum concentrations of testosterone of baseline and after humanchorionic gonadotropin stimulation, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 31, 1314, 10.1002/art.1780311015
Cutolo, 1991, Androgen replacement therapy in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 34, 1, 10.1002/art.1780340102
Cutolo, 1992, Evidence for androgen receptors in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 35, 1007, 10.1002/art.1780350905
Cutolo, 1993, Presence of estrogen-binding sites on macrophage-like synoviocytes and CD8+, CD29+, CD45RO+ lymphocytes in normal and rheumatoid synovium, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 36, 1087, 10.1002/art.1780360809
Cutolo, 1993, Macrophages, synovial tissue and rheumatoid arthritis, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 11, 331
Cutolo, 1994, Increase in serum 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol glucuronide as a possible marker of the androgen-mediated immunosuppressive activity exerted by cyclosporin A: preliminary results, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 12, 350
Cutolo, 1995, Androgen metabolism and inhibition of interleukin-1 synthesis in primary cultured human synovial macrophages, Mediators of Inflammation, 4, 138, 10.1155/S096293519500024X
Cutolo, 1995, The role of androgens in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 3, 9
Cutolo, 1995, Estrogens, the immune response and autoimmunity, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 13, 217
Cutolo, 1996, Androgen and estrogen receptors are present in primary cultures of human synovial macrophages, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 81, 820, 10.1210/jc.81.2.820
Dacre, 1991, Joint space in radiologically normal knees, British Journal of Rheumatology, 30, 426, 10.1093/rheumatology/30.6.426
Danneskiold-Samsoe, 1986, Isokinetic and isometric muscle strength in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The relationship to clinical parameters and the influence of corticosteroid, Clinical Rheumatology, 5, 459
da Silva, 1995, Sex hormones, glucocorticoids and autoimmunity: factors and hypotheses, Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 54, 6, 10.1136/ard.54.1.6
da Silva, 1992, The effects of gender and sex hormones on outcome in rheumatoid arthritis, Baillière's Clinical Rheumatology, 6, 193, 10.1016/S0950-3579(05)80344-9
da Silva, 1992, The role of pregnancy in the course and aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis, Clinical Rheumatology, 11, 189, 10.1007/BF02207955
da Silva, 1994, The influence of sex in arthritis: is cartilage an overlooked factor?, Journal of Rheumatology, 21, 791
da Silva, 1993, Protective effect of androgens against inflammation induced cartilage degradation in male rodents, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 52, 285, 10.1136/ard.52.4.285
da Silva, 1993, Inflammation-induced cartilage degradation in female rodents. Protective role of sex hormones, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 36, 1007, 10.1002/art.1780360719
da Silva, 1994, Sex differences in inflammation-induced cartilage damage in rodents. The influence of sex steroids, Journal of Rheumatology, 21, 330
Deighton, 1992, Sex hormones in postmenopausal HLA-identical rheumatoid arthritis discordant sibling pairs, Journal of Rheumatology, 19, 1663
Deighton, 1993, Rheumatoid arthritis, sex ratios, HLA-DR and testosterone, Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 52, 244, 10.1136/ard.52.3.244-a
de la Torre, 1993, Relationship between blood and joint tissue DHEAS levels in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 11, 597
Dufau, 1993, Corticotropin-releasing factor: an antireproductive hormone of the testis, FASEB Journal, 7, 299, 10.1096/fasebj.7.2.8382638
Ehrmann, 1992, Detection of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with androgen excess, New England Journal of Medicine, 326, 157, 10.1056/NEJM199207163270304
Feigenbaum, 1979, Prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis: longitudinal study of newly diagnosed younger adult patients, American Journal of Medicine, 66, 377, 10.1016/0002-9343(79)91055-6
Ferraccioli, 1984, Clinical features, scintiscan characteristics and X-ray progression of late onset rheumatoid arthritis, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 2, 157
Field, 1994, The relation of smoking, age, relative weight, and dietary intake to serum adrenal steroids, sex hormones, and sex hormone-binding globulin in middle-aged men, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 79, 1310, 10.1210/jc.79.5.1310
Firestein, 1995, Apotosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovium, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 96, 1631, 10.1172/JCI118202
Flynn, 1986, Expression of Ia and the production of interleukin-1 by peritoneal exudate macrophages activated in vivo by steroids, Life Sciences, 38, 2455, 10.1016/0024-3205(86)90616-8
Folkman, 1987, Angiostatic steroids: method of discovery and mechanism of action, Annals of Surgery, 206, 374, 10.1097/00000658-198709000-00016
Franchimont, 1991, Effects of hormones and local growth factors on articular chondrocyte metabolism, Journal of Rheumatology, 19, 68
Gerencer, 1982, An association between serum testosterone levels and HLA phenotype, Immunologic Letters, 4, 155, 10.1016/0165-2478(82)90028-1
Goemaere, 1990, Onset of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to age, sex and menopausal transition, Journal of Rheumatology, 17, 1620
Gordon, 1988, Prolonged hypogonadism in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis during flares in disease activity, British Journal of Rheumatology, 27, 440, 10.1093/rheumatology/27.6.440
Griffin, 1992, Disorders of the testes and the male reproductive tract, 799
Griffin, 1994, The testis, 11.1
Grumbach, 1992, Puberty: ontogeny, neuroendocrinology, physiology, and disorders, 1139
Hall, 1993, Depressed levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis but no relation to axial bone density, Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 52, 211, 10.1136/ard.52.3.211
Hall, 1993, Polycystic ovarian disease as a neuroendocrine disorder of the female reproductive axis, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 22, 75, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30181-6
Harris, 1992, Estrogen induces c-fos promoter activity in normal human osteoblast-like cells, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 7, S94
Hasstedt, 1994, HLA-linked rheumatoid arthritis, American Journal of Human Genetics, 55, 738
Hazzard, 1986, Biological basis of the sex differential in longevity, American Geriatrics Society, 34, 455, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb03414.x
Holman, 1994, Thought barriers to understanding rheumatic diseases, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 37, 1565, 10.1002/art.1780371101
Holmdahl, 1989, Oestrogen is a potent immunomodulator of murine experimental rheumatoid disease, British Journal of Rheumatology, 28, 54, 10.1093/rheumatology/XXVIII.suppl_1.54
Holmdahl, 1989, Oestrogen is a potent immunomodulator of murine experimental rheumatoid disease, British Journal of Rheumatology, 28, 69
Hu, 1988, Effect of estradiol on interleukin-1 synthesis by macrophages, International Journal of Immunopharmacology, 10, 247, 10.1016/0192-0561(88)90055-0
Jaattela, 1991, Tumor necrosis factor as a potent inhibitor of adrenocorticotropin-induced cortisol production and steroidogenic P450 enzyme gene expression incultured human fetal adrenal cells, Endocrinology, 128, 623, 10.1210/endo-128-1-623
Jaraquemada, 1986, HLA and rheumatoid arthritis: A combined analysis of 440 patients, Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 45, 627, 10.1136/ard.45.8.627
1990
Knuth, 1989, Indomethacin and oxaprozin lower seminal prostaglandin levels but do not influence sperm motion characteristics and serum hormones in young healthymen in a placebo-controlled double-blind trial, Journal of Andrology, 10, 108, 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1989.tb00071.x
Kobayashi, 1994, Klinefelter's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Report of a case and review of the literature, Clinical Rheumatology, 13, 500, 10.1007/BF02242951
Koch, 1994, Vascular endothelial growth factor. A cytokine modulating endothelial function in rheumatoid arthritis, Journal of Immunology, 152, 4149, 10.4049/jimmunol.152.8.4149
Kovacs, 1989, Androgen receptors in the human thymus, Journal of Immunology, 139, 490, 10.4049/jimmunol.139.2.490
Larbre, 1994, Cartilage contribution to gender differences in joint disease progression. A study with rat articular cartilage, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 12, 401
Lin, 1992, Down-regulation of Leydig cell insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression by interleukin-1, Endocrinology, 130, 1217, 10.1210/en.130.3.1217
Lin, 1993, Steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities of P450C17-contributions of serine (106) and P450 reductase, Endocrinology, 132, 2498, 10.1210/en.132.6.2498
Lobo, 1981, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate as an indicator of adrenal androgen function, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 57, 69
Lucky, 1986, Adrenal androgen hyperresponsiveness to adrenocorticotropin in women with acne and/or hirsutism: adrenal enzyme defects and exaggerated adrenarche, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 62, 840, 10.1210/jcem-62-5-840
MacAdams, 1986, Reduction in serum testosterone levels during chronic glucocorticoid therapy, Annals of Internal Medicine, 140, 648, 10.7326/0003-4819-104-5-648
Martens, 1994, Decreased testosterone levels in men with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of low dose prednisone therapy, Journal of Rheumatology, 21, 1427
Masi, 1994, Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis: Do the observed age-sex interaction patterns support a role of androgenic-anabolic (AA) steroid deficiency in its pathogenesis?, British Journal of Rheumatology, 33, 697, 10.1093/rheumatology/33.8.697
Masi, 1995, Sex hormones and rheumatoid arthritis: cause or effect relationships in a complex pathophysiology?, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 13, 227
Masi, 1984, Low adrenal androgenic-anabolic steroids in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Gas-liquid chromatographic studies of RA patients and matched normal control women indicating decreased 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroid excretion, 14, 1
Masi, 1995, Hormonal and pregnancy relationships to rheumatoid arthritis: convergent effects with immunologic and microvascular systems, 25, 1
Masi, 1995, Integrated hormonal-immunological-vascular (H-I-V triad) systems interactions in the rheumatic diseases, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 13, 203
Masi, 1994, Decreased serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels before onset of RA in younger, pre-menopausal women: A controlled, prospective study, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 37, S315
Masi, 1995, Low serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) levels, rheumatoid factor (RF) and elevated serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) without cytokine receptor (CR) elevations predict long-term onset of RA in women: a controlled, prospective study, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 38, S214
Matsunaga, 1989, Dehydroisoandrosterone prevention of autoimmune disease in NZB/WF1 mice: lack of an effect on associated immunological abnormalities, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 992, 265, 10.1016/0304-4165(89)90084-6
May, 1990, Protection from glucocorticoid induced thymic involution by dehydroepiandrosterone, Life Sciences, 46, 1627, 10.1016/0024-3205(90)90394-7
Meikle, 1991, Adrenal androgen secretion and biologic effects, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 20, 381, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30274-3
Mesiano, 1993, Interaction of insulin-like growth factor-II and estradiol directs steroidogenesis in the human fetal adrenal toward dehydroepiandrosterone sulfateproduction, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 132, 566
Morales, 1994, Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men, and women of advancing age, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 78, 1360, 10.1210/jc.78.6.1360
Morley, 1991, Endocrine factors in geriatric sexuality clinics, Geriatric Medicine, 7, 85, 10.1016/S0749-0690(18)30567-6
Müller-Ladner, 1994, Upregulation of bcl-2 mRNA in synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 37, S163
Munn, 1995, Activation-induced apoptosis in human macrophages: developmental regulation of a novel cell death pathway by macrophage colony-stimulating factor andinterferon γ, Journal of Experimental Medicine, 181, 127, 10.1084/jem.181.1.127
Nakajiama, 1995, Apoptosis and functional Fas antigen in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 38, 485, 10.1002/art.1780380405
Nestler, 1993, Interleukin-1 stimulates the aromatase activity of human placental cytotrophoblasts, Endocrinology, 132, 566, 10.1210/en.132.2.566
Nieschlag, 1973, The secretion of DHA and DHAS in man, Journal of Endocrinology, 57, 123, 10.1677/joe.0.0570123
Nilsson, 1984, Specific binding of 17β-estradiol in the human thymus, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 149, 544, 10.1016/0002-9378(84)90033-4
Nordin, 1981, Oestrogens, the menopause and the adrenopause, Journal of Endocrinology, 89, 131
Nordin, 1985, The relationships between calcium absorption, serum dehydroepiandrosterone, and vertebral bone mineral density in post-menopausal women, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 60, 651, 10.1210/jcem-60-4-651
Novotny, 1983, Analysis of thymocyte subpopulations following treatment with sex hormones, Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 28, 205, 10.1016/0090-1229(83)90155-1
Ojeda, 1981, Role of prostaglandins in the control of pituitary hormone secretion, 229
Ollier, 1989, Are certain HLA haplotypes responsible for low testosterone levels in males?, Disease Markers, 7, 139
Orentreich, 1984, Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 59, 551, 10.1210/jcem-59-3-551
Orentreich, 1992, Long-term longitudinal measurements of plasma DHAS in normal men, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 75, 1002, 10.1210/jc.75.4.1002
Orth, 1992, The adrenal cortex, 489
Parker, 1991, Adrenarche, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 20, 71, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30282-2
Parker, 1991, Control of adrenal androgen secretion, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 20, 401, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30275-5
Parker, 1995, Adrenal androgens, Vol. 2, 1836
Parker, 1981, Adrenal and testicular androgen levels are correlated, Hormone and Metabolic Research, 13, 653, 10.1055/s-2007-1019366
Parker, 1981, Decreased adrenal androgen sensitivity to ACTH during aging, Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 30, 601, 10.1016/0026-0495(81)90139-6
Parker, 1985, Evidence for adrenocortical adaptation to severe illness, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 60, 947, 10.1210/jcem-60-5-947
Parker, 1993, Isolation, purification, synthesis and binding of human adrenal gland cortical androgen stimulating hormone, Endocrine Journal, 1, 441
Pirke, 1980, Testosterone and testosterone precursors in the spermatic vein and in the testicular tissue of old men. Reduced oxygen supply may explain the relative increase of testicular progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone content and production in old age, Gerontology, 26, 221, 10.1159/000212418
Polan, 1990, Cultured human luteal peripheral monocytes secrete increased levels of interleukin-1, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 70, 480, 10.1210/jcem-70-2-480
Polderman, 1995, Effects of gonadal androgens and oestrogens on adrenal androgen levels, Clinical Endocrinology, 43, 415, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02611.x
Pousette, 1989, Androgens during different modes of endocrine treatment of prostatic cancer, Virology Research, 17, 85
Quarmby, 1987, Androgen regulation of c-myc messenger ribonucleic acid levels in rat ventral prostate, Molecular Endocrinology, 1, 865, 10.1210/mend-1-12-865
Rasker, 1984, The natural history of rheumatoid arthritis. A fifteen year follow-up study. The prognostic significance of features noted in the first year, Clinical Rheumatology, 1, 11, 10.1007/BF02715690
Reichlin, 1992, Neuroendocrinology, 135
Reichlin, 1994, Neuroendocrine control of pituitary function, 1.1
Reiter, 1977, Secretion of the adrenal androgen, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, during normal infancy, childhood, and adolescence, in sick infants, and in children with endocrinologic abnormalities, Journal of Pediatrics, 90, 766, 10.1016/S0022-3476(77)81244-4
Rivier, 1989, In the rat, interleukin-1α acts at the level of the brain and the gonads to interfere with gonadotropin and sex steroid secretion, Endocrinology, 124, 2105, 10.1210/endo-124-5-2105
Rook, 1994, Hormones, peripherally activated prohormones and regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance, Immunology Today, 135, 301, 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90075-2
Rosenfield, 1993, Acne, hirsutism, and alopecia in adolescent girls: clinical expressions of androgen excess, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 22, 507, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30148-8
Rosenfield, 1994, Studies of the nature of 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist challenge in functional ovarianhyperandrogenism, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 79, 1686, 10.1210/jc.79.6.1686
Rosner, 1986, Estrogens and osteoarthritis, Clinical Orthopedics, 213, 77, 10.1097/00003086-198612000-00010
Rotter, 1985, A genetic component to the variation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Metabolism, 34, 731, 10.1016/0026-0495(85)90023-X
Schilsky, 1980, Gonadal dysfunction in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer, Annals of Internal Medicine, 93, 109, 10.7326/0003-4819-93-1-109
Schreiber, 1988, Effect of endogeneous and synthetic sex steroids on the clearance of antibody-coated cells, Journal of Immunology, 41, 2959, 10.4049/jimmunol.141.9.2959
Schwartz, 1995, How to learn from patients: Fuller Albright's exploration of adrenal function, Annals of Internal Medicine, 123, 225, 10.7326/0003-4819-123-3-199508010-00010
Semple, 1987, Adrenal androgens and illness, Acta Endocrinologica (Copenhagen), 16, 155, 10.1530/acta.0.1160155
Sherrer, 1987, Disability in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of prognostic factors across three populations, Journal of Rheumatology, 14, 705
Siegel, 1990, ACTH stimulation tests and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in women with hirsutism, New England Journal of Medicine, 323, 849, 10.1056/NEJM199009273231301
Spector, 1988, Low free testosterone levels in rheumatoid arthritis, Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 47, 65, 10.1136/ard.47.1.65
Stankovic, 1994, Effects of transforming growth factor-β on human fetal adrenal steroid production, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 99, 145, 10.1016/0303-7207(94)90002-7
Steward, 1992, Effects of androgens in models of rheumatoid arthritis, Agents and Actions, 35, 268, 10.1007/BF01997510
Styne, 1994, Normal and abnormal sexual development and puberty, 13.1
Suzuki, 1991, Dehydroepiandrosterone enhances IL-2 production and cytotoxic effector function of human T cells, Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 61, 202, 10.1016/S0090-1229(05)80024-8
Symmons, 1986, Factors influencing mortality in rheumatoid arthritis, Journal of Chronic Diseases, 39, 137, 10.1016/0021-9681(86)90070-6
Tazuke, 1992, Exogenous estrogens and endogenous sex hormones, Medicine (Baltimore), 79, 44, 10.1097/00005792-199201000-00004
Trabandt, 1990, Expression of the collagenolytic and ras-induced cysteine proteinase cathepsin L and proliferation-associated oncogenes in synovial cells of MRL/1 mice and patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Matrix, 10, 349, 10.1016/S0934-8832(11)80142-3
Tsai, 1992, Estrogen and osteoarthritis: a study of synovial estradiol and estradiol receptor binding in human osteoarthritic knees, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 183, 1287, 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80330-4
Valentino, 1993, Hormonal pattern in women affected by rheumatoid arthritis, Journal of Endocrinologic Investigation, 16, 619, 10.1007/BF03347683
Vandenbroucke, 1984, Survival and cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis: a 25 year prospective follow-up, Journal of Rheumatology, 11, 158
van der Heijde, 1991, Older versus younger onset rheumatoid arthritis: results at onset and after 2 years of a prospective follow-up study of early rheumatoid arthritis, Journal of Rheumatology, 18, 1285
Webb, 1995, Tamoxifen activation of the estrogen receptor/AP-1 pathway: potential origin for the cell-specific estrogen-like effects of antiestrogens, Molecular Endocrinology, 9, 443, 10.1210/me.9.4.443
Weyand, 1994, Disease mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis: gene dosage effect of HLA-DR haplotypes, Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, 124, 335
Wilder, 1995, Neuroendocrine-immune system interactions and autoimmunity, Annual Review of Immunology, 13, 307, 10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.001515
Wilder, 1982, Strain and sex variation in the susceptibility to streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis in the rat, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 25, 1064, 10.1002/art.1780250906
Wolf, 1992, Transcriptional down-regulation of c-myc in human prostate carcinoma cells by synthetic androgen mibolerone, British Journal of Cancer, 65, 376, 10.1038/bjc.1992.76
Woolf, 1985, Transient hypogonadism caused by critical illness, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 60, 444, 10.1210/jcem-60-3-444
Xiong, 1993, The role of tumor necrosis factors in the regulation of mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis, Endocrinology, 132, 2438, 10.1210/en.132.6.2438
Yamaji, 1987, Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in secondary adrenal insufficiency, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 65, 448, 10.1210/jcem-65-3-448