Peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, and adenomyotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum are three different entities

von Rokitansky, 1860, Ueber Uterusdrusen-Neubildung in Uterus and Ovarialsarcomen (Uterine gland proliferation in uterine and ovarian sarcomas), Zeitschrift Gesellschaft für Aerzte zu Wien, 37, 577

Sampson, 1927, Peritoneal endometriosis due to menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 14, 422, 10.1016/S0002-9378(15)30003-X

Donnez, 1990, Endometriosis: pathogenesis and pathophysiology, 11

Halme, 1984, Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis, Obstet Gynecol, 64, 151

Liu, 1986, Endometriosis: its association with retrograde menstruation, dysmenorrhea and tubal pathology, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, 859, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07995.x

Keettel, 1951, The viability of the cast-off menstrual endometrium, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 61, 440, 10.1016/0002-9378(51)90266-9

Kruitwagen, 1991, Endometrial epithelial cells in peritoneal fluid during the early follicular phase, Fertil Steril, 55, 297, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54119-3

Te Linde, 1950, Experimental endometriosis, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 60, 1147, 10.1016/0002-9378(50)90517-5

Scott, 1953, Further studies on experimental endometriosis, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 66, 1082, 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)38618-5

Schenken, 1984, Etiology of infertility in monkeys with endometriosis: luteinized unruptured follicles, luteal phase defects, pelvic adhesions, and spontaneous abortions, Fertil Steril, 41, 122, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)47552-7

Donnez, 1987, Effect on ovulation of surgically induced endometriosis in rabbits, Gynecol Obstet Invest, 24, 131, 10.1159/000298792

Foidart, 1993, Endometriosis and invasion, 35

Béliard, 1997, Localization of laminin, fibronectin, E-cadherin, and integrins in endometrium and endometriosis, Fertil Steril, 67, 266, 10.1016/S0015-0282(97)81909-7

Lessey, 1992, Integrin adhesion molecules in the human endometrium: correlation with the normal and abnormal menstrual cycle, J Clin Invest, 90, 188, 10.1172/JCI115835

Tabibzadeh, 1992, Cytokine expression in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle, Hum Reprod, 7, 1214, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137829

Bridges, 1994, Expression of integrin adhesion molecules in endometrium and endometriosis, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 101, 696, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13187.x

Van der Linden, 1995, Expression of cadherins and integrins in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle, Fertil Steril, 63, 1210, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57599-2

Marbaix, 1995, The expression of interstitial collagenase in human endometrium is controlled by progesterone and by estradiol and is related to menstruation, Biochem J, 305, 1027, 10.1042/bj3051027

Marbaix, 1996, Regulation and restricted expression of interstitial collagenase suggest a pivotal role in the initiation of menstruation, Hum Reprod, 11, 134, 10.1093/humrep/11.suppl_2.134

Kokorine, 1996, Focal cellular origin and regulation of interstitial collagenase (matrix-metalloproteinase-1) are related to menstrual breakdown in the human endometrium, J Cell Sci, 109, 2151, 10.1242/jcs.109.8.2151

Kokorine, 1997, Expression of interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1) is related to the activity of human endometriotic lesions, Fertil Steril, 68, 246, 10.1016/S0015-0282(97)81510-5

Spuijbroek, 1992, Early endometriosis invades the extracellular matrix, Fertil Steril, 58, 929, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55437-5

Gaetje, 1995, Invasiveness of endometriotic cells in vitro, Lancet, 346, 1463, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92474-4

Jenkins, 1986, Endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomic distribution, Obstet Gynecol, 67, 335

Ayers, 1985, Utero-tubal hypotonia associated with pelvic endometriosis, The American Fertility Soc, 131

Bartosik, 1986, Endometrial tissue in peritoneal fluid, Fertil Steril, 46, 796, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49813-4

Salamanca, 1995, Subendometrial contractility in menstrual phase visualized by transvaginal sonography in patients with endometriosis, Fertil Steril, 64, 193, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57680-8

Cramer, 1986, The relation of endometriosis to menstrual characteristics, smoking, and exercise, J Am Med Assoc, 255, 1904, 10.1001/jama.1986.03370140102032

Sanfilippo, 1986, Endometriosis in association with uterine anomaly, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 154, 39, 10.1016/0002-9378(86)90389-3

Olive, 1987, Endometriosis and müllerian anomalies, Obstet Gynecol, 69, 412

Simpson, 1980, Heritable aspects of endometriosis. I. Genetic studies, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 137, 327, 10.1016/0002-9378(80)90917-5

Steele, 1984, Immunologic aspects of human endometriosis, Am J Reprod Immunol, 6, 33, 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00106.x

Oosterlynck, 1991, Women with endometriosis show a defect in natural killer cell activity resulting in a decreased cytotoxicity to autologous endometrium, Fertil Steril, 56, 45, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54414-8

Dunselmann, 1988, Functional aspects of peritoneal macrophages in endometriosis of women, J Reprod Fertil, 82, 707, 10.1530/jrf.0.0820707

Rana, 1996, Basal and stimulated secretion of cytokines by peritoneal macrophages in women with endometriosis, Fertil Steril, 65, 925, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58262-4

Koch, 1992, Interleukin 8 as a macrophage derived mediator of angiogenesis, Science, 258, 1798, 10.1126/science.1281554

Zhang, 1993, Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α on adhesion of human endometrial cells to peritoneal mesothelial cells: an in vitro system, Fertil Steril, 59, 1196, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55976-7

Van der Linden, 1996, Endometrial cell adhesion in an in vitro model using intact amniotic membranes, Fertil Steril, 65, 76, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58030-3

Meyer, 1919, Zentralbl Gynakol, 43, 745

Melicow, 1967, Endometrial carcinoma of the prostatic utricle (uterus masculinus), Cancer, 20, 1715, 10.1002/1097-0142(196710)20:10<1715::AID-CNCR2820201022>3.0.CO;2-E

Rosenfeld, 1981, Endometriosis in a patient with Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 139, 105, 10.1016/0002-9378(81)90418-X

Lauchlan, 1972, The secondary müllerian system, Obstet Gynecol Surv, 27, 133, 10.1097/00006254-197203000-00001

Serov, 1973, Histological typing of ovarian tumors, 17

Fujii, 1991, Secondary Müllerian system and endometriosis, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 162, 219, 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90255-P

Nakamura, 1993, Scanning electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies of pelvic endometriosis, Hum Reprod, 8, 2218, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138006

Donnez, 1995, Stereometric evaluation of peritoneal endometriosis and endometriotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum, Hum Reprod, 11, 224, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019024

Nisolle, 1993, Morphometric study of the stromal vascularization in peritoneal endometriosis, Fertil Steril, 59, 681, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55823-3

Nisolle, 1996, Peritoneal, ovarian and rectovaginal endometriosis are three distinct entities

1996

Ferenczy, 1987, Anatomy and histology of the uterine corpus, 257

Peek, 1992, The endometrial capillaries during the normal menstrual cycle: a morphometric study, Hum Reprod, 7, 906, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137767

Nisolle, 1995, Coexpression of cytokeratin and vimentin in eutopic endometrium and endometriosis throughout the menstrual cycle: evaluation by a computerized method, Fertil Steril, 64, 69, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57657-2

Nakopoulou, 1990, Value of immunohistochemical demonstration of several epithelial markers in hyperplasia and neoplastic endometrium, Gynecol Oncol, 37, 346, 10.1016/0090-8258(90)90365-R

Norwitz, 1991, Expression of intermediate filament in endometrial glands changes with the onset of pregnancy and in endometriosis, Hum Reprod, 6, 1470, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137291

Bloom, 1978, A textbook of histology, 186

Donnez, 1995, L'endométriose péritonéale, le kyste endométriotique ovarien et le nodule de la lame rectovaginale sont trois pathologies différentes [editorial], Références en Gynécologie Obstétrique, 3, 121

Smith, 1996, Vascular endothelial growth factor and the endometrium, Hum Reprod, 11, 56, 10.1093/humrep/11.suppl_2.56

Haining, 1991, Epidermal growth factor in human endometrium: proliferative effects in culture and immunocytochemical localization in normal and endometriotic tissues, Hum Reprod, 6, 1200, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137512

Ferriani, 1993, Immunohistochemical localization of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors in normal human endometrium and endometriosis and the detection of their mRNA by polymerase chain reaction, Hum Reprod, 8, 11, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137856

Oosterlynck, 1993, Angiogenic activity of peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis, Fertil Steril, 59, 778, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55859-2

Halme, 1988, Peritoneal macrophages from patients with endometriosis release growth factor activity in vitro, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 66, 1044, 10.1210/jcem-66-5-1044

Khorram, 1993, Peritoneal fluid concentrations of the cytokine RANTES correlate with the severity of endometriosis, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 169, 1545, 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90433-J

Ryan, 1995, Interleukin-8 concentrations are elevated in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis, Fertil Steril, 63, 929, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57506-2

Brosens, 1994, Is mild endometriosis a disease? Is mild endometriosis a progressive disease?, Hum Reprod, 9, 2209, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138422

Donnez, 1993, Peritoneal endometriosis: new histological aspects, 75

Redwine, 1987, Age-related evolution in color appearance of endometriosis, Fertil Steril, 48, 1062, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59611-3

Goldstein, 1980, Laparoscopy in the diagnosis and management of pelvic pain in adolescents, J Reprod Med, 44, 251

Brosens, 1978, A study of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta, prolactin and LH levels and of the luteal phase appearance of the ovaries in patients with endometriosis and infertility, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 85, 246, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1978.tb10494.x

Bergqvist, 1984, Human endometrium and endometriotic tissue obtained simultaneously: a comparative histologic study, Int J Gynecol Pathol, 3, 135, 10.1097/00004347-198402000-00003

Mazur, 1995, Normal endometrium and infertility evaluation, 7

Bergqvist, 1993, Estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometriotic tissue and endometrium: comparison of different cycle phases and ages, Hum Reprod, 8, 2211, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138005

Metzger, 1993, Cyclic changes in endometriosis implants, 89

Nisolle, 1994, Immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrium and peritoneal endometriosis: a new quantitative method, Fertil Steril, 62, 751, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57000-9

Evers, 1987, The second-look laparoscopy for evaluation of the result of medical treatment of endometriosis should not be performed during ovarian suppression, Fertil Steril, 47, 502, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59062-1

Sampson, 1921, Perforating haemorrhagic (chocolate) cysts of the ovary, Arch Surg, 3, 245, 10.1001/archsurg.1921.01110080003001

Hughesdon, 1957, The structure of endometrial cysts of the ovary, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology British Empire, 44, 69

Brosens, 1994, The endoscopic localization of endometrial implants in the ovarian chocolate cyst, Fertil Steril, 61, 1034, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)56752-1

Nezhat, 1992, A clinical and histological classification of endometriomas: implications for a mechanism of pathogenesis, J Reprod Med, 37, 771

Donnez, 1996, Large ovarian endometriomas, Hum Reprod, 11, 641, 10.1093/HUMREP/11.3.641

Nisolle M, Donnez J. It is time to reassess the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriomas. Lancet (Submitted).

Motta, 1992, Changes in the surface morphology of ovarian germinal epithelium during the reproductive life and in some pathological conditions, Submicroscopy Cytology, 99, 664

Canis, 1993, Laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis, 407

Donnez, 1987, CO2 laser laparoscopy in infertile women with endometriosis and women with adnexal adhesions, Fertil Steril, 48, 390, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59404-7

Donnez, 1994, Classification and endoscopic treatment of ovarian endometriosis, 112

Nisolle, 1995, Conservative laparoscopic treatment of ovarian endometriosis, 237

Brosens, 1996, Reconstruction of the ovary containing large endometriomas by an extraovarian endosurgical technique, Fertil Steril, 66, 517, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58561-6

Sampson, 1922, Intestinal adenomas of endometrial type, Arch Surg, 5, 21, 10.1001/archsurg.1922.01110140003001

Koninckx, 1992, Deep endometriosis: a consequence of infiltration or retraction or possible adenomyosis externa?, Fertil Steril, 58, 924, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55436-3

Donnez, 1995, Rectovaginal septum, endometriosis or adenomyosis: laparoscopic management in a series of 231 patients, Hum Reprod, 2, 630, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136001

Donnez, 1996, Peritoneal endometriosis and “endometriotic” nodules of the rectovaginal septum are two different entities, Fertil Steril, 66, 362, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58501-X

Reich, 1991, Laparoscopic treatment of cul-de-sac obliteration secondary to retrocervical deep fibrotic endometriosis, J Reprod Med, 36, 516

Zaloudek, 1987, Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus, 373

Scully, 1966, The development of malignancy in endometriosis, Clin Obstet Gynecol, 9, 384, 10.1097/00003081-196606000-00008

Scully, 1968, Sex cord-mesenzyme tumors: pathologic classification and its relation to prognosis and treatment, vol II, 40

Hirama, 1995, Estrogen and progesterone receptors of the out-of-phase endometrium in female infertile patients, Fertil Steril, 63, 984, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57534-7

Laatikainen, 1983, Progestin receptor levels in endometriomas with delayed or incomplete changes, Obstet Gynecol, 62, 592

Spirtos, 1985, Pseudocorpus luteum insufficiency: a study of cytosol progesterone receptors in human endometrium, Obstet Gynecol, 65, 535

Donnez J, Nisolle M, Smets M, Bassil S, Casanas-Roux F. Recto-vaginal septum adenomyotic nodule: a distinct entity. A series of 500 cases. Br J Obstet Gynaecol (in press).